Dimensions Of Spiritual Intelligence Research Articles

Impact of Home Environment on Spiritual Intelligence of Primary School Students in Bhutan

This study investigates the impact of the home environment on the spiritual intelligence (SQ) of primary school students in Bhutan. Spiritual intelligence, denoted as SQ, provides a framework for deriving meaning from life's experiences, prompting individuals to view their goals and objectives as a continuous journey rather than a final destination. The home environment, encompassing dimensions such as physical, emotional, social, cultural, intellectual, moral, and nutritional aspects, plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's overall development. Each dimension contributes to the upbringing, influencing behavior, beliefs, and life perspectives. The research holds significance by offering valuable insights for primary education stakeholders and presenting practical strategies to enhance both academic and spiritual growth. The study aims to explore spiritual intelligence and the home environment, examine gender-based variations in spiritual intelligence and the home environment, and analyze the relationship between spiritual intelligence and the home environment among primary school students. Employing a descriptive survey method, the research is conducted among primary school students in Bhutan, utilizing a purposive sampling technique to select a diverse sample of 200 participants based on grade level (V and VI) and gender. Data collection involves a scale developed according to Dhar and Upinder (1971), various dimensions of spiritual intelligence were assessed by Dr. Santosh Dhar and Dr. Upinder Dhar (1971) assessing various dimensions of spiritual intelligence, and Dr. Karuna Shankar Misra's Home Environment Scale (HES), a comprehensive tool featuring 100 items designed to evaluate different aspects of the home environment. The conclusions underscore the intricate relationship between the home environment, spiritual intelligence, and gender dynamics among primary school students, providing valuable insights for educators, parents, and policymakers. Future research and interventions may delve into specific elements within the home environment contributing to spiritual intelligence, and explore the influence of gender on these dynamics.

Strategies for Stimulating Intrinsic Consciousness in the Training Process

This article is dedicated to the educational researchers and academia involved in the initial training of students. The educational process is based on a set of principles, and intrinsic consciousness in one of them. It guides personality development towards forming a self-concept and worldview. Furthermore, this principle stems from one of the four dimensions of spiritual intelligence, namely transcendental awareness, which focuses on developing consciousness and self-awareness. The principle of intrinsic consciousness entails engaging students in academic activities that demand complex cognitive processes, such as analysis, synthesis, reflection, imagination as well as other mental faculties based on intuition. In this context, training approaches and planning shall focus both on theoretical benchmarks, particularly on the model of spiritual intelligence and, more specifically, on transcendental awareness, and on methodological benchmarks, comprising the teaching strategies guiding the educational approach aimed at developing intrinsic consciousness. For this investigative approach, a strategy is a construct consisting of a harmonious combination of learning tasks and methods used in shaping the personality to be self-aware and conscious of the components of the relationship with the surrounding world. Moreover, academics can apply these strategies both in a formal context, in the planning of lectures and seminars on academic subjects, and in a non-formal context, as part of continuing education activities.

Communication competence, self-efficacy, and spiritual intelligence: evidence from nurses

IntroductionCommunication skills and acceptable levels of spiritual intelligence (SI) are the prerequisites of the nursing profession, which can significantly impact the individual and organizational performance of nurses. This study aimed to investigate the competency and self-efficacy of communication and its relationship with the SI of nurses.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 and included 312 nurses working in a COVID-19 hospital in the south of Iran. The data collection instruments were the Standard Communication Competence Scale, Communication Self-Efficacy, and SI Questionnaires. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 23 using descriptive and inferential statistics, and t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression were performed at 5% significance level.ResultsThe mean scores of nurses’ communication competence, communication self-efficacy, and SI were 89.11 ± 7.32 out of 180, 64.45 ± 5.61 out of 120, and 147.13 ± 11.26 out of 210, respectively. A direct and significant correlation was observed between competence (r = 0.527, p<0.001) and communication self-efficacy (r = 0.556, p<0.001) with spiritual intelligence. The dimensions of spiritual intelligence, including the ability to deal with and interact with problems, self-awareness, love and affection, general thinking and doctrinal dimension, and dealing with moral issues, were identified as predictors of nurses’ communicative competence and self-efficacy (p<0.05). There was a positive and significant correlation between nurses’ competence and self-efficacy with their age (p<0.05). The nurses’ mean communication competence and self-efficacy score were different regarding their level of education and the number of shifts (p<0.05). The mean scores of self-efficacy revealed a statistically significant difference between the participants’ gender and the number of patients under observation (p<0.05). Moreover, the nurses’ SI significantly correlated with age, and the mean scores of this intelligence had statistically significant differences regarding gender (p<0.05).ConclusionThe nurses’ communication competence and self-efficacy were at a moderate level. Considering the correlation and predictive role of SI and its dimensions, it is recommended to promote problem-solving skills, improve self-awareness, and pay attention to moral standards to nurture communication competence and self-efficacy among nurses.

Role of Spiritual Intelligence and Positive Thinking in the Prediction of Psychological Hardiness in Women Recovered from Addiction

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to explore the role of spiritual intelligence and positive thinking in the psychological hardiness of women who have recovered from addiction. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted based on a descriptive-correlational design. The research population included women who had quit addiction in addiction treatment centers in Districts 8 and 13 of Tehran in 2021. The participants were 150 women who were selected using simple random sampling. The data were collected using the Self-Report Measure of Spiritual Intelligence, Positive Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, and Psychological Hardiness Scale. The collected data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and synchronous multiple regression analysis by SPSS Software (V. 21). Results: The results showed that spiritual intelligence and positive thinking are significant predictors of psychological hardiness of women recovered from addiction (F=59.09; P&lt;0.001). It was also revealed that psychological hardiness is positively correlated with the dimensions of spiritual intelligence and components of positive thinking (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Following the findings of the present study, it can be suggested that spiritual intelligence and positive thinking can play a constructive and critical role in the recovery process of women with substance abuse. Moreover, spiritual intelligence and positive thinking can predict psychological hardiness in women quitting the addiction.

Spiritual Intelligence as a Predictor of Work Engagement and Quality of Work Life among Nurses

Background: Any organization's success is largely determined by how it recruits, motivates, and maintains its staff. As a result, organizations must implement a strategy that improves employees' quality of work life in order to meet both organizational and employee needs. When dealing with changes at work and boosting performance, employee engagement and spiritual intelligence are crucial aspects to consider. Aim: to assess the relationship between spiritual intelligence, work engagement and the quality of work life among nurses at Zagazig University Hospitals. Study design: The researchers utilized a descriptive correlational study design. The study took place at Zagazig University Hospitals (Academic Hospitals), Egypt. Study subjects: A stratified random sample was used and 384 nurses were chosen from the above mentioned setting. Tools of data collection: The data was gathered utilizing a four-part questionnaire sheet for staff nurses: Personal characteristics, spiritual intelligence self-assessment questionnaire, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), and quality of work life survey. Results: revealed that 74.5% of staff nurses have moderate quality of work life, while 95.3% and 82.6% of them had high spiritual intelligence and work engagement respectively with all domains. Conclusion: Spiritual intelligence was a good predictor of nurses' work engagement and quality of work life, with a statistically significant difference between all spiritual intelligence dimensions, work engagement, and quality of work life. Recommendation: It is suggested that a fair reward system be developed that includes both financial and non-financial rewards, as well as reducing feelings of nervousness, strain, frustration, and stress at work in order to improve the perceived quality of work life and enhance nurses' spiritual intelligence by encouraging them to participate in problem solving and decision-making, as well as providing adequate help and support.

Spiritual Intelligence and Relationship with Psychological Resilience in a Sample of Female Teachers in The Integration Schools in Jeddah: الذكاء الروحي لدى عينة من المعلمات في مدارس الدمج بجدة وعلاقته بالصمود النفسي

The study has aimed to identify the relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Psychological Resilience and the correlation relation between them for a sample of special education teachers by following the relational descriptive approach. The sample consisted of (134) female teachers who were selected randomly from the Integration Schools in Jeddah, the study adopted the statistical package program in social sciences (SPSS) to analyze the data. The spiritual intelligence scale was developed and prepared using the scales of Al-Shawi (2012), Ibrahim (2017) and the psychological resilience scale for Al-Tallaa (2016), the results yielded: the study sample has high level of spiritual intelligence and Psychological Resilience. There is a positive correlation and statistical function between the degrees of the study sample individuals on the spiritual intelligence scale and their degrees on the psychological resilience scale. The dimensions of spiritual intelligence (sense –excellence –merit) contribute to predicting psychological resilience for special education teachers. The most important recommendations were represented in the possibility of the teacher's contribution in implementing training programs to develop spiritual intelligence and psychological resilience. Increasing attention to psychological factors can help families with disabilities to cope with stress in life and creates a supportive group culture in the school environment to spread spiritual practices with educational staff.

Spiritual Intelligence and Employee Outcomes in an African Sample

A chorus of scholarly voices has echoed the significance of spiritual intelligence in organizational settings. This paper provides fresh insights by investigating the relationship between spiritual intelligence (SI) and workplace outcomes using David King's four-factor Spiritual Intelligence SelfReport Inventory (SISRI-24). The study was conducted in Nigeria, a sub-Saharan African country, using a sample of 216 employees of a private university selected in a non- probabilistic sample. There was a significant relationship between SI and workplace outcomes such as job performance, job commitment, and job satisfaction. However, the effects of the dimensions of SI on workplace outcomes are varied. These results bring to fore the existence of possible variations in the meaning and dimensions of spiritual intelligence; and their effects on workplace outcomes across contexts. As spiritual intelligence correlates with positive employee outcomes, organizations should invest in discovering, developing, and deploying this domain of intelligence.

The role of spiritual intelligence and dispositional forgiveness in predicting episodic forgiveness

ABSTRACT Relationships between spirituality and forgiveness have been of considerable interest to researchers. However, results of their studies remain ambiguous. In the present study, we explored associations between spiritual intelligence and forgiveness both as a state and as a trait. Respondents (605) aged 18–79 completed the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory, the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, and the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory. The results revealed that all aspects of spiritual intelligence showed positive correlations with most dimensions of trait forgiveness, whereas some showed a negative association with revenge and positive correlation with benevolence motivation. Moreover, different aspects of dispositional forgiveness mediated the link between two spiritual intelligence dimensions (personal meaning production and transcendental awareness) and episodic forgiveness.

A Proposed Framework for Psychological Well-Being Based on the Spiritual Intelligence Dimensions in the Elderly

A Proposed Framework for Psychological Well-Being Based on the Spiritual Intelligence Dimensions in the Elderly

Effects of spiritual intelligence from Islamic perspective on emotional intelligence

PurposeThe aim of this study is to develop a spiritual intelligence scale from an Islamic perspective. In addition, this research explores the relationship of spiritual intelligence from an Islamic perspective with emotional intelligence among the students of higher learning institutions in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 250 students from different higher learning institutions in Malaysia.FindingsThe findings of the study show the relationships of spiritual intelligence from an Islamic perspective and emotional intelligence. Statistically significant relationships were found between four dimensions of spiritual intelligence from an Islamic perspective (e.g. transcendental awareness, meaning of life, patience and forgiveness) and emotional intelligence.Originality/valueThe contribution of human intelligence in the development higher learning institution is remarkable. Most research found on spiritual intelligence is from traditional and Western perspective with very limited studies found from an Islamic perspective. The purpose of the current study is to construct a spiritual intelligence from an Islamic perspective and empirically validate the items. The study also looks for relationships of spiritual intelligence from an Islamic perspective and emotional intelligence among the students of higher learning institutions.

Spiritual Intelligence a Source of Improved Employee Performance Through Organization Commitment

The purpose of this study is to present an analysis on the impact of the of Spiritual intelligence on the Organization commitment of the employees and also on the employee performance, it also involves a study of the mediating role of the Organization commitment between the Spiritual intelligence and employee performance in the Telecom sector of Pakistan. Relationship of the seven major themes of the spiritual intelligence also known as dimensions of spiritual intelligence have also been individually tested with organization commitment. Questionnaire distribution method was used to conduct this research. The total numbers of respondents were 258 in which the respondents of belonged to different service providers and mobile phone operators. People surveyed are all employees of the stated companies. The findings of this research paper indicate that all of the dimensions spiritual intelligence are positively correlated with the organization commitment and there is a significant evidence that the organization commitment serves as a mediator between the Spiritual intelligence and Employee performance. This paper encourages the companies that they should on the development and promotion of the spiritual intelligence in the employees in order to increase their level of organization commitment and performance.Keywords –Spiritual intelligence, dimensions of spiritual intelligence , Organization commitment, Employee performance.

Spiritual Intelligence as a Correlate of Mental Health of Male and Female University Students

This study aimed to observe the effect of spiritual intelligence on mental health among university students. The sample comprised o f200 university students (100 males & 100 females) doing post-graduation with the age range of 19-27 years. The tools used for data collection were The Spiritual Intelligence Scale (King, 2008) and The Mental Health Inventory (MHI-38) (The RAND Corporation, 1983). Pearson's Product Moment Correlation was applied to find out the effect of four dimensions of spiritual intelligence (i.e.. Critical Existential Thinking, Personal Meaning Production, Transcendental Awareness & Conscious State Expansion) on the six component of mental health (i.e.. Anxiety, Depression, Loss of Behavioral/Emotional Control, General Positive Affect, Emotional Ties & Life Satisfaction). The results depicted that among male students: Anxiety had a negative and a significant correlation with personal meaning production, transcendental awareness and conscious state of expansion. Depression had a negative and a significant correlation with personal meaning production and transcendental awareness. Loss of behavioral/emotional control had a negative and a significant correlation with personal meaning production and transcendental awareness. General positive affect was positively and significantly correlated with conscious state of expansion. Whereas, the result revealed that among female students: Loss of behavioral/emotional control was significantly and a negatively correlation with personal meaning production and consciousness state of expansion. General positive affect had a significant and positive correlation with conscious state of expansion. Life satisfaction was significantly and positively correlated with personal meaning production and conscious state of expansion. Thus, it can be concluded that spiritual intelligence had a positive effect on mental health of the selected sample.

A STUDY OF SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE AMONG POST GRADUATE STUDENTS

Purpose: The major objective of this study was to study Spiritual Intelligence among post graduate students. Operational Terms: Spiritual intelligence is defined as the intelligence essential to realize inner self. It focuses on accommodative and wise utilization of spiritual information to solve problems and achieve goals. Methodology: This study undertakes a survey of the post graduate male and female students of Sirsa District (Haryana) to determine their spiritual intelligence. A sample of 100 students and their responses to different dimensions of Spiritual Intelligence (Critical Existential Awareness, Personal Production, Transcendental Awareness and Conscious State Awareness) were collected using a standardized tool “Spiritual Intelligence self-inventory” developed by David. King (2008). In order to evaluate the responses, t-test was applied. Results: The results revealed that there is no significant difference in spiritual intelligence between male and female post graduate students.

Spiritual intelligence dimensions and life regard index in Iranian veterans suffering post-traumatic stress disorder with and without substance abuse history

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among some combatants was one of the Iran–Iraq War problems. Moreover, this disorder has a high comorbidity with other kinds of disorders like substance abuse as in the case of some Iran–Iraq War veterans. This study examined the effect of some individual psychological factors on these veterans' substance abuse. Among these factors, this study seeks to find the existence of difference between spiritual intelligence and life regard index of veterans with no history of substance abuse comparing with veterans with substance abuse history. Therefore, 120 PTSD veterans hospitalized in Shahid Rajaee Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, were studied during a 9-month period. Half were with and half were without substance abuse; they were also matched on demographic characteristics. There was a significant difference between spiritual intelligence and life regard index and also spiritual life and fulfillment sub-scales of those with history of substance abuse and those without. Conversely, no significant difference was observed on sub-scales of understanding, relationship with the Origin of Essence and fulfillment. Therefore, it can be concluded that dimensions of spiritual intelligence and positive life regard development could help to deter substance abuse, as well as accelerate recovery.

The relationship between spiritual intelligence and personality traits among Jordanian university students.

This study was aimed at identifying the level of spiritual intelligence and its correlation with personality traits among a group of Jordanian undergraduate students. A purposive sample of 716 male and female students was chosen from different faculties at the Hashemite University. Two questionnaires on spiritual intelligence and personality traits were distributed to members of the sample during the academic year 2013–2014. Results illustrated a medium level of spiritual intelligence in students, and indicated a positive and statistically significant relationship between spiritual intelligence dimensions (critical existential thinking, personal meaning production, transcendental awareness, and conscious state expansion) and personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness), but no significant correlation between personal meaning production and transcendental awareness dimensions and neuroticism personality traits. Finally, regression analysis results indicate that critical existential thinking is the first predictor dimension of spiritual intelligence in terms of neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. In the light of the results of this study, many recommendations were written by the researchers.

The Effect of Self-Esteem and Family Environment on the Dimensions of Spiritual Intelligence of the Pre-Service Teachers at the Secondary Stage

The objectives of the study were to study the differences between Low & High SelfEsteem and Non Congenial & Congenial Family Environment groups of Pre Service Teachers at the Secondary Stage on the dimensions of Spiritual Intelligence, and to study the double interaction effects of the variables of Self-Esteem and Family Environment on the dimensions of Spiritual Intelligence in respect of the Pre Service Teachers at the Secondary Stage. The results of ANOVA showed that Low and High Self-Esteem groups exhibited no significant differences on the variables of Transcendence, Interconnectedness, Expansion of Self, Extrasensory Perception and Existential Enquiry. In case of Family Environment groups- Non Congenial and Congenial, the differences were found significant on the variables of Transcendence and Interconnectedness in favour of Congenial Family Environment and no significant differences were found on the variables of Expansion of Self, Extrasensory Perception and Existential Enquiry. The double interaction effects of the variables of Self-Esteem and Family Environment were not significant on all the dimensions of Spiritual Intelligence.