Tissue Dimensions Research Articles

Treatment of periodontal abscess

ABSTRACT A periodontal abscess is a localized, purulent infection involving a greater dimension of the gum tissue, extending apically and adjacent to a periodontal pocket. Representing 6%–14% of all dental emergencies, the third-most common dental emergency is the periodontal abscess. Classification of periodontal abscesses depends on their course, location, number, and etiological criteria. The etiology of the periodontal abscess has been directly associated with periodontitis or sites without the previous existence of periodontitis. The presence of local and systemic factors makes the patient vulnerable to a periodontal abscess. It has been reported that microorganisms, primarily Gram-negative anaerobic rods, colonize the periodontal abscess. The usual clinical features of the periodontal abscess are the presence of generalized periodontal disease with pocket and bone loss, commonly related to the vital tooth, swollen and tender, sinus opening, or pus discharge through the periodontal pocket. The periodontal abscess should be ruled out from similar conditions and lesions as periapical abscess, gingival abscess, endo-perio lesion, perio-endo lesion, root fracture, and cracked tooth syndrome. The periodontal abscess diagnosis is based on the chief complaint and the history of the present illness, clinical findings, and investigations. Periodontal abscess management is a combination of three stages: immediate management, initial management, and definitive therapy. Early diagnosis and immediate treatment are crucially important for periodontal abscess management, to prevent the loss of an involved tooth. In this case report, all aspects of the periodontal abscess are described.

Use of Platelet-rich Fibrin in Immediate Implantation of Posterior Teeth and its effect on Soft Tissue Changes

Background: Immediate implant placement is favored as it reduces number of surgical appointments and overall reduces treatment duration.However, at times disadvantage of this proceduce is the inadequate dimension of soft tissue surrounding the implant, which presents a challenge forimmediate implantation in posterior teeth. . Due to which, patients frequently necessitate soft tissue augmentation to avoid potential complications.This study is minimally invasive technique which utilizing platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) which was employed to enhance soft tissuethicknessand keratinized tissue widthduring immediate implantation in the posterior region of the jaw. MethodsandMaterials: total 20 bone-level implants were utilized in 20different patients for the immediate implant procedure. As soft tissue augment , 10patients were treated with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on immediate implants in the test group, and the rest 10 patients received connectivetissue graft (CTG) on immediate implants in the control group. All implants were uncovered through surgery after 3 months andhealing abutments were placed on fixtures. The width of the Keratinized tissue was measured using a periodontal probe at baseline, and after 1 month, and 3 monthspost implant placement, where as softtissue thickness wasmeasured at baseline and 3 months post implantplacement.

Relationship between bite force, occlusal contact area, and three-dimensional facial soft tissue in dentofacial deformities.

This study aimed to investigate three-dimensional facial soft tissue dimensions, maximum bite force (MBF), and occlusal contact area in patients with DFD. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between MBF and the three-dimensional facial measurements. Thirty-two patients with skeletal Class III DFD and 20 patients with Class II DFD underwent a soft tissue evaluation using surface laser scanning, as well as MBF and occlusal contact area assessments. The DFD groups were compared with each other and with 25 healthy subjects. Significant morphological differences were found in the transversal, vertical, and anteroposterior dimensions between Class II DFD and Class III DFD. Both DFD groups presented an increased linear distance of chin height, which was strongly related with decreased MBF magnitude. The DFD groups exhibited lower MBF and occlusal contact area, with no significant differences between Class II and Class III DFD. The presence of DFD affected 3D measurements of facial soft tissue, causing variations beyond normal limits, lower MBF, and occlusal contact area in both Class II and Class III DFD patients. The vertical dimension might have influenced the lower MBF magnitude in the studied skeletal deformities.

Correction to: Relationship of tissue dimensions and three captive bolt application sites on cadaver heads from mature swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) < 200 kg body weight

Correction to: Relationship of tissue dimensions and three captive bolt application sites on cadaver heads from mature swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) < 200 kg body weight

Assessment of upper airway changes after interpositional arthroplasty: a cephalometric analysis

This prospective cohort study examined the changes in airway area and soft tissue parameters following interpositional arthroplasty for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis. Ten patients with TMJ ankylosis underwent surgery, and preoperative and postoperative skeletal and soft tissue measurements were obtained. A significant rise in soft tissue parameters was observed following surgery, although only minor changes in skeletal parameters were seen. The nasoropharyngeal area, oral area, soft palate area, and tongue area were examined. After the surgery, increases in values were observed in the nasoropharyngeal area (from 3482.4 mm2 to 3618.7 mm2), the oral area (from 2731.8 mm2 to 2840.8 mm2), the soft palate area (from 204.9 mm2 to 217.3 mm2), and the tongue area (from 2577.5 mm2 to 2600.8 mm2). These findings suggest that interpositional arthroplasty can improve airway area and soft tissue dimensions, affecting the stomatognathic system's aesthetic and functional aspects. Further research is needed to validate these results and assess long-term stability.

A novel approach for gingiva thickness measurements around lower anterior teeth by means of dental magnetic resonance imaging

ObjectiveThis diagnostic accuracy study aims to present the first measurements of gingiva thickness around lower anterior teeth using dental magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to compare these measurements with two established methods: (1) gingival phenotype assessment via periodontal probing, and (2) the superimposition of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans with intraoral scans of teeth and gums.Materials and methodsTen patients with substantial orthodontic treatment need and anterior mandibular crowding were consecutively included in this clinical case series. After periodontal probing, each patient underwent a CBCT scan, an intraoral scan of the mandible, and an MRI investigation using a novel mandibula 15-channel dental coil.ResultsThe mean gingiva thickness was 0.72 mm measured on MRI and 0.97 mm measured on CBCT, with a mean difference between the measurement methods of 0.17 ± 0.27 mm (p < 0.001). Measurement agreement between the index tests (MRI and CBCT) and the clinical reference standard (probing) yielded an overall percent agreement of 64.94% and 47.02% for MRI and CBCT, respectively. Teeth with thin phenotypes were associated with lower soft tissue dimensions in both free (MRI: 0.56 mm vs. CBCT: 0.79 mm) and supracrestal gingiva (MRI: 0.75 mm vs. CBCT: 1.03 mm) when compared to those with thick phenotypes. However, only the measurements obtained from MRI scans showed statistically significant differences between the two phenotypes.ConclusionDental MRI successfully visualizes delicate structures like the gingiva in the anterior mandible and achieves a high correlation with superimposed CBCT scans, with clinically acceptable deviations.Clinical relevanceThe present study helps to establish dental MRI as a radiation-free alternative to conventional radiographic methods.

The effects of direct polymethylmethacrylate and zirconia-on-Ti-base abutments on peri-implant soft tissue integration: A study in minipigs.

To assess two types of abutment materials routinely used in daily prac-tice-direct polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and a zirconia-on-Ti-base abut-ment-and their effects on peri-implant soft tissues and bone remodeling in a mini-pig model. A total of 40 implants were placed in five mini-pigs in a single-stage surgery. Four different types of abutment materials (n = 10 per group) were used: (1) titanium (control); (2) zirconia (control); (3) PMMA (test 1); and (4) Ti-base (zirconia bonded to a titanium framework; test 2). After 3 months of healing, the samples were collected and subjected to nondecalcified histology. The soft tissue dimensions (sulcus, junctional epithelium, and connective tissue attach-ment) were assessed on each abutment mesially and distally, and the distance from the implant margin to the first bone-to-implant contact (BIC) was measured. No statistically significant differences were found among the four groups regarding soft tissue dimensions (P = .21), and a long junctional epithelium (mean: 4.1 mm) and a short connective tissue attachment (mean: 0.3 mm) were found in the majority of abutments. In some samples, the junctional epithelium extended all the way to the bone level. The measured peri-implant bone remodeling was similar in all four groups (P = .25). The present findings indicate that both di-rect PMMA and zirconia-on-Ti-base abutments seem to allow soft tissue integration similar to that of titanium and zirconia abutments. However, clinical studies are war-ranted to either confirm or refute the observed findings and to further investigate the influence of different materials on mucointegration.

Comparison and development of scanning electron microscope techniques for delicate plant tissues

Cell deformation often occurs during sample preparation and imaging with scanning electron microscope (SEM), especially with delicate samples, which influences the accuracy of the results. Here we investigate the influence of several preparation methods on cell deformation, using water content and tissue hardness as indicators to classify “delicate” samples of plant species. The degree of deformation in samples resulting from five preparation methods was measured at the tissue and single-cell levels, revealing that a cryo- and methanol-fixation produced lower degrees of tissue dimension deformation and better preservation of cell shape for delicate samples, while for harder tissues, other preparation methods for a dehydrated specimen are also suitable. Stability and image quality of delicate samples could be improved with the application of a cryo-protectant combined with a lower cryo-stage temperature, e.g. − 30 °C. We show that the sample stability under the beam was improved by combining larger sample size and cryo-stage application. Furthermore, the influence of adaxial and abaxial tissue surfaces, the accelerating voltage, and sputter coating time on sample stability and image quality was evaluated. Our study is valuable for artifact reduction and easy application of SEM.

Evaluation of Soft Tissue Changes Following Platelet-rich Fibrin in Immediate Implantation of Posterior Teeth: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Currently, immediate implant placement is favored due to its reduced number of surgical appointments and shorter overall treatment duration. However, a notable disadvantage of this protocol is the inadequate dimension of soft tissue surrounding the implant, which presents a challenge for immediate implantation in posterior teeth. As a result, patients frequently necessitate soft tissue augmentation to alleviate potential complications. In this randomized clinical trial study, a minimally invasive technique utilizing platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) was employed to enhance soft tissue thickness and keratinized tissue width during immediate implantation in the posterior region of the jaw. Methods and Materials: A total of 20 bone-level implants were utilized in 20 patients through the immediate implantation protocol. In order to augment soft tissue, 10 patients were subjected to treatment with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on immediate implants in the test group, while 10 patients received connective tissue graft (CTG) on immediate implants in the control group. After a period of 3 months, all implants were uncovered through surgery, and healing abutments were placed on fixtures. Keratinized tissue width was measured using a periodontal probe at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after implant placement, while soft tissue thickness was measured at baseline and 3 months after implant placement. Results: Treatment was successful for all the patients. The average keratinized tissue width in the test and control group was 3.45 and 2.65 at baseline, 4.00 and 3.40 one month after surgery, and 4.20 and 3.85 three months after implant placement, respectively. Average keratinized tissue thickness in the test and control group was 2.45 and 2.05 at baseline and 3.20 and 3.25 at reentry (three months after implant placement), respectively. The average increase in keratinized tissue thickness from baseline to 3rd month was 0.75 in the test and 1.20 in the control group. The average increase in keratinized tissue width from baseline to 1st month was 0.55 in the test and 0.75 in the control group, and from baseline to 3rd month, it was 0.75 in the test and 1.20 in the control group, respectively. Data for both parameters in each group from baseline to 3rd month were statistically significant. Data for keratinized tissue thickness (p=0.077) and keratinized tissue width (p=0.089) between both the groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has the potential to serve as a minimally invasive approach for augmenting soft tissue in the posterior region of the jaw during immediate implant placement. Clinical Trial Registration Number: The clinical trial registration number for this study is IRCT20190723044313N1.

Development of a Robotic Soft Tissue Collection Mechanism for Disease Detection

This research presents the comprehensive design, development, and testing of an innovative robotic mechanism tailored for the collection of soft tissue samples intended for disease detection applications. The proposed system integrates advanced technologies, such as hydrogels, chambers, and sensors, to enable meticulous and minimally invasive tissue manipulation while concurrently mitigating tissue damage. This paper showcases simulated tissue tests and validates the mechanism on chicken liver tissue. The integration of air sensors, strain gauge sensors, and chambers furnishes real-time feedback on applied forces, tissue interaction dynamics, and alterations in tissue dimensions. The presented work lays the foundation for further advancements in the realm of minimally invasive tissue collection, crucial for precise disease detection.

Spatiotemporal analysis of 3D human iPSC-derived neural networks using a 3D multi-electrode array.

While there is a growing appreciation of three-dimensional (3D) neural tissues (i.e., hydrogel-based, organoids, and spheroids), shown to improve cellular health and network activity to mirror brain-like activity in vivo, functional assessment using current electrophysiology techniques (e.g., planar multi-electrode arrays or patch clamp) has been technically challenging and limited to surface measurements at the bottom or top of the 3D tissue. As next-generation MEAs, specifically 3D MEAs, are being developed to increase the spatial precision across all three dimensions (X, Y, Z), development of improved computational analytical tools to discern region-specific changes within the Z dimension of the 3D tissue is needed. In the present study, we introduce a novel computational analytical pipeline to analyze 3D neural network activity recorded from a "bottom-up" 3D MEA integrated with a 3D hydrogel-based tissue containing human iPSC-derived neurons and primary astrocytes. Over a period of ~6.5 weeks, we describe the development and maturation of 3D neural activity (i.e., features of spiking and bursting activity) within cross sections of the 3D tissue, based on the vertical position of the electrode on the 3D MEA probe, in addition to network activity (identified using synchrony analysis) within and between cross sections. Then, using the sequential addition of postsynaptic receptor antagonists, bicuculline (BIC), 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP-5), and 6-cyano-5-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), we demonstrate that networks within and between cross sections of the 3D hydrogel-based tissue show a preference for GABA and/or glutamate synaptic transmission, suggesting differences in the network composition throughout the neural tissue. The ability to monitor the functional dynamics of the entire 3D reconstructed neural tissue is a critical bottleneck; here we demonstrate a computational pipeline that can be implemented in studies to better interpret network activity within an engineered 3D neural tissue and have a better understanding of the modeled organ tissue.

The Effect of Posterior Fossa Decompression Surgery on Brainstem and Cervical Spinal Cord Dimensions in Adults with Chiari Malformation Type 1

Posterior fossa decompression (PFD) surgery creates more space at the skull base, reduces the resistance to the cerebrospinal fluid motion, and alters craniocervical biomechanics. In this paper, we retrospectively examined the changes in neural tissue dimensions following PFD surgery on Chiari malformation type 1 adults. Measurements were performed on T2-weighted brain magnetic resonance images acquired before and 4months after surgery. Measurements were conducted for neural tissue volume and spinal cord/brainstem width at 4 different locations; 2 width measurements were made on the brainstem and 2 on the spinal cord in the midsagittal plane. Cerebellar tonsillar position (CTP) was also measured before and after surgery. Twenty-five adult patients, with a mean age of 38.9±8.8years, were included in the study. The cervical cord volume increased by an average of 2.3 ± 3.3% (P= 0.002). The width at the pontomedullary junction increased by 2.2 ± 3.5% (P < 0.01), while the width 10mm caudal to this junction increased by 4.2 ± 3.9% (P < 0.0001). The spinal cord width at the base of second cervical vertebra and third cervical vertebra did not significantly change after surgery. The CTP decreased by 60 ± 37% (P < 0.0001) after surgery, but no correlation was found between CTP change and dimension change. The brainstem width and cervical cord volume showed a modest increase after PFD surgery, although standard deviations were large. A reduction in compression after PFD surgery may allow for an increase in neural tissue dimension. However, clinical relevance is unclear and should be assessed in future studies with high-resolution imaging.

Choriocapillaris, Photoreceptors, and Inner Retinal Layer in Spatial Relationship to Parapapillary Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta Zones.

To examine the spatial relationships between the retinal inner nuclear layer (INL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer, Bruch's membrane (BM), and choriocapillaris in the parapapillary region. Human eyes enucleated due to uveal melanomas or secondary angle-closure glaucoma were histomorphometrically examined. We compared the tissue dimensions between four groups of eyes categorized based on the presence/absence of high myopia and glaucoma. The investigation consisted of 100 globes (axial length: 25.6 ± 3.1mm; range: 20.0-35.0mm). In non-highly myopic nonglaucomatous eyes, the INL, ONL, RPE, BM, and choriocapillaris ended approximately at the end of the RPE layer, with no significant (all P ≥ 0.10) difference between the layers in their distance to the RPE-layer end. From non-highly myopic nonglaucomatous eyes to non-highly myopic glaucomatous eyes, highly myopic nonglaucomatous eyes, and eventually highly myopic glaucomatous eyes, the choriocapillaris, INL, and ONL increasingly extended into the beta zone, most marked for the choriocapillaris and least marked for the ONL. A larger extension of the choriocapillaris into the parapapillary beta zone correlated with longer axial length (standardized regression coefficient β, 0.24; B, 23.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-44.5; P = 0.04) and wider parapapillary beta zone (β, 0.59; B, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.22-0.41; P < 0.001); a larger extension of the INL correlated with longer axial length (β, 0.34; B, 43.7; 95% CI, 11.6-75.7; P = 0.009), longer gamma zone (β, 0.52; B, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.15-0.41; P < 0.001), and diagnosis of non-highly myopic glaucoma (β, 0.28; B, 267; 95% CI, 80.8-454; P = 0.006); and a larger extension of the ONL into parapapillary beta zone correlated with longer axial length (β, 0.50; B, 32.2; 95% CI, 21.6-42.8; P < 0.001) and wider parapapillary beta zone (β, 0.28; B, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.04-0.16; P < 0.001). Nonglaucomatous non-highly myopic eyes differ from highly myopic eyes and glaucomatous eyes in the spatial relationship of the parapapillary tissue layers.

The influence of ligament biomechanics on proximal junctional kyphosis and failure in patients with adult spinal deformity.

It is unknown whether the biomechanics of the posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) are impaired in individuals undergoing surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD). Characterizing these properties may improve our understanding of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK; defined as proximal junctional angle [PJA] of >10 deg from UIV-1 to UIV + 2), as well as proximal junctional failure (PJF; symptomatic PJK requiring revision). The purpose of this prospective observational study is to compare biomechanical properties of the PLC in individuals with ASD who do, and do not develop PJK or PJF within 1 year of spinal fusion surgery. Intraoperative biopsies of PLC were obtained from 32 consecutive patients undergoing spinal fusions for ASD (>4 levels). Ligament peak force, tensile stress, tensile strain, and elastic modulus (EM) were measured with a materials testing system. Biomechanical properties and tissue dimensions were correlated with age, gender, BMI, vitamin D level, osteoporosis, sagittal alignment, PJA and change in PJA preoperatively, within 3 months, and at 1 year postoperatively. Longer ligaments were associated with greater PJA change at 3 months (p = 0.04), and thinner ligaments were associated with greater PJA change at 1 year (r = 0.57, p = 0.01). Greater EM was associated with greater PJA at both 3 months and 1 year (p = 0.03). Five participants had a change in PJA of >10 1 year postoperatively, and three participants demonstrated PJF. EM was significantly higher in individuals who required revision surgery (p = 0.003), and ligament length was greater (p = 0.03). Preoperative sagittal alignment was not related to incidence of revision surgery (p > 0.10). The biomechanical properties of the PLC may be associated with higher risk for proximal failure. Ligaments that are longer, thinner, and less elastic are associated with higher postoperative PJA. Furthermore stiffer EM of the ligament is associated with the need for revision surgery.

ОЦЕНКА ВЕРХНИХ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПУТЕЙ И ОКРУЖАЮЩИХ МЯГКИХ ТКАНЕЙ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С АНОМАЛИЯМИ ОККЛЮЗИИ В САГИТТАЛЬНОЙ ПЛОСКОСТИ ПО ДАННЫМ КОНУСНО-ЛУЧЕВОЙ КОМПЬЮТЕРНОЙ ТОМОГРАФИИ

The relationship between facial morphology and upper airway (UA) dimensions is well established in scientific literature. Due to that, upper airway assessment is an important step of orthodontic treatment planning and diagnosis. Three-dimensional cone-beam computer tomography analysis (CBCT) of upper airway is simple and readily available method of measuring linear and angular parameters, cross-sectional area, and volume of the UA. &#x0D; The aim of the study is to measure the UA and surrounding tissue dimensions in patients with different types of sagittal malocclusion. 63 CBCT scans of adult patients without history of trauma, orthodontic treatment and congenital syndromes, diagnosed with distal, mesial, and normal occlusion have been studied using Materialise Mimics 21.0. Three-dimensional models of UA were created, and measurements of volume and cross-sectional area were taken using centerline and conventional cephalometric analysis. Non-parametric statistical correlational analysis was conducted.&#x0D; There were statistically significant differences between patients with mesial and distal occlusion. Moderate statistically significant correlations between facial morphology and UA dimensions have been found. In patients with distal occlusion, extended head position, posterior position of the hyoid bone, transverse maxillary and mandibular deficiency UA tend to have smaller size. The most predictive factor for minimal cross-sectional area of UA is the craniocervical angle and the distance between mandibular condyles.

Dimensional changes after horizontal and vertical guided bone regeneration without membrane fixation using the retentive flap technique: A 1-year retrospective study.

To evaluate the dimensional changes after horizontal and vertical guided bone regeneration (GBR) without membrane fixation using the retentive flap technique. This study retrospectively examined two cohorts that received vertical or horizontal ridge augmentations (VA or HA groups). GBR was performed using particulate bone substitutes and resorbable collagen membranes. The augmented sites were stabilized using the retentive flap technique without any additional membrane fixation. The augmented tissue dimensions were assessed using cone-beam computed tomography at preoperative, immediately postoperative (IP), 4 months (4M), and 1 year (1Y). Postoperative vertical bone gain in 11 participants of VA group amounted to 5.96 ± 1.88 mm at IP, which decreased to 5.53 ± 1.62 at 4M and to 5.26 ± 1.52 mm at 1Y (intragroup p < 0.05). The horizontal bone gain at IP in 12 participants amounted to 3.98 ± 2.06 mm, which decreased to 3.02 ± 2.06 at 4M and to 2.48 ± 2.09 mm at 1Y (intragroup p < 0.05). The mean implant dehiscence defect height after 1Y was 0.19 ± 0.50 mm in the VA group, and 0.57 ± 0.93 mm in the HA group. GBR without membrane fixation using the retentive flap technique seems to preserve the radiographic bone dimensions of vertically augmented sites. This technique may be less effective at preserving the width of the augmented tissue.

Relationships of the size of abdominal and perirenal fat depots with markers of meta‑inflammatory and renal damage in patients with resistant hypertension

Objective. To study possible correlations between the quantitative characteristics of fat depots in the abdominal and perirenal regions according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data with metabolic and immunoinflammatory parameters, renal function, blood pressure (BP), as well as anthropometric data in patients with resistant hypertension (RH).Design and methods. Sixty-three patients (26 men) with RH aged 60 [54; 64] years who were receiving individual treatment with antihypertensive medication (mean, 4,3 ± 1,1 drug per day) were included in the study. Systolic/diastolic/pulse BP (SBP/DBP/PBP) was 157,7 ± 15,4 / 86,3 ± 13,6 / 71,3 ± 14,5 mm Hg. Mean body mass index (BMI) 34,1 [31,0; 38,5] kg/m2, waist circumference (WC) 108 [102; 113] cm (95,2 % with abdominal obesity). Diabetes mellitus type 2 suffered 51,6 %, chronic kidney disease C3–30,6 %. Clinical and laboratory examinations were performed. Creatinine level with estimated glomerular filtration rate (CKD-EPI), biomarker levels were assessed by ELISA. MRI was performed in a high-field tomograph with a magnetic field induction on 1,5 T. Mean parameter values in apparently healthy volunteers were considered normal. The area of visceral adipose tissue (S VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (S SAT) was determined at the L4-L5 level (normal 123,5 [101,0; 169,0] and 216,5 [167,0; 287,0] cm2, respectively); kidney diameter — the anterior-posterior size of the kidney at the level of the renal vein (normal 5,0 [4,4; 5,4] cm); the thickness of perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) as the difference between the distance between the sheets of Gerota’s fascia at the level of the renal vein and the diameter of the kidney (normal 1,2 [0,9; 2,4] cm); thickness of anterior subcutaneous adipose tissue (SATT) at the level of the umbilicus (normal 2,7 [1,8; 3,8] cm), the ratio of PRAT/SATT (normal 0,72 ± 0,61).Results. An increase was observed in all fat depots: S VAT 271,2 ± 104,4 cm2, S SAT 309,5 [236,0; 400,0] cm2, PRAT 2,7 [1,8; 3,9] cm, SATT 3,0 [2,3; 3,7] cm. Anthropometric parameters were associated with S VAT and S SAT. The thickness of PRAT correlated only with weight (r = 0,44) and WC (r = 0,41), whereas SATT correlated with BMI (r = 0,49). The PRAT/SATT ratio was not dependent on BMI. S VAT was associated with the level of PBP (r = 0,30). The following associations were observed with metainflammatory markers: TNF-α with S VAT (r = 0,31) and S SAT (r = 0,43) and with BMI (r = 0,32) and WC (r = 0,38); hsCRP with S SAT (r = 0,30), PRAT thickness (r = 0,34), and SATT (r = 0,34); leptin level correlated only with subcutaneous adipose tissue (S SAT, r = 0,60 and SATT, r = 0,69) and BMI (r = 0,51). Kidney size was 5,5 [5,0; 6,0] cm and was not associated with BMI. A decrease in kidney size was associated with a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = 0,36). Glomerular filtration rate was associated with PRAT, as was creatinine (r = 0,43), which was also correlated with S VAT (r = 0,32). No correlations were found between renal function and anthropometric data.Conclusions. In patients with RH, there is an increase in the size of fat depots in the abdominal and perirenal regions according to MRI, which are closely related to anthropometric parameters and markers of inflammation. A direct correlation between the serum concentration of leptin and the size of subcutaneous adipose tissue has been established. An increase in the ratio of PRAT/SATT indicates an increase in the predominantly visceral component of adipose tissue and is associated with an increase in PBP, which reflects vascular stiffness. The decrease in the filtration function of the kidneys is correlated with an increase in the size of perirenal fat depots in the absence of direct links with dimensions of subcutaneous adipose tissue and anthropometric characteristics.

Presentation of a novel surgical technique in periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics. CBCT assessment of the buccal alveolar dimensional changes: a proof-of-concept report of four cases.

The aim of this report was to present the effectiveness of a novel augmented corticotomy performed before orthodontic treatments in the prevention of buccal alveolar dehiscence and gingival recession. Four periodontally healthy individuals presenting crowding and thin bone morphotype in the mandibular anterior area were treated with a double-layer tunnel flap, piezotomy, and hard and soft-tissue augmentation. Patients were divided into two groups according to the utilized graft material. The exclusive use of demineralized bovine bone minerals (group 2) was compared to the use of autologous concentrated growth factor-enriched bone graft matrix, "sticky bone" (group 1). CBCT measurements were performed before and 6 months after surgery. Orthodontic treatment was initialized 1 week after surgery. Postoperative wound healing was uneventful, and tooth alignments were successful in all cases. Postoperative buccal hard tissue dimensions were favorable in both groups, with no occurring bone dehiscence or gingival recession. The seemingly better results of group 2, in terms of quantitative hard tissue changes, did not have any clinical significance according to the objective to be achieved. In contrast, qualitative radiographic analysis showed a more homogenous tissue formation around teeth in group 1. It can be concluded that the presented preorthodontic treatment approach seems to be successful in preventing alveolar dehiscence and gingival recession around buccally inclined mandibular anterior teeth.

PO-03-090 NOVEL HIGH RESOLUTION MR IMAGING IMPROVES PRE-PROCEDURE IDENTIFICATION OF ABLATION TARGETS IN POST-INFARCT VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA

MRI-based personalized virtual heart models (VHM) are a useful tool for reconstructing scar distribution and identifying VT circuits for planning catheter ablation procedure, an effective therapy for preventing sudden cardiac death from VT in patients with myocardial infarction. However, the MRI resolution used to reconstruct VHMs may not be sufficient to accurately detect all VT circuits, possibly leading to erroneous predictions. To predict catheter ablation targets in the arrhythmogenic substrate using VHMs reconstructed from both clinical and high-resolution 2D MRI datasets and compare the predictions. High-resolution (1.352 x 3mm) short-axis cardiac MRI were acquired by combining two subsequent clinical resolution (1.352 x 6mm) short-axis MRI from nine post-infarct patients undergoing VT ablation. The high-resolution and two clinical MRI were used to reconstruct a total of three personalized VHMs for each patient that represented the patient-specific infarct remodeling. Rapid pacing was used to assess the VT circuits and identify ablation targets in each VHM. Differences in VT inducibility and location were assessed between the high and clinical resolution VHM reconstructions, as well as between the two clinical resolution VHM reconstructions. Virtual ablations were performed to identify emergent VTs and were also compared between the VHMs for each patient. The amount of fibrotic remodeling changed by 12.6 ± 3.3% between the high-resolution and two clinical MRI VHMs for each patient, while the distribution was only moderately affected (Fig 1). The heterogeneity of the myocardium and the fractal dimension (complexity) of the scar tissue was not statistically different between the VHMs for each patient (Fig 1). VT inducibility was observed in all VHMs with an average of 2.7 [1-4] unique VT morphologies induced in each VHM. In two patients, only one clinical VHM was able to identify all the unique VT morphologies observed in the high-resolution VHM. VT exit sites in the clinical MRI VHMs were within 5mm of the exit sites observed in the high-resolution VHMs in 72.2% of cases. Virtual ablations uncovered emergent VT circuits in two of the high-resolution VHMs, compared to only one of the corresponding clinical MRI VHMs. The distribution of ablation targets required to terminate VT was statistically different in 44.4% of cases (Fig 1). VHMs reconstructed from high-resolution MRI more accurately identify VT circuits and may improve catheter ablation outcomes.

Socket Shield Technique and Immediate Implant Placement – A Systematic Review

&lt;p&gt;Purpose: A novel method, socket shield technique (SST), preserving the peri-implant tissue dimensions by retaining the buccal aspect of root was published by Hurzeler et al in 2010. Our study aims to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes between conventional immediate implantation and socket shield technique (SST) based on prospective clinical trials. Also, we will discuss the different protocols and modifications of the socket shield technique. Material and methods: A PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase database search was conducted to identify relevant publication up to March 2022. Result: 7 articles were included in our systemic review. The follow-up periods of the included literature ranged from 6 months to 4 years and contained 106 cases of socket shield technique (Test group) and 112 cases of conventional immediate implantation technique (Control group). None of the implants failed to have osseointegration. The horizontal bone loss at the crestal area in test group and control group ranged from 0.12~0.29mm and 0.29~1.45mm half a year post-operatively on CBCT, respectively. On the other hand, the vertical bone loss in test group and control group ranged from 0.28~0.36mm and 0.77~1.71mm half a year after operation on CBCT. All the results showed the socket shield techniques had less tissue alterations compared to the conventional immediate implantation with statistical significance. The overall Pink Esthetic Score (PES) of the test group (Socket shield technique) in the included studies ranged from 12.0 to 13.25 postoperatively, comparing to those ranging from 8.85 to 12.60 for the control group. Conclusion: All the included clinical trials showed promising results of socket shield technique in respect of less bone and soft tissue volume changes than the conventional immediate implantation. However, it is still unclear whether the socket shield technique will provide a stable long-term outcome in this stage.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;