Dimensions Of Teamwork Research Articles

The architecture of teamwork: examining relationships between teaching, assessment, student learning and satisfaction with creative design outcomes

Student satisfaction with teamwork experiences is important for two interrelated reasons. First, students learn about teamwork more effectively when they view their teamwork learning experience more positively. Second, their satisfaction with prior teamwork learning has an impact on future teamwork learning – because team effectiveness is influenced by attitudes and motivations to teamwork shaped by past experience. This paper draws on data collected from almost 196 students at 4 Australian universities. It considers the relationships between architecture students' satisfaction with two dimensions of teamwork – its processes and its outcomes – and five pedagogic factors that teachers can control: team size, assessment, team formation, the teaching of teamwork skills and knowledge, and feedback on teamwork skills and processes. The results indicated that a student's perception of whether assessment was fair was the greatest predictor of satisfaction. Through an understanding of the factors that contribute to positive learning experiences for students in teams, suggestions are given on how design educators might better support student learning in teamwork assignments and student learning of how to design in teams.

Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi, Budaya Organisasi dan Kepemimpinan terhadap Tata Kelola Perusahaan serta Implikasinya pada Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan

The purpose of the research is to obtain empirical evidence and to find out transparent phenomena as well as conclusions regarding the influence of the organizational commitment, organization culture and transformational leadership toward good corporate governance and its implication on the corporate financial performance of some state owned companies in Indonesia. 
 Organization culture is the major variable that influences good corporate governance in which the dimensions of professionalism and team work have dominantly contributed to organization culture. The second major variable that influences a good corporate governance is the organizational commitment. Transformational leadership becomes the minor variable that influences good corporate governance with its dimensions of intellectual stimulation and individual consideration. In addition, the dimensions of return on equity, current ratio and collecting periods become the most dominant factors/elements of the corporate financial performance. As a result, those state owned companies should optimally improve the ownership structure, organization culture, and transformational leadership including good corporate governance in order to increase the corporate financial performance of those state owned companies.

Re-viewing student teamwork: preparation for the ‘real world’ or bundles of situated social practices?

Research in Australian business education continues to emphasise the importance of students learning teamwork as an integral part of the undergraduate curriculum. However, entrenched conceptual and practical confusion as to what the term ‘teamwork’ means and how it ought to be enacted remains a vexed issue capable of distorting and diminishing teamwork, learning and related pedagogy. In this paper, we critically re-examine the view that developing teamwork in an undergraduate business degree equips students for work in the real world. By focusing on the ‘real world’ metaphor-in-use in a cross-disciplinary business capstone subject, we interrogate the spatio-temporal dimensions of teamwork and its realist conceptions and performance. The research draws upon the perceptions of interviewed academics conducting teamwork activities in undergraduate business courses and the lived experiences of the authors. The findings highlight how the use of multiple models of teamwork, constructed by competing discourses and linked to the dualities and invocations constructed by ‘the real world’ metaphor, further exacerbate confusion. We suggest re-viewing and re-valuing student teamwork as the performance of situated, social practices opening new spaces for student teamwork, learning and pedagogical practice.

Building the Evidence on Simulation Validity

Effective teamwork is important for patient safety, and verbal communication underpins many dimensions of teamwork. The validity of the simulated environment would be supported if it elicited similar verbal communications to the real setting. The authors hypothesized that anesthesiologists would exhibit similar verbal communication patterns in routine operating room (OR) cases and routine simulated cases. The authors further hypothesized that anesthesiologists would exhibit different communication patterns in routine cases (real or simulated) and simulated cases involving a crisis. Key communications relevant to teamwork were coded from video recordings of anesthesiologists in the OR, routine simulation and crisis simulation and percentages were compared. The authors recorded comparable videos of 20 anesthesiologists in the two simulations, and 17 of these anesthesiologists in the OR, generating 400 coded events in the OR, 683 in the routine simulation, and 1,419 in the crisis simulation. The authors found no significant differences in communication patterns in the OR and the routine simulations. The authors did find significant differences in communication patterns between the crisis simulation and both the OR and the routine simulations. Participants rated team communication as realistic and considered their communications occurred with a similar frequency in the simulations as in comparable cases in the OR. The similarity of teamwork-related communications elicited from anesthesiologists in simulated cases and the real setting lends support for the ecological validity of the simulation environment and its value in teamwork training. Different communication patterns and frequencies under the challenge of a crisis support the use of simulation to assess crisis management skills.

Quality of work life as a predictor of nurses' intention to leave units, organisations and the profession

To examine the relationships between quality of work life (QWL) and nurses' intention to leave their unit (ITLunit), organisation (ITLorg) and profession (ITLpro). The high turnover rate among nurses presents a major challenge to health care systems across the globe. QWL plays a significant role in nurses' turnover. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was conducted via purposive sampling of 1283 hospital nurses and administering the Chinese version of the Quality of Nursing Work Life scale (C-QNWL), a three-ITL-type scale questionnaire, and a demographic questionnaire for individual- and work-related variables. Descriptive data, correlations, and ordinal regression models were analyzed. QWL predicted ITLpro and ITLorg better than ITLunit. Three QWL dimensions (work arrangement and workload, nursing staffing and patient care, and work-home life balance) were significantly predictive of all three ITL measures. However, the dimension of teamwork and communication was only predictive for ITLunit, not for ITLorg and ITLpro. Different patterns of QWL dimensions are predictive of ITLunit, ITLorg, and ITLpro. The study provides important information to nurse administrators about the aspects of QWL that most commonly lead nurses to leave their units, organisations, and even the profession itself.

“We put teamwork back on the agenda again and again”

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature on teamwork by focusing on the influence support systems, like industrial relations, have on teamwork. Teamwork is conceptualized through three dimensions; technical, governmental and normative.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a case study approach in a single company with available data over a long period of time.FindingsIndustrial relations conceptualized as local representation and partnership had a strong influence on all three dimensions of teamwork; technical, governmental and normative. Especially important is the union's involvement in the introduction of teamwork, shaping the arrangement and interpretation of it.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is based on a single company, describing a particular phenomenon. Also, the contextual environment with a strong partnership culture with cooperative industrial relations is important.Practical implicationsThe practical implications emphasize the importance for members of an organization to be involved in the introductory part of new organizational development such as teamwork in order to have an influence on arrangement of teams and the interpretation of teamwork.Social implicationsThe social implications are connected to industrial democracy and high level of involvement, which has consequences for the work environment in a company working along these lines.Originality/valueThere are not many available cases of semi‐autonomous teams working over a long period of time, and the paper gives an in‐depth understanding of the strength of this way of working. The main contribution is to highlight how local representation and labor‐management partnership has influenced the dimensions of teamwork.

General and special education teachers' relations within teamwork in inclusive education: socio-demographic characteristics

The general objective of this study was to establish the relation between general and special education teachers within teamwork and to define socio-demographic factors that affect teamwork. The sample encompassed 223 general and special education teacher of both genders, age 25 to 60, who are employed in regular elementary schools in Serbia. The general and special education teachers approach data, according to the six dimensions of teamwork, were obtained by means of a standardized questionnaire for teamwork supervision, which contains 60 assertions (Cronbach’s a = 0.907). Our research results indicate that there is no significant difference between general and special education teachers in their perception of the four out of six dimensions of teamwork. They are aware of the environment in which teamwork operates, they have similar behaviour and abilities, and they respect similar teamwork values. However, the transition, from traditional to inclusive education, brings the problem of general education teachers’ professional identity (p = 0.043) and the meaning of interrelations with special education teachers, the significance of teamwork in broader social sense, and the benefits of teamwork outside the institution (p = 0.049). Keywords : general education teacher; inclusive education; inclusive school; special education teacher; teamwork

Measuring teamwork and taskwork of community-based “teams” delivering life-saving health interventions in rural Zambia: a qualitative study

BackgroundThe use of teams is a well-known approach in a variety of settings, including health care, in both developed and developing countries. Team performance is comprised of teamwork and task work, and ascertaining whether a team is performing as expected to achieve the desired outcome has rarely been done in health care settings in resource-limited countries. Measuring teamwork requires identifying dimensions of teamwork or processes that comprise the teamwork construct, while taskwork requires identifying specific team functions. Since 2008 a community-based project in rural Zambia has teamed community health workers (CHWs) and traditional birth attendants (TBAs), supported by Neighborhood Health Committees (NHCs), to provide essential newborn and continuous curative care for children 0–59 months. This paper describes the process of developing a measure of teamwork and taskwork for community-based health teams in rural Zambia.MethodsSix group discussions and pile-sorting sessions were conducted with three NHCs and three groups of CHW-TBA teams. Each session comprised six individuals.ResultsWe selected 17 factors identified by participants as relevant for measuring teamwork in this rural setting. Participants endorsed seven functions as important to measure taskwork. To explain team performance, we assigned 20 factors into three sub-groups: personal, community-related and service-related.ConclusionCommunity and culturally relevant processes, functions and factors were used to develop a tool for measuring teamwork and taskwork in this rural community and the tool was quite unique from tools used in developed countries.

P336: Safety culture in health institution of Ivory Coast

Of the ten dimensions studied, only the dimension of teamwork in the service an average score of 79.5% for the three health institutions with 72.5 for the PSP, 83.5% for the CNTS and 82.5% for ICA. CNTS and the PSP have a management support for security with respective scores of 80% and 75%. This is not the case of ICA (49.7%). These three structures do not have enough staff to cope with the workload (PSP 32%, CNTS: 45%, ICA: 25, 4%) These structures are also characterized by the lack of freedom of expression (PSP 33%, CNTS: 47%, ICA 53.3%) and poor organization of services does not allow an improvement in the quality of care (PSP 46.7%, CNTS: 53.3%, ICA 48.3%). Conclusion These institutions are characterized by a spirit of mutual respect and within teams. However, there is a lack of communication and freedom of expression. The harmonization of behavior of all health professionals is an essential process in the process of care for patients.

Nursing Control Over Practice and Teamwork

Nurses’ control over practice is essential to nursing care quality and fosters teamwork at the point of care delivery. This article describes a study to measure the impact of nurses’ control over their practice from the perspective of teamwork. The purpose of this study was to measure the relationship of control over practice to the five following dimensions of teamwork: team structure, leadership, situation monitoring, mutual support, and communication. The study method was a secondary analysis of 456 surveys from registered nurses working in a five-hospital system. Study results demonstrated that the global measure of teamwork correlated with control over practice and nursing experience, but not with teamwork training. All five individual dimensions of teamwork were perceived as better for those who had a high level of control over practice compared to those who did not. In the discussion section, we consider situation monitoring since this dimension demonstrated an interaction effect between teamwork training and control over practice. Nursing control over practice demonstrates a positive relationship with teamwork and should be considered in future education, policy, and research efforts. Further study is needed to understand control over practice as a potential moderator or mediator of other predecessors of effective teamwork.

Evaluation of an instrument to measure teamwork in multidisciplinary critical care teams

IntroductionTeamwork failures contribute to adverse events causing harm to patients. Establishing and maintaining a team and managing the tasks are active processes. Medical education largely ignores teamwork skills. However, lack...

“Just be Respectful of the Primary Doc”: Teaching Mutual Respect as a Dimension of Teamwork in General Pediatrics

Objective Although others have reported on teamwork training, little is known about what pediatric residents in inpatient settings learn implicitly about respectful working relationships with community-based general pediatricians. The purpose of this brief report is to examine how pediatric residents on an inpatient general pediatric rotation regard “the other” (community-based general pediatricians), and how academic, hospital-based general pediatric attending physicians respond. Methods We conducted a case study on one general pediatrics floor, which entailed 143 hours of observation over 8 months (January to August 2006), as well as in-depth interviews with 25 residents and 14 general pediatric attending physicians whom we observed as they worked on the floor. Data were derived from >1000 pages of field notes and interview transcripts. We systematically reviewed the data and inductively derived codes related to explicit and implicit education. In this brief report, we focused our analysis on data relevant to the concept of boundary crossing: when members of the group talk about members of another group in the process of inquiring about or negotiating patient care. Results Residents’ comments tended to reveal a neutral or somewhat negative regard for their general pediatric community counterparts, whom they typically referred to as PMDs (primary medical doctors). Attending physicians’ responses to these comments varied, but often explicitly taught residents about dimensions of teamwork, including mutual respect. Conclusions Explicit teamwork training in pediatric education should not be limited to partnering with other disciplines or other specialties, but expanded to enhance positive regard and mutual respect for general pediatricians in hospital- and community-based settings alike. Attending physicians in general pediatrics are ideally positioned to implicitly teach respectful working relationships within the specialty.

The association among project manager's leadership style, teamwork and project success

This study aims to examine whether the impact of teamwork on project performance was moderated by the following data class variables: industry sector, total installed cost, owner regulation, initial site, team size, complexity, project type, and international involvement. Additionally, this study also investigated the relationships among the project manager's leadership style, teamwork, and project success. To address the primary aims, a questionnaire-based survey was used to measure the project manager's leadership style, teamwork, and project success in terms of schedule performance, cost performance, quality performance, and stakeholder satisfaction. The analyses suggest that increases in levels of leadership may enhance relationships among team members. The results also indicate that teamwork exhibits statistically significant influence on project performance. Finally, the findings suggest that project type has a moderating effect on the relationship between teamwork dimensions and overall project success.

The Challenge to Incorporate Teamwork as a Managerial Competency: The Case of Mainstream South African Newsrooms

This article outlines dimensions of teamwork as a managerial competency in South Africa’s transitional mainstream media newsrooms. It highlights differences on perceptions of the importance and implementation of this competency among respondents from reporter and first-line newsroom manager tiers, given media management transformation in a post-apartheid society. Moderately and practically significant effect sizes were calculated between the two respondent groups on all dimensions of the teamwork competency. Results emphasized the need to improve first-line newsroom managers’ teamwork abilities in efforts to improve professional newsroom operations.

Visualising the social dynamics of team collaboration

The aim of this research is to develop automated computational methods that visualise a particular social dimension of teamwork, the mutual expectations and shared knowledge that form the basis for effective collaborative work, to better facilitate its accurate analysis and interpretation. This teamwork dimension is operationalised as conceptual coherence, which is imputed from the semantic coherence of team communication. This paper presents three different information visualisation techniques for representing the social dynamics of design team collaboration based on the content of their communication. This collection of data representations was developed using a custom-made software toolkit that merges computational linguistic and information visualisation algorithms. Based on this research, several teamwork visualisation guidelines have been derived in order to transform the communications of design teams into useful devices for quantifying and representing social accounting metrics concerning the level and quality of their collaborative interactions over time.

Using Critical Praxis to Understand and Teach Teamwork

The authors pursue three aims in this article. The first is to underscore critical praxis as an especially valuable approach to understanding and enabling teamwork. The second is to offer four dimensions of teamwork—vision, roles, processes, and relationships— as salient areas to interrogate using critical praxis. The third aim is to consider the implications and methods for teaching teamwork in the classroom context. In the process of doing so, the authors highlight limitations of prevailing theoretical approaches and note changes in their own practice of teaching and facilitating teamwork that have occurred through a commitment to critical praxis.

A META‐ANALYSIS OF TEAMWORK PROCESSES: TESTS OF A MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODEL AND RELATIONSHIPS WITH TEAM EFFECTIVENESS CRITERIA

Drawing from Marks, Mathieu, and Zaccaro (2001), we proposed that narrowly focused teamwork processes load onto 3 higher‐order teamwork process dimensions, which in turn load onto a general teamwork process factor. Results of model testing using meta‐analyses of relationships among narrow teamwork processes provided support for the structure of this multidimensional theory of teamwork process. Meta‐analytic results also indicated that teamwork processes have positive relationships with team performance and member satisfaction, and that the relationships are similar across the teamwork dimensions and levels of process specificity. Supplemental analyses revealed that the 3 intermediate‐level teamwork processes are positively and strongly related to cohesion and potency. Results of moderator analyses suggested that relationships among teamwork processes and team performance are somewhat dependent on task interdependence and team size.

What makes a good team player? Personality and team effectiveness.

Good team players are often defined in trait terms; that is, they are described as dependable, flexible, or cooperative. Our goal is to examine the relationship between team member personality traits and team effectiveness. However, to understand the effects of personality on team performance requires greater specificity in how personality is described and in how team effectiveness is described. A hierarchical model of team member personality is presented that defines higherlevel personality traits and specific facets relevant to team performance. Next, a classification of the core teamwork dimensions underlying effective team performance is presented. Finally, predictions are derived linking team member personality facets to specific teamwork requirements.

Teambuilding and leadership training in an internal medicine residency training program.

The purpose of this report is to describe and evaluate the impact of a 1-day retreat focused on developing leadership skills and teambuilding among postgraduate year 1 residents in an internal medicine residency. A group of organizers, including members of the staff, the chief medical residents, administrative individuals in the residency office, and an internal organizational development consultant convened to organize an off-site retreat with activities that would provide experiential learning regarding teamwork and leadership, including a "reef survival exercise" and table discussions regarding the characteristics of ideal leaders. In addition, several energizing activities and recreational free time was provided to enhance the interaction and teamwork dimensions of the retreat. To evaluate the impact of the retreat, attendees completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires regarding their experience of the retreat. Attendees universally regarded the retreat as having value for them. Comparison of baseline to postretreat responses indicated that attendees felt that the retreat enhanced their abilities to be better physicians, resident supervisors, and leaders. Follow-up responses indicated significant increases in attendees' agreement that good leaders challenge the process, make decisions based on shared visions, allow others to act, recognize individual contributions, and serve as good role models. Results on the survival exercise indicated a high frequency with which team-based decisions surpassed individual members' decisions, highlighting the importance and value of teamwork to attendees. Our main findings were that: participants universally found this 1-day retreat beneficial in helping to develop teamwork and leadership skills and the experiential learning aspects of the retreat were more especially highly rated and highlighted the advantages of teamwork. In the context that this 1-day retreat was deemed useful by faculty and residents alike, further study is needed to assess the impact of this learning on actual clinical practice and the durability of these lessons.

Observational Measures of Team Process and Performance in Healthcare

This symposium presents four research approaches that demonstrate a set of diverse tools and techniques for the study of team process and performance. Observational analysis is a cornerstone of human factors research, and analysis at the team level requires approaches tailored to the special considerations of group processes. In exploring these issues, we first present the advantages of video data as a medium in an ergonomic and task analysis of brief, risky beneficial procedures, and comparisons to traditional observational methodologies are made. Next, both qualitative and quantitative methods are used for describing notable events and performing content analysis with a software tool (“RATE”) that facilitates the coding and analysis of video records of surgical teams. Third, we explore a technique that uses the communication patterns of trauma teams as a measure of team processes, structure and function. Lastly, we present a validated behavioral marking system (“ANTS”) for individual anesthetists within the context of a team that includes the dimensions of team work, task management, situation awareness and decision making. These four techniques examine a range of valuable analytic tools demonstrated through empirical research.