Abstract
Dento-alveolar disharmony with crowding is a common reason for orthodontic treatment with not fully understood or unequivocally demonstrated causes. This study investigated the correlations between teeth dimensions, arch lengths, and crowding during the mixed dentition period. A cross-sectional study on 100 dental casts of patients with class I malocclusions was performed. Dental arches were classified as non-crowded, moderately crowded, severely crowded, and spaced. The mesio-distal widths, bucco-lingual sizes, and crown proportions of permanent teeth were assessed. The results indicated that arch length measurements showed smaller values in crowded arches. The mesio-distal dimensions of upper central incisors and lower lateral incisors were larger in patients with crowding. The bucco-lingual dimensions of upper incisors were decreased, the bucco-lingual dimensions of lower central incisors and permanent first molars were increased in crowded arches. Upper incisors and lower lateral incisors presented larger crown proportions in crowding cases. Low negative correlations were found between mesio-distal diameters of maxillary central incisors, lower lateral incisors, lower permanent first molars, and the values of arch space discrepancies. In conclusion, crowding in the mixed dentition could be associated with reduced arch lengths, increase in mesio-distal sizes of incisors and lower permanent first molars, and variations of bucco-lingual dimensions and crown proportions of incisors and lower permanent first molars.
Highlights
Dento-alveolar incongruence with crowding is defined as the discrepancy between dental structures and jaw size, a condition responsible for malpositions and/or teeth rotations [1]
Evaluating the degree of crowding in our study, the maxillary arches were more frequently affected by crowding than the mandibular ones
There were no significant differences of crowding distribution between genders, but we found statistically significant differences related to the patients’ age (Tables 2 and 3); the number of crowded arches decreased at nine and ten years of age
Summary
Dento-alveolar incongruence with crowding is defined as the discrepancy between dental structures and jaw size, a condition responsible for malpositions and/or teeth rotations [1]. Al Darwish and Farh described dental crowding as the difference between the space needed for proper teeth alignment in the dental arch and the space available in that arch [2]. Crowding is a dynamic process that might be influenced by dental and paradental factors [3]. Malocclusions involving dental crowding are much more common in the current population than those consisting of interdental spacing and widening of dental arches. In a sample of Brazilian schoolchildren, dento-alveolar disharmony with crowding was the most common reason for patients to come to an orthodontic consultation, especially due to a high impairment of aesthetics [6]
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