Thermal unfolding of chicken pancreatic polypeptide at two different concentrations was studied at various pH values. The thermal stability was higher at higher protein concentrations. The transition temperatures at two different protein concentrations changed with pH in parallel and decreased by about 30 degrees C on lowering pH from 5 to 2. The results on the thermal unfolding were analyzed by assuming that the dimerization constant is independent of pH, that the thermal unfolding occurs only after the pancreatic polypeptide dimers dissociated into the monomers, and that one ionizable group participates in the acid unfolding of the monomer. The free energy change for the unfolding of the pancreatic polypeptide monomer was estimated to be 1.4 kcal/mol. The unfolding of pancreatic polypeptide by guanidine hydrochloride at pH 6.0 and 25 degrees C was also studied. The stability to guanidine hydrochloride was higher at higher protein concentrations.