Dimensions Of Solidarity Research Articles

The Moral Economy of Solidarity: A Longitudinal Study of Special Needs Teachers

Based on a longitudinal study of a Pupil Referral Unit (PRU) in England for children excluded from mainstream schools and utilising a moral economy lens, this article explores how solidarity is created and maintained in a very particular community of teachers and learning support assistants (LSAs). A moral economy approach highlights the centrality of people’s moral norms and values for understanding the multi-layered dimensions of solidarity in organisations and how it changes in the context of transformations in the labour process. The article illustrates how teachers and LSAs rely on mutuality, underpinned by moral norms of justice, and values of care, dignity and recognition, to cope with physically and emotionally demanding work that is under-resourced and undervalued. The analysis reveals that solidarity is not only against unjust workplace regimes, but also for connectivity and a humanised labour process.

No solidarity without liberty. Why is it so tricky to comprehend solidarity as a political ideal?

It seems complicated for contemporary literature in political science to use the concept of solidarity with a normative intention at the state level. If the concept experienced a boom in Europe at the end of the 19th century, it is supplanted today by other terms such as justice or the welfare state. In this article, I explore the following hypothesis: it is difficult to use the concept of solidarity because it conflicts with individual liberty, which is the cause of a specifically liberal caution concerning this concept. Contemporary liberal thinkers would prefer to ignore solidarity as a value because it has several characteristics that cause tension. I will mainly dwell on the binding dimension of solidarity and its relation to the centrality of individual liberty in liberalism .

Shifting Boundaries of Membership: The politicisation of free movement as a challenge for EU citizenship

AbstractThis article discusses freedom of movement under the lens of shifting boundaries of membership and traces the tension between the political and the economic rationale of European integration. It first reflects on the normativity of free movement and links it to the foundations of modern democratic citizenship. Subsequently, it discusses the role of free movement in the construction of EU citizenship and argues that the genesis in market integration casts a long shadow which hinders EU citizenship's potential to fully display the logic of political and social equality. Under current conditions of huge wealth discrepancies between member states, the prevailing form of horizontal integration necessarily brings about a tension between mobility and solidarity, which in turn creates a barrier for further developing EU citizenship. It is concluded that strengthening an intra‐European dimension of solidarity is needed in order to substantiate the right to move as an equal European citizenship right.

Unravelling Economic Solidarity: A Systemic View on Risk-Sharing in the European Banking Sector

The policy contribution aims to overcome the unfertile debate that opposes the notions of risk-sharing and risk reduction, by examining the concepts of economic solidarity and responsibility, with a particular focus on the Banking Union and some of its unresolved crisis management issues. The contribution adopts a money-centric view on banking, which highlights the interconnectedness between monetary policy design and the banking sector, arguing that both principles of solidarity and responsibility are interconnected and must, therefore, be included in the architecture of the EU’s financial system. The empirical review comparatively examines the EU and US cases in order to draw concrete lessons from them. The contribution concludes by briefly proposing the enhancement of a solidarity dimension in the Banking Union design.

Intergenerational language transmission in Quebec: patterns and predictors in the light of provincial language planning

ABSTRACT The study presented here is the first empirical investigation of the patterns and predictors of the intergenerational transmission of French in Quebec. An online questionnaire was used to gather data from 274 parents from different mother tongue (L1) groups: L1 French, L1 English, L1 French and English, and L1 Other. The results show that L1 French-and-English-speaking parents and L1 Other parents displayed particularly low rates of French transmission. Three variables were found to be significant predictors of the intergenerational transmission of French: having it as one’s L1, high proficiency, and positive attitudes towards the language on the solidarity dimension. The same three variables were also found to be significant predictors for the intergenerational transmission of English in Quebec, indicating that they may not be merely language-specific. Not significant for either French or English were language used with partner, attitudes on the status dimension, Quebec-based social identity, migration background, and location within Quebec. Further research is needed to ascertain whether the identified predictors are context-specific, and what other variables are at play. The article discusses the implications of this study’s findings for theory as well as for language planning in Quebec, and especially the potential effectiveness of acquisition and prestige planning.

Youth engagement on health as a political issue

Abstract Background In France, young people do not participate in the development of health policy. The latter is built on a representation of the young person who, because of his age, cannot have an opinion and proposals for his health and improve that of others. However, different young people are involved in health actions and propose improvements for the health system and prevention. The communication concerns the ’Re’Pairs Santé’, young people who are committed with Unis-Cité, a national association, to developing health actions with other young people. Methods 20 ’Re’Pairs santé’ were interviewed in 3 French cities on their motivation for this engagement. Similarly, 80 young beneficiaries of their actions were met in focus groups to get their perception of Re’Pairs santé. Results The engagement of Re’Pairs santé is part of a dimension of solidarity, and on their experience as young people to change the way adults and public policies are represented. For other young people, if there is an improvement in their health knowledge, half of them are involved in other local associations and/or are involved in changing health within their own structure. Conclusions Health is not a minority issue both in the daily lives of young people and as a potential source of engagement. The Re’Pairs santé investment allows other young people to get involved in other structures. Thus, the social impact is not limited to the transmission of health information but promotes social cohesion and the development of social capital. The place and role of young people in the development of public health policies must be better valued and legitimized in order to better meet their expectations but also to destigmatize a population that has many resources. Key messages Fostering youth engagement on health. Youth should be considered as a resource for health policies.

The Influence of Place Attachment on Social Distance: Examining Mediating Effects of Emotional Solidarity and the Moderating Role of Interaction

Building on common identity theory and intergroup contact theory, this study sought to further understanding of people–place relationships by developing a holistic theoretical model to scrutinize place attachment as an antecedent of social distance, mediated by emotional solidarity and moderated by frequency of contact between tourists and residents. Visitor data analyzed with SEM revealed that place dependence is a significant predictor of social distance given it affects affinity positively and avoidance negatively, both of which are mediated by the three dimensions of emotional solidarity. Furthermore, the mediated relationships (via emotional solidarity) between place attachment and social distance vary by level of visitors’ frequency of interaction with residents. This study expands current theorization by examining the merits of emotional solidarity as an affective link in a tourist cognitive-behavioral model. From a practical standpoint, DMOs need to understand these construct linkages and include residents in their marketing strategies to increase repeat visitation.

Solidarity, job satisfaction, and turnover intent in employees

Purpose While the role of solidarity in the workplace has been examined in previous research, it is still an important component of the workplace for Japanese employees. The purpose of this paper is to integrate findings on solidarity at the workplace, job satisfaction and intent to turnover. A moderated mediation model is hypothesized where solidarity predicts intent to turnover via job satisfaction, but the strength of this whole mediation process is moderated by employees’ length of working overtime or working long hours. Design/methodology/approach The data analyzed in this study were acquired from the Japanese General Social Survey 2010, which was administered to 527 men and 278 women. Findings The results generally supported the assumptions; the proposed mediation model proved to be statistically significant, even when background covariates were introduced into the model to control for pre-existing differences. Also, the proposed moderated mediation model was supported; solidarity strongly increased job satisfaction when working overtime was low. Research limitations/implications Because of measurement of solidarity, this study results may limit the generalizability. Researchers should explore the relationship between the dimension of solidarity and job satisfaction. Practical implications The paper includes the implications for human resource management, the developing of solidarity at the workplace and for managing the strain of working overtime. Originality/value This study was the first to examine the relationship between solidarity at the workplace and job satisfaction and the moderating effects of working overtime.

The evaluation of unfilled pauses: Limits of the prestige, solidarity and dynamism dimensions

This study compares the evaluation of unfilled pauses with speech without such pauses. The comparison is based on a set of perception surveys, in which participants listened to manipulated audio stimuli and rated them on a series of scales. Results provide evidence of pauses being evaluated on a prestige and a dynamism dimension. Guises with pauses are rated as more articulate, educated, etc., but they are equally rated as less assertive, confident, etc. than guises without pauses. Differential evaluation does not occur on the solidarity dimension. This study also confirms that the evaluation of pauses is multidimensional and variable as topic or stance interact with the evaluation of guises.

THE ACCEPTABILITY OF PARTICIPATORY BANKING PRODUCTS BY SMES: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Designed to contribute to the development of the real economy, the Islamic banking sector has grown significantly in the world during the last 40 years due to its ethical, religious and solidarity dimensions. It is set up to boost the banking system, to meet the needs of unmet customers and to give new hope to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) facing difficulties in accessing conventional bank financing. Islamic banks can contribute to the development of these companies and satisfy their financial needs. This article discusses the different factors influencing the decision of SME managers to adopt financing by participatory banks products. In this sense, the conceptual model presented is intended to study the level of acceptability of the participatory banks products by the SMEs starting from the application of the decomposed theory of planned behavior and the task-technology fit model.

Intergenerational Religious Participation in Adolescence and Provision of Assistance to Older Mothers.

This investigation examined the association between intergenerational religious activities in adolescence and provision of assistance to older mothers up to 45 years later. Guided by perspectives of the life course and intergenerational solidarity, this research tested whether children's early religious participation with mothers predicted the amount of assistance children later provided, whether mothers' disability and widowhood served as moderators of this relationship, and whether any such moderation was mediated by emotional closeness, geographic proximity, and eldercare norms. Data derived from 220 adolescents who participated in the Longitudinal Study of Generations in 1971, and up to four follow-up surveys between 1997 and 2016, yielding 608 person-year observations. Multilevel regression predicted the amount of assistance provided to older mothers as a function of early religious participation with mothers, physical and social vulnerability of mothers, and dimensions of intergenerational solidarity with mothers in later life. Results revealed elevated levels of assistance provided by children who earlier engaged in intermittent and regular religious activities with mothers. The relationship between regular religious activities and assistance was stronger for assistance to widowed mothers than to married mothers, and this moderation was partially mediated by emotional closeness and geographic proximity. This research confirmed that early family conditions structure informal resources available to older parents. Religious socialization during an impressionable period of life produced emergent benefits at a point in the family life-cycle when intergenerational solidarity becomes important for well-being in later life.

Solidarity against healthcare access restrictions on undocumented immigrants in Spain: the REDER case study

BackgroundIn the context of public expenditure reduction and cuts, in 2012, the Spanish government approved the RDL 16/2012, which significantly affected the core values of the national health system. The measure particularly affected undocumented immigrants over 18 years of age, excluding them from accessing the full range of healthcare services in Spain, except for emergency care. In 2014, Red de Denuncia y Resistencia al RDL 16/2012 (REDER) was created as a public awareness and resistance network to defend universal access to healthcare and to stop its infringement. This study aims to analyse the social impact of REDER as a solidarity movement in response to the exclusion of undocumented immigrants from their universal right to health.MethodsQualitative research methodologies were used for the research. Data were collected between November 2017 and December 2017, using eight semi-structured interviews with key informants from the main REDER stakeholders. Additionally, key publications, documents, and presentations of researchers and experts in the field were analysed. For data analysis, a framework extracted from the literature on exclusionary and transformative dimensions of solidarity was used to identify barriers and drivers in REDER’s intervention.ResultsFrom its creation to the present, REDER has been able to achieve many of its objectives to defend the right to medical care of groups in irregular situations, contributing to the identification of 4,755 cases of discrimination in healthcare access and helping solve over 90% of these cases by delivering either healthcare assistance or administrative support. REDER has also played an important role in: stimulating social activation and empowering citizens to claim their fundamental rights, organising actions against restrictions on accessibility and creating synergies to restore universal healthcare coverage.ConclusionsREDER has been shown to be effective in leading the defence of universal healthcare rights, and some achievements in the years following 2012 could be directly attributed to the work done by the network, such as the elimination of legal requirements to obtain health cards or the reduction of the minimum time required to access healthcare. Despite context particularities, the initiatives and main actions of this network may be implemented in other settings that are facing similar limitations to healthcare access, in order to address injustices and promote solidarity.

한국 청년의 세대 간 양가성과 세대 간 결속의 연관성 탐색

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between intergenerational ambivalence and the structural, associational, consensual, functional, and normative dimensions of intergenerational solidarity among young adults in Korea. Data for this study were collected from 1,019 young adults in Korea aged 19-34, who had never been married and had two living parents. Intergenerational ambivalence toward the father and the mother was analyzed separately using multiple regression analyses. The findings show that the young adults experienced low levels of ambivalence toward their parents in general. The young adults tended to have more ambivalent feelings toward their fathers than toward their mothers. The associational, consensual, functional, and normative dimensions of solidarity were significantly related to levels of intergenerational ambivalence. Specifically, young adults experienced higher levels of ambivalence toward their parents when they had more frequent face-to-face contact with their parents, received more frequent financial support from their parents, or had stronger attitudes toward their parents’ support. In contrast, young adults who agreed more with the norm of filial responsibility experienced lower levels of ambivalence toward their parents. Consensual solidarity was significantly related to levels of ambivalence toward the mother only. This study contributes to the literature by explaining the intergenerational relations of young adults in Korea from the lens of intergenerational ambivalence, which has not yet studied for young adults. The results of this study suggest that intergenerational ambivalence and intergenerational solidarity could theoretically complement each other.

Pope Francis and the Christological Dimensions of Solidarity in Catholic Social Teaching

Solidarity is a central aspect of the Catholic social tradition and yet it is difficult to capture in a simple definition. Building upon his predecessor’s examination of solidarity, Pope Francis develops solidarity’s christological character, a previously underdeveloped aspect of Catholic social teaching. Francis’s use of place and proclamation in public ministry calls for an ethic of inclusion and encounter. Francis turns to the Incarnation as informing a theology of solidarity focused on both Jesus as model of solidarity and of lived solidarity as an encounter with Christ.

European Solidarity at a Crossroads? Citizens’ Attitudes and Political Behaviors in Europe

Many observers have voiced their concerns that solidarity is at risk in Europe. Given this wider context, we are urgently in need of sound empirical analyses examining the various dimensions of solidarity in Europe. Public debates focus on solidarity in many respects but there is to date a lack of empirical evidence to draw upon to inform them. In this context, this special issue emerges from research conducted in the European Union–funded research project TransSOL devoted to the study of European solidarity (“European Paths to Transnational Solidarity in Times of Crisis”) running from 2015 to 2018. The project received funding under the Horizon 2020 program (Grant Agreement No. 649435). Christian Lahusen at the University of Siegen coordinated the overall project and Maria Grasso at the University of Sheffield coordinated the population survey for the project. The TransSOL survey includes approximately 2,000 respondents from each of the eight countries of the project (total N ~ 16,000): Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. In the context of the project, the aim of the cross-national survey was to build a comparative dataset that would allow us to answer our theoretically relevant questions of interest on European solidarity such as those discussed in this introduction and in the other articles of this special issue. The articles in this special issue all analyze the data from this original survey dataset to shed systematic light into key theoretically-driven research questions on various aspects of European solidarity.

Visitors’ Place Attachment and Destination Loyalty: Examining the Roles of Emotional Solidarity and Perceived Safety

Hosting ethnically and culturally rich religious festivals provides visitors a glimpse into how a sense of togetherness and faith are not only established but strengthened through shared beliefs and ritualistic behavior. This research examines visitors’ destination loyalty through their emotional bonding with place, the emotional solidarity they experience with residents, and their perceived level of safety. Based on data collected from 813 visitors during the Attur Church Feast in Karkala, India, the results indicated that place attachment directly influences loyalty and two dimensions of emotional solidarity and, in turn, emotional solidarity has a positive effect on loyalty. Additionally, it was found that emotional solidarity partially mediates the effect of place attachment on destination loyalty. Finally, employing a moderated mediation analysis, visitor level of perceived safety at the festival partially moderated the indirect effect of place attachment on destination loyalty through emotional solidarity.

The Reciprocity Dimension of Solidarity: Insights from Three European Countries

The article argues that closer attention to how solidarity is understood and expressed in different European contexts can shed light on the conditions for establishing a social and solidarity economy. Drawing on data collected within the H2020 SOLIDUS project, which explores current expressions of European solidarity, the comparative analysis covers three social economy initiatives, each representing a country with different political and economic context. The analysis focuses on solidarity as reciprocity and, in particular, how it is affected by such factors as actor motivations, internal participatory functioning, resource mix and political legitimacy. While further empirical work is needed, the findings suggest that solidarity as reciprocity produced by social and solidarity economy organisations thrives where political institutions are both supportive and trusted, where public funding is accessible, and where partnerships with relatively autonomous social and solidarity economy organisations are genuinely collaborative.

Do European trade unions foster social solidarity? Evidence from multilevel data in 18 countries

AbstractTrade unions have been analysed quantitatively primarily in their role as vested interest organisations, attempting to quantify the excludable benefits they provide to members rather than examine their wider impact in an institutional context. Power resource theory acknowledges unions as social agents but assumes the willingness to oppose neoliberalism is constant, limited only by scarce power resources. Whilst true in general terms, this fails to explain trends of increasing labour market dualism in resource‐rich industrial relations regimes. This article examines social solidarity as a union power resource, measuring the impact of trade union membership on social attitudes of solidarity. Data were collected from the 2016 European Social Survey for 18 countries, grouped into five distinct industrial relations regimes. The findings suggest that, at European level, union membership still has a significant effect on all dimensions of social solidarity, but these relationships vary significantly across industrial relations regimes.

POR UMA SOCIOLOGIA DO CUIDADO: REFLEXÕES PARA ALÉM DO CAMPO DA SAÚDE

Resumo Embora a pesquisa sobre o cuidado esteja predominantemente associada ao campo da saúde, os estudos sociológicos ressaltam que os elementos que o influenciam não se restringem a ele, na medida em que é a expressão de apoio social intenso e atributo fundamental para a manutenção da vida coletiva. Objetivou-se hipervisibilizar a dimensão sociológica do cuidado para problematizar sua transposição como fator necessário à vida social para uma ação técnica de saúde. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura, entre 2003 e 2013, na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Francis (Ovid), ProQuest Central, Academic Search Premier (EBSCOhost), Jstor e Sage, com o unitermo cuidado e variantes. De 262 artigos identificados, foram selecionados 15 sobre as dimensões sociais do cuidado. Observou-se que o cuidado aludiu à solidariedade e qualidade da interação entre sujeitos nas microrrelações e nas macroestruturas, diferenciando-se de sua aplicação técnica/tecnológica em saúde; e também que é mais abrangente defini-lo sociologicamente do que pela especificidade de um ato, pois inclui dimensões de solidariedade, respeito, zelo e ajuda mútua para a conservação da vida. Concluiu-se que uma abordagem sociológica do cuidado é necessária, contribuindo inclusive para o campo da saúde.

Editorial del Nº 15 de la Revista Perspectivas de Políticas Públicas

Editorial del Nº 15 de la Revista Perspectivas de Políticas Públicas