Dimensions Of Questionnaire Research Articles

Health-related quality of life among people with diabetes: A cross-sectional study in Hail region, Saudi Arabia ​.

Diabetes Mellitus is a serious and expanding health problem, together with the issues of health- related quality of life (HRQoL). This further puts pressure on the government to allocate more funds for public healthcare. This study was devised to evaluate the health-related quality of life of people living with diabetes in Hail region of Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional research was carried out at eight locations in the Hail region of Saudi Arabia between 21st March-20th May 2022 using the adapted version of the Euro QoL-5 dimension (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire. A multistage random sample approach was used to choose the diabetes clinics, and data collectors approached the participants in the waiting areas to collect the information. The data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis, Mann-Whitney test, and Kruskal-Wallis tests in IBM SPSS statistics 21.0. The mean HRQoL score was 0.71±0.21 with a visual analog score of 68.4±16.2. Despite having much higher levels of quality of life in terms of self-care (85.8%), regular activity (73.8%) and anxiety (71.8%), nearly one half of the people reported moderate pain or discomfort, and more than one third reported having moderate mobility issues. In general, the quality of life for women was poorer than for men. Individuals with diabetes who were unmarried, young, educated, financially secure, and taking only oral medication had much improved HRQoL. The Euro QoL of people with diabetes patients were significantly influenced by gender, marital status, age, education, employment and treatment modality (p-values < 0.05), whereas only treatment modality had a significant impact on the patients' visual analogue measures (p-values < 0.05). The HRQoL of people with diabetes in Hail region was moderate in general, with pain and mobility issues being particularly prevalent. Gender, marital status, age, education, employment and type of medication therapy are significant predictors of HRQoL of patients with diabetes. Hence, planning and programs to enhance the HRQoL of people with diabetes, especially women is recommended.

Dapagliflozin and quality of life measured using the EuroQol 5-dimension questionnaire in patients with heart failure with reduced and mildly reduced/preserved ejection fraction.

Although much is known about the usefulness of heart failure (HF)-specific instruments for assessing patient well-being, less is known about the value of generic instruments for the measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in HF. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) visual analogue scale (VAS) and index scores, clinical characteristics, and outcomes in patients with HF and the effect of dapagliflozin on these scores. We performed a patient-level pooled analysis of the DAPA-HF and DELIVER trials, which investigated the effectiveness and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and mildly reduced/preserved ejection fraction (HFmrEF/HFpEF), respectively. Patients reporting higher (better) EQ-5D-5L VAS and index scores had a lower prevalence of comorbidities, including atrial fibrillation and hypertension, than patients with a worse score. They were also more likely to have better investigator-reported (New York Heart Association class) and patient-self-reported (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire) health status and lower median N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels. Compared to patients with the lowest scores (Q1), those with higher EQ-5D-5L VAS scores had better outcomes: the hazard ratio for the composite of cardiovascular death or worsening HF was 0.81 (95% confidence interval 0.72-0.91) in Q2, 0.74 (0.65-0.84) in Q3, and 0.62 (0.54-0.72) in Q4. The risk of each component of the composite outcome, and all-cause death, was also lower in patients with better scores. Similar findings were observed for the index score. Treatment with dapagliflozin improved both EQ-5D-5L VAS and index scores across the range of ejection fraction. Both higher (better) EQ-5D-5L VAS and index scores were associated with better outcomes. Dapagliflozin treatment improved EQ-5D-5L VAS and index scores, irrespective of ejection fraction.

Delayed Fixation of Acetabular Fractures Affects Functional Outcomes and Health-Related Quality of Life, Not Just Quality of Reduction.

Delayed operative fixation of acetabular fractures remains a major problem in many parts of the world. No previous studies have reported the effect of fixation delay on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We aimed to investigate the effect of delayed operative fixation of acetabular fractures on health-related quality of life, EuroQol-5 Dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D), and other related outcomes. We retrospectively analysed 117 patients who underwent open reduction internal fixation for displaced acetabular fractures between 2014 and 2021. Patients were divided into groups based on the admission-to-surgery time (interval between injury and definitive surgery): 1-14, 15-21, and >21days. Patients were analysed for associations between admission-to-surgery time and postoperative outcomes, including operative time, estimated blood loss, blood transfusion, postoperative complication, and quality of reduction. Eighty-five patients with a mean follow-up time of 3.94 ± 1.84years were analysed for the association between admission-to-surgery time and conversion to total hip arthroplasty, the Modified Merle d'Aubigné and Postel score, EQ-5D score, ability to sit cross-legged, and ability to sit squat. Multivariable linear regression was used for continuous outcomes and logistic regression for categorical outcomes associated with delayed operative fixation. An admission-to-surgery time > 14days was associated with significantly higher blood loss [785mL (236-1335), p = 0.006]. For associated fractures, an admission-to-surgery time > 21days increased the risk of poor reduction [odds ratio (OR), 5.21 (1.42-19.11), p = 0.013]. Further, admission-to-surgery time > 21days was associated with poor Modified Merle d'Aubigné and Postel scores [OR, 8.46 (1.48-48.29), p = 0.016], EQ-5D pain domain [OR, 3.55 (1.15-11), p = 0.028], and EQ-5D usual activity domain [OR, 4.24 (1.28-14), p = 0.018]. Delayed operative fixation of acetabular fractures after 21days affected the functional outcomes and HRQOL, independent of the reduction status. Surgical interventions and patient referrals should occur at the earliest and within 21days from the time of injury. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-024-01163-x.

Application Analysis of Low-Pressure Perfusion Combined with Occluder in Holmium Laser Lithotripsy for Patients with Middle and Upper Ureteral Calculi.

Ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy has become one of the main methods of treating ureteral calculi. However, in the treatment of middle and upper ureteral calculi, ureteroscopy is difficult to operate owing to the high location of calculi. Thus, how to improve the treatment effect and reduce the stone migration has become the focus in clinical settings. On this basis, we evaluated the application effect of low-pressure perfusion combined with occluder in holmium laser lithotripsy for patients with middle and upper ureteral calculi. This retrospective study selected 107 patients with middle and upper ureteral calculi who underwent low-pressure perfusion combined with ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy from January 2021 to December 2022. We excluded 7 patients who did not meet the criteria, and ultimately included 100 patients. According to whether the occluder was used during the surgery, 100 patients were divided into groups A (n = 52, occluder) and B (n = 48, without occluder). The stone-migration rate during surgery, stone-clearance rate at 3 months after surgery, perioperative indicators, postoperative complication rate, and postoperative quality of life between the two groups were compared. The stone-migration rate in group A was significantly lower than that in group B, with statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Both groups had no significant difference in stone-clearance rate at 3 months after surgery (p > 0.05). Group A had a significantly lower index of EuroQol (EQ) Five Dimensions Questionnaire and significantly higher score of EQ-Visual Analogue Scale than group B (all p < 0.001). Compared with the simple application of low-pressure perfusion, the combined application of low-pressure perfusion and occluder in ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy can effectively reduce the stone migration and improve the postoperative quality of life.

Predictive Care Improves Recovery Status and Complications after Ureteral Calculi Surgery: A Retrospective Study.

Predictive care in patients undergoing ureteroscopic stone surgery has emerged as a promising approach. Thus, this study aims to enhance personalised nursing plans and reduce the risk of complications by conducting predictive analysis of possible risks early in the treatment and nursing process. Clinical data were collected from 108 patients who underwent ureteroscopic stone surgery and were admitted to our hospital between January 2020 and January 2023. Patients were divided into a control group (conventional nursing, n = 53) and an observation group (predictive care, n = 55) based on the nursing method, and various clinical indicators were compared between the two groups of surgical patients. No significant difference in general data was found between the two groups (p > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the first time to exhaust gas (p < 0.05), the first time to get out of bed (p < 0.05), the time to exhaust stone (p < 0.05), the first time to defecate (p < 0.05) and the length of hospital stay (p < 0.05) in the observation group were shorter; 1 day after surgery, no significant differences in all dimensions of the general comfort questionnaire (GCQ) score were found; 2 days after surgery, the GCQ score in all dimensions of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Predictive nursing can effectively improve the patients with ureteral calculi, accelerate the process of postoperative recovery and reduce the occurrence of complications; Thus, this process is worthy of widespread clinical promotion.

The Evolution of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery: Assessing the Clinical Benefits of Developments Within Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocols in Adult Cervical Deformity Surgery.

Retrospective cohort. To investigate the impact of evolving Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols on outcomes after cervical deformity (CD) surgery. ERAS can help accelerate patient recovery and assist hospitals in maximizing the incentives of bundled payment models while maintaining high-quality patient care. However, there remains a paucity of literature assessing how developments have impacted outcomes after adult CD surgery. Patients with operative CD 18 years or older with pre-baseline and 2 years (2Y) postoperative data, who underwent ERAS protocols, were stratified by increasing implantation of ERAS components: (1) early (multimodal pain program), (2) intermediate (early protocol + paraspinal blocks, early ambulation), and (3) late (early/intermediate protocols + comprehensive prehabilitation). Differences in demographics, clinical outcomes, radiographic alignment targets, perioperative factors, and complication rates were assessed through Bonferroni-adjusted means comparison analysis. A total of 131 patients were included (59.4 ± 11.7 y, 45% females, 28.8 ± 6.0 kg/m 2 ). Of these patients, 38.9% were considered "early," 36.6% were "intermediate," and 24.4% were "late." Perioperatively, rates of intraoperative complications were lower in the late group ( P = 0.036). Postoperatively, discharge disposition differed significantly between cohorts, with late patients more likely to be discharged to home versus early or intermediate cohorts [χ 2 (2) = 37.973, P < 0.001]. In terms of postoperative disability recovery, intermediate and late patients demonstrated incrementally improved 6 W modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scores ( P = 0.004), and late patients maintained significantly higher mean Euro-QOL 5-Dimension Questionnaire and modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scores by 1 year ( P < 0.001, P = 0.026). By 2Y, cohorts demonstrated incrementally increasing SWAL-QOL scores (all domains P < 0.028) domain scores versus early or intermediate cohorts. By 2Y, incrementally decreasing reoperation was observed in early versus intermediate versus late cohorts ( P = 0.034). The present study demonstrates that patients enrolled in an evolving ERAS program demonstrate incremental improvement in preoperative optimization and candidate selection, greater likelihood of discharge to home, decreased postoperative disability and dysphasia burden, and decreased likelihood of intraoperative complications and reoperation rates.

A comparative study of the Hungarian-speaking Roma population living in the Carpathian Basin with regard to obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic

AbstractIntroductionObesity is the most threatening non-infectious disease of our time, the basis of many chronic diseases, increasing the mortality rate. The Roma ethnic minority is particularly affected.Materials and methodsCross-sectional–questionnaire and physical–survey in rural settlements of Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, where Roma live with the non-Roma, Hungarian-speaking population (N = 1893).ResultsThe average BMI of the Hungarian (P &lt; 0.001) and Romanian (P = 0.018) samples was significantly higher than that of the Slovak sample. In the case of Roma and non-Roma subjects, we found a significant difference in Hungary (P = 0.006) based on body composition, as well as in the case of visceral fat (P &lt; 0.001). The extremely obese (&lt;40 BMI) are mostly low educated in Romania and Hungary (P &lt; 0.001), while those in normal weight have a tertiary education in Slovakia (P = 0.027). Hungarian Roma and non-Roma participants show significant differences in the physical activity dimension of the SF-36 questionnaire (P &lt; 0.001), as well as in Romania (P &lt; 0.001) and Slovakia (P = 0.002).ConclusionsIn summary, it can be stated that rural Roma subjects in Hungary are in the worst situation in terms of obesity in the three countries studied. In our study, the results in Slovakia clearly suggest a healthier lifestyle.

Parenting style and child mental health at preschool age: evidence from rural China

BackgroundMental health problems among children at preschool age are a common issue across the world. As shown in literature, a caregiver’s parenting style can play a critical role in child development. This study aims to examine the associations between a caregiver’s parenting style and the mental health problems (or not) of their child when he/she is at preschool age in rural China.MethodsParticipants were children, aged 49 to 65 months, and their primary caregivers. The primary caregivers of the sample children completed the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire, Short Version, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and a questionnaire that elicited their socio-demographic characteristics. The level of cognitive development of each sample child was assessed using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Fourth Edition. Pearson correlation analysis, linear regression analysis, and multivariable regression analysis were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe prevalence of mental health problems among sample children at preschool age was high (31.6%). If a caregiver practices an authoritative parenting style, it was found to be negatively associated with the mental health problems of their child. In contrast, a caregiver’s authoritarian parenting style was positively associated with the mental health problems of their child. Compared to those in a subgroup of primary caregivers that used a combination of low authoritative and low authoritarian parenting style, primary caregivers that used a combination of high authoritarian and low authoritative or a combination of high authoritative and high authoritarian were found to have positive association with child health problems. A number of demographic characteristics were found to be associated with the adoption of different parenting styles.ConclusionDifferent parenting styles (including authoritative, authoritarian, and combination of authoritative and authoritarian) of the sample caregivers had different associations with the mental health problems of the sample children. Parenting programs that aim to improve the parenting styles (favoring authoritative parenting styles) should be promoted in an effort to improve the status of child mental health in rural China.

LONG-TERM FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH INTERNAL FIXATION OF FEMORAL SHAFT FRACTURE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Purpose: Although internal fixation surgery of femoral shaft fracture (FSF) has high rates of union, it affects the patient’s functionality and quality of life due to additional health conditions depending on the traumatic nature of these injuries. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the long-term functional outcomes and quality of life of young adults who underwent internal fixation of isolated FSF to compare with healthy peers. Methods: The Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Stair Climb Test (SCT) were used to evaluate the functionality of the participants. The EuroQol 5-Dimension Questionnaire (EQ-5D) was used to assess the quality of life. Results: Twenty young adult volunteers with internal fixation surgery aged 18-55 years are included in the FSF group (mean age: 39.55±11.92 years; duration after surgery: 28±7.2 months) and 20 healthy peers (mean age: 42.75±8.83 years) as the control group. The HHS and EQ-5D scores were lower (p

Assessing health-related quality of life of Chinese population using CQ-11D

PurposeThis study aimed to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the Chinese population by using the Chinese medicine quality of life-11 dimensions (CQ-11D) questionnaire and to identify factors associated with HRQoL.MethodsThe data was derived from a survey conducted by the Institute of Pharmacoeconomics Evaluation at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine on the quality of life of the Chinese population. The sex and age of respondents were considered through quota sampling. Demographic, socioeconomic, and health indicators were collected using the structured questionnaire. We performed bivariate analyses first to examine the associations between the above factors and the HRQoL of respondents measured by the CQ-11D. Multivariate linear regression and ordinal logistic regression models were established to analyze the factors (demographic, socioeconomic, and health indicators) differences in HRQoL, as well as the risk of each group reporting problems across the 11 dimensions of CQ-11D.ResultsFrom February 2021 to November 2022, a total of 7,604 respondents were involved and 7,498 respondents were included. The sample approximated the general adult Chinese population in terms of age, sex, and district of residence, and each geographic distribution ranged from 9.71 to 25.54%. Of the respondents, 45.84% were male, and 89.82% were Han ethnicity. The mean utility score ranged from 0.796 to 0.921 as age increased. According to the respondents, most health problems were identified in the PL (fatigue) (70.16%) and SM (quality of sleep) (63.63%) dimensions. The CQ-11D index scores varied with the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of respondents, except for ethnicity (p > 0.05) and income (p > 0.05). The multivariate analysis revealed significant negative associations between health utility scores and various factors. These factors include sex (female), age over 65, belonging to ethnic minorities, rural household registration, being widowed or divorced, having a primary school education or below, being a student or unemployed, having a low income of 0–1,300, engaging in smoking or drinking, limited participation in physical activities, experiencing changes in self-perceived health status compared to the previous year, and having chronic diseases. The odds of respondents reporting problems in 11 dimensions varied among different socio-demographic groups.ConclusionsThis study reports the first Chinese population norms for the CQ-11D derived using a representative sample of the Chinese general population. Self-reported health status measured by the CQ-11D varies among different socio-economic groups. In addition to participation a physical activity and the presence of chronic disease, smoking and drinking also significantly influence HRQoL.

Quality of life of patients with hip fracture was better during the COVID-19 period than before, an ancillary study from the HiFIT multicenter study.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a global impact on people life, notably because of lockdown periods. This could particularly affected patients suffering from hip fracture, who could have been more isolated during these periods. We aim at evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 period (including lockdown periods) on quality of life (QOL) in older adult patients 90 days after a surgery for a hip fracture. Ancillary study of the prospective randomized controlled HiFIT study. We compared the QOL measured at 90 days after a hip fracture surgery using the EuroQOL-5 dimensions 3 levels (EQ-5D), the Perceived Quality of life (PQOL) and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) in patients included in the Hifit study before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The characteristics of the 161 patients included before and of the 213 included during the COVID period (including 122 (57%) during COVID with containment periods and 91 (43%) during COVID without containment periods) were similar (mean age 84 ± 10 years; 282 (75%) women). The majority (81%) of the patients alive at 90 days had returned to their previous place of residence in both periods. During the COVID period, EQ-5D showed better patient pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression levels. The PQOL happiness was not different, with around 81% of the patient being "happy" or "very happy" during the two periods and the IADL was also similar during the two periods. In the multivariate analysis odd ratios of having poorer outcomes were increased before COVID for pain/discomfort (OR 2.38, 95%CI [1.41-4.15], p = 0.001), anxiety (OR 1.89 [1.12-3.21], p = 0.017) and mobility (1.69 [1.02-2.86], p = 0.044). Patient's quality of life measured using different scales was not altered during the COVID period compared to before COVID, 90 days after a hip fracture. Surprisingly, the Pain/Discomfort and Anxiety dimensions of the EQ-5D questionnaires were even better during the COVID period.Clinical trial registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (NCT02972294).

Parental Upbringing, Nutritional Status, and Physical Activity in Preschoolers

Introduction: in Mexico the prevalence of childhood obesity has experienced an alarming increase; it was reported that 9,7 % of children under 5 years of age were suffering from overweight or obesity. This situation was exacerbated in the northern region of the country with a prevalence of 13,2 %. Within this context, Parenting Style has been identified as a determinant factor in children's eating behavior, directly influencing their Body Mass Index. Aim: to understand the relationship between Parenting Styles (General and by type of Parenting Style), Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity of preschoolers. Methodology: a cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study involved 664 individuals, comprising 332 mother/child dyads, aged between 3 and 5 years. Variables were measured using the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Parents of Preschool Children, with descriptive and correlational statistics being conducted. Results: a positive and significant correlation was found between the Democratic Parenteral Parenting Style with the minutes that preschoolers dedicated to performing mild physical activities (rs = 0,136, p&lt;0,05) and moderate physical activities (rs = 0,172, p&lt;0,01). ). Permissive and authoritarian parenting styles did not show significant relationships with minutes of physical activity. Discussion: despite the lack of correlation between the general Parenting Style and BMI, this finding underscores the complexity of factors shaping children's physical activity, suggesting the need for multifaceted strategies that include parental education, improvements in infrastructure, and public policies to promote a healthy lifestyle among children

Psychological Well-Being Among Adolescents: The Role of Parenting Styles, Causal Attributions of Academic Success/Failure, and Perceived School Performance

We investigated the effects of perceived parenting styles, causal attributions for academic success/failure, and perceived school performance (PSP) on adolescents’ psychological well-being (PWB). Participants were 200 Brazilian adolescents who answered the Parenting Styles &amp; Dimensions Questionnaire, the Psychological Well-Being Scale, and the Rating Scale of Causal Attributions for Academic Success/Failure (RSCA). The results showed that adolescents’ PWB was predicted by authoritative parenting style (APS), internal and controllable attributions (appropriate motivations to cope with academic success/failure; ICASF), and PSP. In addition, we tested a mediation model showing that the ICASF mediated the relationship between APS and PSP, which in turn led to better PWB. These results highlighted the relevance of parenting styles and school-based causal attributions for the understanding of adolescents’ mental health. Our findings can support interventions that enable more effective teaching–learning processes, which are associated with higher levels of mental health for the adolescent population.

Literacy in Artificial Intelligence as a Challenge for Teaching in Higher Education: A Case Study at Portalegre Polytechnic University

The growing impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on Humanity is unavoidable, and therefore, “AI literacy” is extremely important. In the field of education—AI in education (AIED)—this technology is having a huge impact on the educational community and on the education system itself. The present study seeks to assess the level of AI literacy and knowledge among teachers at Portalegre Polytechnic University (PPU), aiming to identify gaps, find the main opportunities for innovation and development, and seek the degree of relationship between the dimensions of an AI questionnaire, as well as identifying the predictive variables in this matter. As a measuring instrument, a validated questionnaire based on three dimensions (AI Literacy, AI Self-Efficacy, and AI Self-Management) was applied to a sample of 75 teachers in the various schools of PPU. This revealed an average level of AI literacy (3.28), highlighting that 62.4% of responses are at levels 3 and 4 (based on a Likert scale from 1 to 5). The results also demonstrate that the first dimension is highly significant for the total dimensions, i.e., for AI Literacy, and no factor characterizing the sample is a predictor, but finding a below-average result in the learning factor indicates a pressing need to focus on developing these skills.

Socioeconomic Status Affects Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Dutch Registry Study

BackgroundTo determine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and patient-reported outcome measures in a Dutch cohort who have undergone total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). MethodsA retrospective national registry study of all patients who underwent primary THA or TKA between 2014 and 2020 in the Netherlands was performed. Linear mixed effects regression models were used to assess the association between SES and patient-reported outcome measures for THA and TKA patients separately. The following measures were collected: numeric rating scale for pain, Oxford Hip/Knee Score, Hip/Knee disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and the EuroQol 5-Dimensions questionnaire. Sex, age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, Charnley classification, and smoking status were considered as covariates in the models. ResultsTHA patients (n = 97,443) were on average 70 years old with a body mass index of 27.4 kg/m2, and TKA patients (n = 78,811) were on average 69 years old with a body mass index of 29.7 kg/m2. Preoperatively, patients with a lower SES undergoing THA or TKA reported more severe symptoms and lower health-related quality of life. At 1-year follow-up, they also reported lower scores and less improvement over time compared to patients with a higher SES. ConclusionsPatients with lower SES report worse symptoms when admitted for surgery and less improvement after surgery. Future research must address potentially mediating factors of the association between SES and symptom reporting such as access to surgery and rehabilitation, subjectivity in reporting, and patient expectation for THA and TKA outcomes.

An Observational Multi-Center Study Protocol for Distribution of Pattern Identification and Clinical Index in Parkinson’s Disease

Objectives: This study investigated the pattern identification (PI) and clinical index of Parkinson’s disease (PD) for personalized diagnosis and treatment.Methods: This prospective observational multi-center study recruited 100 patients diagnosed with PD from two Korean medicine hospitals. To cluster new subtypes of PD, items on a PI questionnaire (heat and cold, deficiency and excess, visceral PI) were evaluated along with pulse and tongue analysis. Gait analysis was performed and blood and feces molecular signature changes were assessed to explore biomarkers for new subtypes. In addition, unified PD rating scale II and III scores and the European quality of life 5-dimension questionnaire were assessed.Results: The clinical index obtained in this study analyzed the frequency statistics and hierarchical clustering analysis to classify new subtypes based on PI. Moreover, the biomarkers and current status of herbal medicine treatment were analyzed using the new subtypes. The results provide comprehensive data to investigate new subtypes and subtype-based biomarkers for the personalized diagnosis and treatment of PD patients. Ethical approval was obtained from the medical ethics committees of the two Korean medicine hospitals. All amendments to the research protocol were submitted and approved.Conclusions: An objective and standardized diagnostic tool is needed for the personalized treatment of PD by traditional Korean medicine. Therefore, we developed a clinical index as the basis for the PI clinical evaluation of PD.

Association between physical activity and health-related quality of life among adults in China: the moderating role of age.

The aim of the study was to examine the association between physical activity (PA) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among adults and explore the role of age in the association between PA and HRQOL in Shandong, China. We investigated the relationship between PA and HRQOL and examined the moderated role of age in this association among adults with different age groups and physical activity levels. Data were obtained from the sixth China National Health Services Survey conducted in Shandong province in 2018. The multi-stage-stratified cluster random sampling method was used to selected respondents, with individuals aged 18 and above included in the present study. The tool of assessing HRQOL was the three-level EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L). The study found PA was significantly related to HRQOL (P < 0.05). The interaction analysis indicated that the relationship between PA and HRQOL was significantly different across young, middle-aged, and older adults (P < 0.05). Older adults with the sufficient PA (coefficient = 0.090, 95%CI: [0.081, 0.100]) and active PA (coefficient = 0.057, 95%CI: [0.043, 0.072]) had significantly higher HRQOL compared with young and middle-aged groups. PA was positively associated with HRQOL among the adults. Age played a moderate role between the association between PA and HRQOL. Guidelines for PA should be specifically tailored to adults of different age groups in order to enhance their HRQoL.

The Evaluation of Parenting Styles of Children with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder

Background: Parenting has an important role in improving the performance of children with ADHD and in their families, this study will create awareness about parenting styles among parents addressing differences in parenting styles and improving the quality of child mental health.&#x0D; Objective: This study was intended to evaluate the different parenting styles of parents having children with ADHD and healthy children. It also aimed to find out any relationship between the socio-demographic variables of children and parents with the parenting style of the diseased child. &#x0D; Methodology: This was a case-control study. The study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet during the period from September 2020 to August 2022. ADHD was diagnosed using DSM-5 and confirmed by a consultant psychiatrist. A total of 60 parents of children (ADHD=30, Healthy=30) were interviewed who fulfilled the enrollment criteria. Semi-structured questionnaire for socio-demographic variables and a Bangla Parenting Style and Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ) were used for assessing parenting style. The data analysis was conducted utilizing the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) method, followed by post-hoc comparisons using the Bonferroni correction.&#x0D; Results: The predominant parenting style found to be applied to children with ADHD was authoritative (56.67%), followed by 26.67% authoritarian parenting and 16.33% permissive parenting style. Among the parents of healthy children, 53.33% were authoritative, 23.33% were authoritarian and permissive. There was a statistically significant association of parenting styles with education level and occupation. ADHD children's parents who studied up to the primary level had a significantly higher authoritarian score and (authoritarian p = 0.005) and the normal children's parents who studied up to the secondary level had a significantly higher authoritarian score (authoritarian p = 0.007. A significant association was found in the authoritarian domain in parents who were housewives (p = 0.032). Individuals within 6-9 years age range exhibit significantly higher scores in the authoritative domain (p=.001). Both boys and girls groups exhibit a considerably higher score in the authoritative domain (p=.003, p=.001). &#x0D; Conclusion: The fact that parenting styles influence ADHD may appear to be a burden, but it can also be an opportunity to change one's life. Solutions like parent training programs can provide skills and strategies as well as help build resilience in parents to manage the challenging behavior of children with ADHD.

Assessing the diversity and determinants of health-related quality of life measures in patients with acute heart failure.

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) significantly impacts health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Existing HR-QoL questionnaires can show inconsistencies, potentially misrepresenting patient self-reports. This study examines the variation in HR-QoL measurement tools for HFrEF patients, identifying related determinants. We retrospectively analysed 134 hospitalized patients with acute decompensated HFrEF at a Taiwanese tertiary centre's Heart Failure Post-Acute-Care (HF-PAC) programme. Participants completed the EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire, the EQ-5D visual analogue scale (VAS), and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). Utility values were obtained from the EQ-5D questionnaire. Demographic features were depicted using descriptive statistics, while multivariate regression was used to ascertain relationships between HR-QoL measurements and determinants. Average scores for EQ-5D, MLHFQ, EQ-5D utility, and VAS were 6.1±1.6, 21.8±21.3, 81.7±27.0, and 59.5±14.6, respectively. Significant correlations were observed among the three tools. The New York Heart Association functional class showed a notable association with all tool scores. Other associations encompassed EQ-5D with coronary artery disease, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and the 6min walk test; EQ-5D VAS with chronic kidney disease; and MLHFQ with age. This study illuminates the variance in HR-QoL measurement tools for Taiwanese HFrEF patients. Using a range of these tools is beneficial in unveiling diverse determinants and approaching comprehensive patient-centred care. However, for a more precise HR-QoL assessment in Taiwanese HFrEF patients, recalibrating the EQ-5D-derived utility scores might be necessary, emphasizing the importance of patient-specific considerations within the HF-PAC programme.

Dry eye symptoms and health-related quality of life among Chinese individuals: a national-based study

AimsTo assess the impact of dry eye symptoms (DESs) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among Chinese residents.MethodsA total of 21 916 participants were involved in this nationwide cross-sectional study....