Molar Dimensions Research Articles

Roughness analysis on porcelain sectional surface of porcelain fused to Co-Cr alloy endocrowns

This study aims to compare the roughness between the central and edge points on the porcelain sectional surface of porcelain fused to Co-Cr alloy endocrowns. Utilizing anatomical data from average molar dimensions, a simplified model for the endocrowns was created. Eight porcelain fused to Co-Cr alloy endocrowns were fabricated with an edge thickness of 0.3 mm. Following casting, firing, cutting, and polishing procedures, the roughness on porcelain sectional surface at both the central and edge points of the inner crown was assessed using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The roughness measurement (Sq value) for the central point on porcelain sectional surface was (10.46 ± 3.37 nm), and for the edge point, it was (10.50 ± 1.99 nm). There was no statistically significant distinction between the central and edge points in terms of roughness. Despite the uneven thickness of the inner crown in porcelain fused to Co-Cr alloy endocrowns, it was observed that this disparity had negligible impact on the internal microstructure of the porcelain. Therefore, its application in dental clinical settings could be deemed viable.

Comparison between the average dimensions of three brands of stainless-steel crowns (SSCs) and the average dimensions of primary molar teeth

Background: Stainless-steel crowns (SSCs) are usually used for deciduous teeth with more than two destroyed surfaces. Selecting the suitable SSC, in terms of proximal fit and marginal fit, has usually been challenging for practitioners. The current study compares the deciduous molar dimensions in the SCCs with the dimensions of these teeth given in the textbook. Methods: The dimensions of 3M, Kids Crowns, and KTR SCCs were measured using a digital caliper. Utilizing SPSS 26 software, the data was examined and compared to the table of standard sizes of primary teeth using one-sample t test, ANOVA, and Tukey’s test. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The study showed no significant difference in upper first molar SSCs in the occlusal-cervical dimension in Kids Crowns (P=0.14) and 3M (P=0.078) and in the mesiodistal dimension in Kids KTR (P=0.083) and Crowns (P=0.22). There was no significant difference in lower first molar SSCs in the occlusal-cervical dimension in Kids Crowns (P=0.14) and in the buccolingual dimension in 3M (P=0.91) and KTR SSCs (P=0.09). There was no significant difference in the upper second molar SSCs in the occlusal-cervical dimension of Kids Crowns (P=0.28) and 3M (P=0.32). There was no significant difference in lower second molar SSCs in the occlusal-cervical dimension in Kids Crowns (P=0.27) and KTR (P=0.07), in the mesiodistal dimension in Kids Crowns (P=0.22), KTR (P=0.22), 3M (P=0.59) and in the bucco-lingual dimension of KTR (P=0.26) and 3M (P=0.78). Conclusion: SSCs and teeth had the highest conformity in the occlusal-cervical dimension and the lowest conformity in the mesiodistal and bucco-lingual dimensions. SSCs had the highest conformity with the lower molars.

Application of odontometric dimensions of molars in sex assessment in Bulgarians.

Sex estimation is an important step in developing a biological profile. Teeth are one of the most durable physical elements in the human body and thus can be used very successfully for this purpose. The aim of the present study was to determine sex differences in odontometric dimensions of maxillary and mandibular molars in Bulgarians.

Comparison of commercially available preformed archwires with average natural arch forms.

To compare the dimensions of commercially available preformed archwires with natural arch forms of Pakistani subjects. The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from September 2019 to February 2020, and comprised maxillary and mandibular dental casts of orthodontically untreated subjects that were evaluated to obtain arch dimensions at the canines and first molar levels with the help of digital Vernier calipers. Bracket-archwire assembly was constructed to accurately measure widths from bracket-slot points at both the canine and molar levels in an attempt to mimic clinical archwire-bracket interface. Canine and molar depths were also recorded for accurate estimation of the digitised archwire widths at the aforementioned levels. Data was analysed using SPSS 25. Of the 52 subjects, 26(50%) each were males and females with age ranging from 12years to 35 years. The archwires evaluated for maxilla were significantly wider at canines and first molars compared to the canine and molar dimensions of the dental casts obtained from the subjects (p<0.05). For mandible, significant differences were found at the canine level where archwires exhibited greater dimensions than mean intercanine widths of the subjects (p<0.05). Commercially obtainable preformed archwires were inconsistent with diverse arch forms manifested in subjects with almost ideal occlusion. Therefore, utilisation of these archwires may create unwarranted wider dimensions of the arch form, especially in the intercanine region which can influence post-treatment retention, stability and facial aesthetics.

Implications of Permanent Teeth Dimensions and Arch Lengths on Dental Crowding during the Mixed Dentition Period

Dento-alveolar disharmony with crowding is a common reason for orthodontic treatment with not fully understood or unequivocally demonstrated causes. This study investigated the correlations between teeth dimensions, arch lengths, and crowding during the mixed dentition period. A cross-sectional study on 100 dental casts of patients with class I malocclusions was performed. Dental arches were classified as non-crowded, moderately crowded, severely crowded, and spaced. The mesio-distal widths, bucco-lingual sizes, and crown proportions of permanent teeth were assessed. The results indicated that arch length measurements showed smaller values in crowded arches. The mesio-distal dimensions of upper central incisors and lower lateral incisors were larger in patients with crowding. The bucco-lingual dimensions of upper incisors were decreased, the bucco-lingual dimensions of lower central incisors and permanent first molars were increased in crowded arches. Upper incisors and lower lateral incisors presented larger crown proportions in crowding cases. Low negative correlations were found between mesio-distal diameters of maxillary central incisors, lower lateral incisors, lower permanent first molars, and the values of arch space discrepancies. In conclusion, crowding in the mixed dentition could be associated with reduced arch lengths, increase in mesio-distal sizes of incisors and lower permanent first molars, and variations of bucco-lingual dimensions and crown proportions of incisors and lower permanent first molars.

Odontometric parameters in human mandibular molars for sex estimation in a forensic context

When encountering human skeletal remains in forensic contexts, one important step in the identification process is the estimation of sex, because it reduces the number of individuals to approximately one half. The pelvis and skull are considered the most efficient elements for this estimation; however, when unavailable, teeth may be used alternatively. This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of specific odontometric parameters from the mandibular first molar – mesiolingual-distobuccal distance (MLDB) and mesiobuccal-distolingual distance (MBDL) - on sex estimation, in a sample composed from 135 mandibles selected from the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection (University of Coimbra). Since canines seem to be the most accurate teeth for sexual diagnosis, comparison of molars parameters and canines was performed, through measurement of their mesiodistal dimensions (MD). Statistical analysis showed sexual dimorphism in human first molars and determination of cut-off points assigned individuals to the male or female group. In the first molar, 60.7% and 65.2% of individuals were correctly classified by using MLDB and MBDL, respectively. Highest sexual diagnosis accuracy was achieved with Canine MD, reaching 74.6%. Our results indicate that although mandibular molar dimensions are useful for sex estimation, the canine should be prioritized when using the dentition to perform this task.

Morphological variations and prevalence of aberrant traits of primary molars

Background Morphological variations in tooth structure exhibit as metric and non-metric traits which play an important role in dental anthropology. Aim The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of morphometric traits and mean crown dimensions of primary molars in children Subjects and methods This cross-sectional study was carried out in 4256 sectional dye casts of caries-free children aged 2.5–4 years from Puducherry. Two calibrated examiners graded the non-metric traits utilising the Arizona State University Dental Anthropological System classification and measured the crown dimensions in primary molars. The results are expressed in the form of numbers and percentages. Results Of the eight non-metric traits studied, metaconule (30.17%), Cusp of Carabelli (90.6%), and deflecting wrinkle (87.41%) in second primary molars, and distal trigonid crest (93.06%) and parastyle (3.48%) in first primary molars, seemed to have higher prevalence, and the overall crown dimensions were found to be smaller in comparison with those in other populations. Conclusion This study highlights the prevalence of aberrant dental traits in primary molars in a population. The study describes, for the first time, the existence of these traits in first primary molars, adding anthropological significance of primary dentition in various other populations.

Sexual Dimorphism in Superadded Teeth - A Cross Sectional Study Conducted among Students of South Indian States

The present cross sectional study was conducted on students of south Indian states of SSIMSRC, Davangere.A study casts of 200 was taken (104 males and 96 females) in the age group of {18-25} years. The Mesiodistal and Buccolingual diameters of first and second permanent molars of both maxillary and mandiblewere measured on the study casts, using sliding verneir callipers.The buccolingual and mesiodistal dimensions measured, in both maxillary and mandibular molars, showedhigher values in males compared to that of females. Amongst the parameters studied, the buccolingualdimensions of maxillary molars showed highest sexual dimorphism with an accuracy of 82.1% and themesiodistal dimension exhibited least sexual dimorphism. In present study showed that the maxillary molarsexhibited highest percentage of dimorphism, compared to the dimensions of mandibular molars, the existenceof statistically significant sexual dimorphism in maxillary molars especially the first maxillary molars.

Sexual dimorphism using permanent maxillary and mandibular incisors, canines and molars: An odontometric analysis.

Introduction:Sex identification of skeletal remains is one of the prime factors employed in identification of an individual. Teeth, the most hard and stable human tissue, which is resistant to physical insults, serve as a valuable material for forensic, anthropological, odontologic and genetics. Among the four main attributes of biological identity, gender determination is usually the first step in the human identification process. Hence, the main objective of the present study was to assess the dimorphic status of mesiodistal (MD) width, labiolingual (LL) width as well as cervicoincisal (CI) length of the crown in both maxillary and mandibular permanent incisors, canines and first molars.Materials and Methods:The present study comprised a set of 100 casts (50 males and 50 females) between the age group of 20–50 years of age. Impressions were made using alginate impression and study models were prepared using dental stone. The CI length of the crown, maximum MD width and maximum LL width of both maxillary and mandibular permanent incisors, canines and first molars were evaluated using digital Vernier calipers. The obtained data were analyzed using linear discriminant analysis and logistic regression method.Results:This study concludes that MD dimension of maxillary canine and CI dimension of mandibular first molar as reliable indicators for gender determination than mandibular canine, maxillary and mandibular central incisors and maxillary first molar dimensions.Conclusion:This study concludes that MD dimension of maxillary canine and CI dimension of mandibular first molar as reliable indicators for gender determination than mandibular canine, maxillary and mandibular central incisors and maxillary first molar dimensions.

Factors affecting molar size in Sus scrofa

Teeth are thought to be less affected than post-cranial elements by factors such as age, region, sex, and post-Pleistocene climate change, making changes in tooth size a better gage of domestication-induced morphological change in Sus scrofa. Rigorous empirical evaluation of this assumption, however, has been lacking. Here we examine the impact of multiple factors on molar size in an assemblage of modern wild boar from Southwest Asia, as well as a large assemblage of ancient S. scrofa from an archaeological site in southeastern Turkey dated to 11,600 cal. BP. We find that age related interstitial wear has a profound impact on molar lengths. Comparisons of length measurements of S. scrofa molars should only be made if one strictly controls for the state of wear, as well as the stage of crown development and eruption in third molars. Breadth measurements, on the other hand, are little affected by progressive wear and, as a result, are preferable to length measurements in the analysis of molar size in S. scrofa. We also evaluate the impact of logarithm size index (LSI) scaling on molar dimensions. Molar lengths are subject to a number of factors that distort meaningful patterning rendering LSI values of length dimensions of little utility in the evaluation of molar size in S. scrofa. With the exception of the upper first molar, LSI values of molar breadths appear to both capture and amplify patterns seen among unconverted measurements of individual teeth. Our evaluation also confirms the assumption that the size of post-cranial elements is more profoundly affected than molars by factors such as region and Post-Pleistocene climate change. While sexual dimorphism also has a greater impact on the size of post-crania than on molars, the degree of sexual dimorphism in molar breadths, as well as in M3 lengths, is still substantial and must be taken into account in any study of S. scrofa molar size. Before interpreting downward shifts in molar size as an indicator of domestic status, archaeozoologists need to first to consider the possible impact of differences in the proportions of males and females in archaeological assemblages. We conclude with a number of recommendations for new protocols for the analysis of S. scrofa dental metrics. We also offer observations about the impacts of factors like region, sex, and change over time on the size of the molars of this species that may open up new areas of research.

Features correlations of the sizes of molars with cephalometric indicators of men of the western region of Ukraine

Expanding the theoretical knowledge of medical anthropology in the modern field of dental services is one of the main drivers of progress in the orthodontic field. The only way to successfully develop the relationship of these disciplines is to create and fill a database of normative data and search for correlations between various, both obviously related and, at first glance, completely unrelated structures of the human body. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the relationship between the linear dimensions of molars with the cephalometric parameters of practically healthy men of the first mature age, residents of the western region of Ukraine. Cone-beam computed tomography was performed in 36 practically healthy men of the first mature age, residents of the western region of Ukraine (from Rivne, Volyn, Chernivtsi, Lviv, Ternopil, Khmelnytsky, Ivano-Frankivsk and Zakarpattia regions) followed by odontometry research and cephalometry. Statistical processing of the results was performed in the license package “Statistica 6.1” using non-parametric Spearman’s statistics. As a result of quantitative analysis of reliable and average strength of unreliable correlations of linear computed tomographic sizes of molars with cephalometric indicators and indices of practically healthy men of the western region of Ukraine it is established that the percentage, mainly direct, reliable and average strength of unreliable correlations of linear sizes of molars with cephalometric indices and with indicators of the cerebral or facial skull is almost no different. The largest number of reliable and medium-strength unreliable correlations of linear molars sizes with cranial indices was found with vestibular-lingual and mesio-distal tooth sizes (20.5% with upper molars and 25.0% with lower molars). The highest number of reliable and medium-strength unreliable correlations of linear molars sizes with facial skull indices was found for upper molars with tooth height, crowns and root length (10.8%) and vestibular-lingual and mesio-distal dimensions (12.8%), and for lower molars – only with vestibular-lingual and mesio-distal dimensions (19.4%). The obtained data testify to the prospects of the chosen scientific direction of research, which will further improve the work of physicians in various fields of medicine, including preventive.

Morphometry of lower cheek teeth of cave bears (Carnivora, Ursidae) and general remarks on the dentition variability

The variability of lower 6776 cheek teeth of spelaeoid (Ursus spelaeus,U. kanivetz,U. deningeri,U. kudarensis,U. saviniandU. rossicus) and arctoid lineages (extant and extinctU. arctos) recovered from 176 palaeontological localities was analysed by methods of univariate and multivariate statistics. For comparison, teeth ofU. minimusandU. etruscusspecies, which are ancestral taxa for cave bears and brown bear, were studied. The performed analyses indicate great variability of tooth crown in lower cheek teeth; no distinct general trend was identified in the changes, except for an increase in p4 roundness and in m3 size fromU. minimusto big cave bears. Centroids ofU. minimusandU. etruscusare at a great distance from those of cave bears;U. arctosoccupies an intermediate position between the two groups. Molar characteristics in general are close inU. saviniandU. rossicus. The bear species are differentiated in the morphospaces by morphometric variations in the lower cheek teeth but less markedly than in the morphospaces of the upper cheek teeth. A test of the inhibitory developmental cascade model showed that a linear relationship between lower molar dimensions became clear only after premolar p4 was included in the model. Evolutionary trends were found in the tooth changes with time (differently expressed in individual species and in different teeth) depending on environments, in particular on the elevation of the locality above the sea level. The allometric pattern differentiation does not always coincide with phylogenetic relationships between taxa, being most often revealed at the subspecies level. There is a dominant covariance between the upper and lower rows of teeth in accordance with the occlusion scheme. It may vary in manifestation depending on the particular species.

Correlations of linear sizes of molars with cephalometric indicators of practically healthy men of the northern region of Ukraine

The question of the relationship between the metric characteristics of cranial structures and odontometric parameters, and the possibility of building models based on them, which can later find their practical application in dental practice, remain a pressing problem of modern medical science. The purpose of the study is to establish the features of the relationship between the linear dimensions of molars with the cephalometric parameters of the brain and facial skull of practically healthy men in the northern region of Ukraine. 32 practically healthy residents of the northern region of Ukraine (from Kyiv, Zhytomyr, Sumy and Chernihiv regions) underwent computed tomography followed by odontometry of molars and cephalometry. The correlations between odontometric and cephalometric parameters were assessed using Spearman’s nonparametric statistics in the licensed package “Statistica 6.1”. The peculiarities of the correlations of the studied characteristics of molars with the indicators of the cerebral skull are established – multiple, only direct reliable (r = 0.35-0.57) and unreliable (r = 0.30-0.35) average correlation force (18.7% on the upper jaw, of which the relative majority with vestibular-lingual and mesio-distal dimensions and 24.1% on the lower jaw, of which the relative majority with the height of the teeth, their crowns and the length of the tooth roots); as well as with the indicators of the facial skull – mostly direct reliable (r = 0.35-0.51) and unreliable medium strength (r = 0.30-0.37) correlations, in most cases of a single nature (6.0% on the upper jaw and 6.6% on the lower jaw, almost uniformly with the height of the teeth, their crowns, root length, vestibular-lingual and mesio-distal dimensions). The results of correlation analysis of craniofacial structures are necessary for the correct construction of mathematical models, which can later find their practical application in dental practice and forensic medicine.

Changes in alveolar process dimensions following extraction of molars with advanced periodontal disease: A clinical pilot study.

To use cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to assess the alterations of socket dimensions after a 6-month healing period following molar extraction. Seventeen molars were extracted due to advanced periodontitis. CBCT scans were taken immediately after extraction and once more 6months later. Superimposition of CBCT images was used to measure the following: horizontal changes at extraction sites at three corono-apical levels (-1, -3, and -5mm) below the bone crest, three mesio-distal levels (mesial, central, and distal), vertical changes at nine regions of the alveolar crest, and alveolar bone volume. The width of the central crests at -1mm decreased by 0.59 and 0.72mm in the buccal and 0.27 and 0.02mm in the lingual, in the maxilla and mandible, respectively. No statistically significant decreases in the ridge height were observed except in the disto-palatal region with a 1.11mm decrease in the maxilla (p<0.05). Heights of the buccal and lingual bone plates decreased significantly and ranged from 0.56 to 1.38mm in the mandible after 6months of healing (p<0.05). Overall, ridge height changes were not significantly different between the maxilla and mandible (p>0.05) and no significant volumetric bone loss occurred in either maxillary or mandibular sockets after 6months of healing. Socket dimensions of molars with advanced periodontal disease showed a significant increase at the middle-central portion, although there were no significant changes of horizontal width 6months following the procedures.

Comparison of Permanent Mandibular Molar Crown Dimensions between Mongolians and Caucasians

The aims of this study were to comparecrown dimensions of mandibular first molars (M1) andsecond molars (M2) between Mongolians (belonging tothe Khalkha-Mogol grouping) and Caucasians (NorthernEuropean ancestry) and to attempt to explain anyobserved differences in phylogenetic and ontogeneticterms. Materials in this study comprised dental casts of48 Mongolian female subjects with a mean age of 20.5years and 50 Caucasian female subjects with a mean ageof 21.5 years. For M1, the buccolingual diameters of bothmesial and distal crown components in Mongolianswere significantly larger than in Caucasians. For M2,the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters of the distal crown components in the Mongolian samplewere significantly larger and the mesiodistal andbuccolingual diameters of mesial components weresignificantly smaller compared with those of Caucasians.Common environmental effects, possibly related to theprenatal environment, as well as genetic influences,may be contributing to the differences in buccolingualdimensions of M1 between Mongolians and Caucasians.Given that the M2 develops later and over a longerperiod of time than the M1, it is reasonable to assumethat this tooth may be subject to greater environmentalpressures than applied to the M1.

Palatoscopy and odontometrics for sex identification and hereditary pattern analysis in a Navi Mumbai population: A cross-sectional study.

Background:Identification of an individual is a challenging task in the field of forensic odontology. Sometimes, the identity of individuals by fingerprints is difficult; hence, the examination of palatal rugae and the human dentition is a viable option.Aims and Objectives:The objective of the present study was to determine the sex of an individual and the hereditary pattern using three parameters are as follows: palatine rugae, dimensions of maxillary molar and maxillary canine.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study involved a total of 200 participants which included 60 males, 60 females and 20 families with four members each. Maxillary impressions were made with elastomeric impression material, and dental stone was used to make the models. The parameters used were as follows: palatine rugae classified by Thomas and Kotze (1983), which included the shape, size, direction and unification pattern, mesiodistal (MD) width of canines and intercanine width and MD and buccolingual width of maxillary molars.Statistical Analysis:Unpaired t-test and the median test were used to assess the sex differences in the number and unification pattern for the palatal rugae and to compare dimensions measured for males and females for the odontometric data. The data collected was statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 17.0 statistical program for windows. The statistical significance was fixed at 0.05.Results:Males showed more number of converging rugae and females showed more number of diverging patterns of rugae. The number of primary and forward rugae was more in both the genders and females showed more wavy rugae while males showed more number of straight and curved rugae. The maxillary canine and maxillary molar dimensions both were more in males than the females and also none of these parameters showed a hereditary pattern.Conclusion:Rugae pattern and the human dentition are both highly individualistic and can be used for personal identification and sex determination.

Evaluation of hardness and wear of surface treated zirconia on enamel wear. An in-vitro study

ObjectiveThe present study aimed to examine the effect of aged and polished surface treated full anatomical zirconia and veneered zirconia on wear of opposing natural human enamel surface, and investigate the surface hardness of different zirconia. MethodsTwo types of zirconia blocks were used in this study (Incoris ZI and Incoris TZI), Stainless Steel dies with dimensions of maxillary molars were used, duplicated using addition silicon impression material to form twenty four epoxy dies, then dies were scanned by the OmniCam. Software designing of crowns and copings was performed, then milling of the presintered blocks was done followed by separation of crowns and copings from the blocks and finishing. Sintering of zirconia blocks was done afterwards, regarding the copings feldspathic porcelain was used with the layering technique to veneer the copings to produce full anatomic crowns. All samples were then polished using special polishing kit for zirconia and glass ceramics and thermal ageing was done for two group using an autoclave at 135 °C and 2 atmospheric pressure for 5 h. The twenty-four specimens were weighed before wear testing using a sensitive electronic balance then inserted in a custom made wear machine that simulated the wear mechanism that occurs in the oral cavity with natural mandibular molars as antagonists under a weight of 5 kg (49 N) and the rotation was of 240 cycles/min, the total time of wear was 8 h, so the total cycles performed were 120,000 cycles. The twenty-four specimens were weighed again after wear testing for the weight loss measurements determination. One specimen from each tested group was randomly selected and viewed under Scanning Electron Microscope in-order to determine the wear pattern. Vicker's hardness testing was the performed for all the specimens in-order to detect Vicker's hardness number. FindingsFull anatomical zirconia specimens revealed the lowest wear values when they were polished followed by higher values after thermal aging. The veneered copings showed significantly higher wear values compared to full anatomical zirconia crowns; with the aged veneered group showing the highest wear readings. These results were the same revealed with the natural enamel antagonists. As regarding hardness, full anatomical zirconia revealed better surface mechanical properties in comparison to veneered zirconia whether zirconia was polished or aged. ConclusionsYttria Stabilized Zirconia (Y-TZP) is the ceramic material of choice for all ceramic FPDs in the posterior region, since it underscored remarkable mechanical properties results, and this allowed it to be used for highly loaded ceramic restorations with high performance.

A construção da memória social das produções artísticas na saúde mental pós reforma psiquiátrica no Brasil

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-1384.2017v14n2p75Desde a Reforma Psiquiátrica no Brasil, surgiram muitos grupos artístico-culturais na saúde mental que contribuem para a construção da participação sóciocultural da população atendida. A construção da memória dessas produções se dá em meio a disputas de sentido e inclui as dimensões ética, do trabalho e da invenção. O objetivo foi explorar o processo de construção da memória social das produções na interface arte e saúde mental no Brasil pós Reforma Psiquiátrica, compreender os embates sócio-históricos nas construções discursivas acerca dessas produções e investigar como essa memória pode redimensionar as concepções em arte, potencializar a diversidade cultural e dinamizar as representações sobre a loucura. Como método utilizou-se a revisão bibliográfica de artigos brasileiros utilizando descritores: arte, saúde mental, e cultura e uma análise das categorias de memória concebidas como trabalho e invenção. A memória dessas produções é utilizada como instrumento de transformação social e se faz através do trabalho de atores que, afetados pela potência transformadora dessas experiências, constroem visibilidade e apostam em uma mudança da sensibilidade coletiva. Como invenção, ela conjuga fluxos de desejo e exercícios estéticos que deslocam identidades e motivam a criação de políticas públicas para grupos à margem do campo artístico-cultural. Concluiu-se que a memória dessas produções encontra-se em tensionamento. Por um lado, a transversalidade das concepções de arte e saúde, afirmando as diferenças e transformando o mapa do perceptível; por outro, as tendências de categorização em segmento específico, ou como produção diretamente vinculada a um efeito social esperado pelas iniciativas da Reforma Psiquiátrica contra a estigmatização da loucura.

Comparative assessment of maxillary canine index and maxillary first molar dimensions for sex determination in forensic odontology.

Background:Sexual identification of immature skeletal remains is still a difficult problem to solve in forensic anthropology. In such situations, the odontometric features of the teeth can be of immense help. Teeth, being the hardest and chemically the most stable tissue in the body, are an excellent material in living and nonliving populations for anthropological, genetic, odontologic, and forensic investigations. Using tooth size standards, whenever it is possible to predict the sex, identification is made easier because then only missing persons of one sex need to be considered.Aim:To determine sex from the odontometric data using maxillary canine index and maxillary first molar dimensions and to determine which index gives higher accuracy rate for sex determination using only maxillary cast.Materials and Methods:In a sample size of 200 population (100 male and 100 female), alginate impression was taken of maxillary arch and poured with dental stone. Using Vernier caliper, the dimension of maxillary first molar (buccolingual [BL] and mesiodistal [MD]), canine (MD), and intercanine distance was measured on the cast. The obtained data were analyzed using discriminant statistical analysis.Result and Conclusion:This study concludes that BL dimension of maxillary first molar is a more reliable indicator for gender determination than other molar and canine dimensions in maxilla.

Odontometrics: A Key to Gender Determination

ABSTRACT Introduction Identification of an individual is a prerequisite for certification of death and for personal, social, and legal reasons. Sex determination is one of the important parameters in forensic identification. Tooth being strongest component can resist bacterial decomposition and fire when rest of the body is damaged beyond recognition. Sexual dimorphism refers to the systemic difference in the form between individuals of different sexes within the same species. Teeth of various species are known to exhibit sexual dimorphism. The present study aims to evaluate the linear dimensions of permanent molars and canines for sex determination and to estimate their level of accuracy. Materials and methods Sixty subjects were included in the study. Study casts were prepared and the dimensions of permanent canines and first permanent molars were measured as the greatest distance between the buccal and lingual surface as well as mesial and distal aspects of the crown by using digital vernier callipers. Results Discriminant function analysis had shown that males have greater mean mesio-distal (MD) and bucco lingual (BL)/ labio-lingual (LL) dimensions for each tooth in comparison to females. Right upper canine showed the maximum accuracy followed by right lower and left upper canines. Out of four molars, right lower molar showed maximum accuracy of 86.7%. Conclusion The present study showed the importance of linear dimensions of canines and molars in the assessment of sex and molars can be used as an alternative to canines when their evidence is missing in forensic investigations. How to cite this article Dalli DT, Reddy S, Dathar S, Nallakunta R, Madugula P, Darna G. Odontometrics: A Key to Gender Determination. World J Dent 2016;7(3):150-154.