Dimensions Of Intimacy Research Articles

Meanings of place and aspects of the Self: an interdisciplinary and empirical account

Although geographers have largely investigated the notion of place, the relationship between place and Self does not seem to have received a similar attention, both theoretically and empirically. After the initial interest expressed by humanistic geographers, social constructivism and cultural materialism (two dominant paradigms in use since at least the 1980s) have somewhat moved the interest towards a sort of social(izing) discourse, which has pushed the individual dimension to the margin. Accordingly, this dimension has been treated as a mere product of social discourses, as purely embodying and (re)enacting certain social categories (gender, sex, race, etc.) or, again, it has been discredited as psychologically ‘mentalistic’ and geographically ‘trivial’. In the present article, I aim to rescue this personal, intimate dimension and show how, beyond an all-encompassing social(izing) logic, it remains at work in the ways people relate to place. Theoretically, the study builds on the early contributions of humanistic geography, complemented with more recent works in environmental and social psychology. Empirically, it is grounded in narratives of place collected during interviews and focus groups administered in four regional case studies in Western Europe. The article advances and illustrates, with empirical materials, a simple theoretical framework, which aims to contribute to the understanding of how meanings of place implicate and are implicated in the construction of the Self.

BUILDING A FEMINIST THEORY OF FASHION

For much of their post-1960s history, most varieties of popular and activist feminism have been relatively hostile to fashion.1 That this hostility has resulted in a general critical/theoretical si...

Identity and Intimacy in Religiously Observant and Non-Religiously Observant Adolescents and Young Adults in Israel

Ego identity and intimacy are two sequential stages, according to Erikson's theory. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between ego identity and intimacy, as two continuous multidimensional variables among religious and non-religious individuals. Eight sample groups (age × gender × religious observance) comprising 308 subjects responded to The Adolescent's Ego Identity Scale (AEIS) (Tzuriel 1974; 1984; 1992a) and to The Sharabany Intimacy Scale (1974). There was a difference in the ego identity variables' predictive profile for the various intimacy dimensions and the general intimacy score among the religious groups and among the non-religious groups, both for the two age groups (adolescents and adults) and for the two genders. A characterization of each group results from understanding these differential relationships. This research was conducted under the auspices of Orot Israel College.

<em>Ars Moriendi</em>, the Erotic Self and AIDS

<em>Ars Moriendi</em>, the Erotic Self and AIDS

Pleasures of Drinking: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate how drinking is related to positive expectations of the effects of drinking. Data emanates from Gender, Alcohol and Culture - An International Study (GENACIS), a collaborative project in which surveys from all included countries utilized the same core questionnaire. Three indicators for positive expectations were used, representing a social, relational, and intimate dimension. Cross-country comparisons of positive expectancy reports were conducted, as well as exploratory multiple regression analyses of the relationships between expectations and drinking. Volume and binge drinking were used as two indicators for drinking pattern. The share of current drinkers varied between countries and genders. In all countries, men reported on expectancies more often than women. Regression model results are variable and not directly interpretable into cultural patterns, across countries and continents.

Brief report: Intimacy, passion, and commitment in romantic relationships—Validation of a ‘triangular love scale’ for adolescents

This study examined the psychometric properties of an adolescent version of the ‘triangular love scale’ (TLS), which assesses three components of romantic relationships: intimacy, passion, and commitment. Using data from 435 Dutch adolescents aged 12–18 years, we found evidence for convergent validity, showing that dimensions of intimacy, passion, and commitment were all positively correlated with relationship satisfaction and duration. Evidence was also found for divergent validity, as adolescents’ perceptions of the main (dis)advantages of being involved in romantic relationships showed a specific pattern of associations with intimacy, passion, and commitment. Finally, CFA analyses in LISREL showed that a model in which all separate questionnaire items were specified to load on three underlying, correlated factors (intimacy, passion, commitment) fit the data adequately. Overall, this measure seems appropriate for use with adolescents.

Does one person provide it all? Defining the social support of women with cancer

8611 Background: Medical care encourages the appointment of a health care proxy in the event the patient cannot make decisions and it is assumed that this same person will serve other critical roles for the patient. Yet, this assumption that a patient truly relies on the same person for various supportive roles has never been formally evaluated. We hypothesized that there may be a large proportion of women with cancer who do not rely on the same person to be their primary support (PS), to participate in health care decision making as proxy (HCP), and serve as an emergency contact (EC). In order to evaluate this we conducted a questionnaire over a six-month period for women treated in the Program in Women’s Oncology (PWO). Methods: Patients seen at the PWO for a cancer diagnosis were invited to participate in a four part survey on social supports. Demographic data including age, race, cancer diagnosis, date of diagnosis, and current status were collected by chart review. Categorical variables were analyzed using Fisher’s Exact Test or Chi-square analysis. Results: Over 6 months, 224/228 women (98%) agreed to participate. The median age was 58 (range, 30–85). 138 (62%) had breast cancer, 78 (35%) had a gynecologic cancer, and 8 (3.5%) had a non-gyn/non-breast tumor (6/8 colorectal). 66% were married, 8% had a partner, and 26% did not identify a partner. In this sample, 43% did not name the same person as EC, PS, and HCP. 75% named the EC as HCP, 68% EC as PS, and 62% PS as HCP (p<0.05). Of married women (n=147) only 60% named their spouse to all three roles. Divorced women were not as likely to name a partner to one of these roles as were single women with partners. When asked to define primary support, women had diverse perspectives spanning the emotional, physical, intimate, and spiritual dimensions. Age did not appear to be a significant predictor of how these questions were answered. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the complex social support structures of women with cancer. Understanding these relationships may help to enable more effective patient-centered interventions designed to improve quality of care and ultimately the quality of life of cancer survivors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Tobacco Use in Intimate Spaces: Issues in the Study of Couple Dynamics

Few guidelines exist for using qualitative research to examine couple dynamics in contexts complicated by strong social stigmas and wide-ranging patterns of interpersonal relationships. The purpose of this article is to describe the methodological and ethical issues that arose in an ongoing qualitative study focused on tobacco reduction in the context of couple relationships, and the strategies undertaken to deal with these challenges. The authors discuss their experiences with the following: recruitment in the context of social stigma and the potential for intracouple coercion, data collection and the implications of uncovering intimate dimensions of couples' lives, the impact of the research process on mothers' vulnerability, and the challenges of capturing shared, "dyad" experiences. These issues point to unique challenges in conducting qualitative research with couples and families and provide a useful base for similar studies.

Katherine Paston and Brilliana Harley: Maternal Letters and the Genre of Mother's Advice

Katherine Paston and Brilliana Harley:Maternal Letters and the Genre of Mother's Advice Raymond A. Anselment Among the conduct books popular in the early seventeenth century are several on maternal advice written by women who found in the newly acknowledged responsibilities of motherhood the potential for personal fulfillment.1 In particular, the numerous editions of works by Elizabeth Grymeston, Dorothy Leigh, and Elizabeth Joscelin reflect the growing Protestant recognition that mothers must share with their husbands the obligation to ensure their children's welfare.2 For any woman who has "carried her child within her, so neere [End Page 431] her hart, and brought it forth into this world with so much bitter paine," Dorothy Leigh writes, the duty to nurture is undeniable: "Will shee not instruct it in the youth, and admonish it in the age, and pray for it continually?" 3 The bond formed in the womb, as Elizabeth Grymeston further emphasizes, becomes a means of fulfillment: "There is no loue so forcible as the loue of an affectionate mother to her natur all childe: there is no mother can either more affectionately shew her nature, or more naturally manifest her affection, than in aduising her children out of her own experience."4 And yet, paradoxically, maternal nature and affection seem largely secondary, if not absent, in the "true portraiture of thy mothers minde" Grymeston leaves her son;5 nor are they strikingly apparent in the legacies of the other authors to their children. Their desire to "shew my selfe a louing Mother, and a duti full Wife"6 is more complexly and movingly apparent in the writing of two other women not traditionally associated with mother's advice books, the letters of Katherine Paston (1578-1629) and Brilliana Harley (1600-43) to their sons.7 Unlike the writing of these two mothers' published counterparts, the private correspondence of each began when her firstborn left for university and was never intended for publication, so neither mother has any need to justify her advice. The other authors exploit the threat of imminent death as an occasion not only for their own self-presentation, [End Page 432] but also as justification for addressing a readership not limited to their children.8 The meditations and counsel Elizabeth Grymeston leaves to comfort her son and serve as her memorial sometimes blur the "thou" and "thy" addressed, more concerned with representing a "register" of the meditative mother than with providing genuine maternal advice beyond a number of saws and epigrams tacked on the end. While Elizabeth Joscelin assures her husband that her legacy is intended only for their unborn child, the service and devotion she prescribes befit an ideal daily religious practice that affirms her own faith and addresses fears of death in childbirth.9 Similarly, Dorothy Leigh's desire to provide her three sons temporal and spiritual sustenance finds in motherhood the voice customarily denied women in print: the tenor and cadences of The Mothers Blessing resemble those of a sermon intended for a public audience.10 Katherine Paston's and Brilliana Harley's letters, in contrast, consciously limit their audiences, never intending or assuming readers other than their sons. Lady Harley, in fact, explicitly warns her son not to let others see the letters, sending them by the "safe hand" of carriers she trusts and including a key to decipher some of the last correspondence. The forty-three Paston letters and the 197 Harley letters reflect a spirituality common to published maternal advice; their spontaneity, however, conveys a new dimension of intimacy and affection. Together the two collections of private correspondence written on similar [End Page 433] occasions provide the opportunity to reassess the extent to which two women embodied in their lives Protestant precepts about the so-called "new mother." Each mother reveals a distinctive individuality as a woman who defines herself by her son's development. When in January 1624 thirteen-year-old William Paston left his Norfolk home for Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and when in October 1638 fourteen-year-old Edward Harley left Brampton Bryan in Herefordshire for Magdalen Hall, Oxford, they parted from mothers who led comfortable gentry lives.11 In marrying Edmund Paston, Katherine...

Lived religion and family therapy: what does spirituality have to do with it?

This review examines fundamental and methodological issues concerning the cross-disciplinary efforts of family therapists to involve spirituality in their clinical practice. Training requirements, challenges, and limitations are discussed. It is suggested that the construct lived religion is the best starting point for this work. Lived religion is a term that addresses the real, lived, experiential, and intimate dimensions of our religious life. It is also tied to a variety of academic disciplines that can guide and deepen thought. Significant problems and limitations are identified with the term spirituality. It is suggested that if clinicians continue to prefer spirituality as a construct, that it be seen as a form or expression of lived religion. This way the links to various discipliines are maintained and idiosyncratic efforts will be minimized. Methods that attempt to integrate spirituality and family therpay are also found to be lacking. For nearly a half century American divinity schools have developed various co-relational methods which foster more respectful and productive discourse calling for the goals and objectives of mental health and religion to be equally value and maintained. In this way the piftalls of reductionism, or oversimplification, and anti-institutional bias can be lessened.

Examining the Dimensions of Intimacy in Twin and Peer Relationships

AbstractWhile it is widely assumed that twinship involves high levels of intimacy to the detriment of other relationships, an examination of twinship using measures of intimacy has not yet been conducted. Participants were 214 individual twins (128 MZ, 62 DZ same-sex, and 24 DZ mixed-sex) between 16–73 years of age. Twins completed measures of intimacy in reference to their co-twin, their closest same-sex friend, and their closest other-sex friend. As expected, the highest level of intimacy was reported for the co-twin. Contrary to expectation, MZ twins did not report significantly higher levels of intimacy with their co-twin, or significantly lower levels of intimacy with their closest friends when compared to DZ same-sex or DZ mixed-sex twins. Furthermore, twins who reported high levels of intimacy with their co-twin did not report significantly lower levels of intimacy with their closest friends. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Love: an emergent property of the mammalian autonomic nervous system.

The evolution of the autonomic nervous system provides an organizing principle to interpret the adaptive significance of mammalian affective processes including courting, sexual arousal, copulation, and the establishment of enduring social bonds. According to the Polyvagal Theory (Porges, 1995, 1996, 1997), the well-documented phylogenetic shift in the neural regulation of the autonomic nervous system passes through three stages, each with an associated behavioral strategy. The first stage is characterized by a primitive unmyelinated visceral vagus that fosters digestion and responds to threat by depressing metabolic activity. Behaviorally, the first stage is associated with immobilization behaviors. The second stage is characterized by the sympathetic nervous system that is capable of increasing metabolic output and inhibiting the visceral vagus to foster mobilization behaviors necessary for 'fight or flight'. The third stage, unique to mammals, is characterized by a myelinated vagus that can rapidly regulate cardiac output to foster engagement and disengagement with the environment. The mammalian vagus is neuroanatomically linked to the cranial nerves that regulate social engagement via facial expression and vocalization. The Polyvagal Theory provides neurobiological explanations for two dimensions of intimacy: courting and the establishment of enduring pair-bonds. Courting is dependent upon the social engagement strategies associated with the mammalian vagus. The establishment of enduring pair-bonds is dependent upon a co-opting of the visceral vagus from an immobilization system associated with fear and avoidance to an immobilization system associated with safety and trust. The theory proposes that the phylogenetic development of the mammalian vagus is paralleled by a specialized communication, via oxytocin and vasopressin, between the hypothalamus and the medullary source nuclei of the viscera vagus, which facilitates sexual arousal, copulation, and the development of enduring pair-bonds.

Intimacy: Personal Relationships in Modern Societies

Acknowledgements. 1. Introduction. A Story of Intimacy?. The Wider Significance of Intimacy in Personal Life. Dimensions of Intimacy. Stories and Story Tellers. Conclusion. 2. From a The Familya to Sex and Industry. . The Making of the Conventional Modern Family. Visions of the Future. 3. Parenting and Intimacy. Mothers and Fathers as Intimates. More Shared Caring Between Mothers and Fathers?. Parenting: Trends in Intimacy and Democracy?. 4. Are Good Friends All You Need? . Friends, Kin and Intimacy. Gender, Heterosexuality, Friendship and Intimacy. 5. Sex and Intimacy. . Introduction. Stories of a Normal Sexa and Intimacy. The Realities of Sexual Lives. Stories, Practices and Social Change. 6. The Couple: Intimate and Equal? . The Heterosexual Couple: Still She the Housewife, He the Earner?. Domestic Violence and Forced Intimacy. Same--Sex Couples. Intimacy and Relationship Breakdown. 7. Conclusion. . Notes. Bibliography. Index.

Intimacy and Need Fulfillment in Couple Relationships

Two studies were conducted to explore the following questions: (i) does intimacy, within the context of a couple relationship, contribute to individual need fulfillment?; (ii) does self-disclosure have beneficial effects on need fulfillment without being accompanied by intimacy's others dimensions: positive affective tone and partner listening and understanding?; and (iii) does intimacy's impact on need fulfillment mediate its relationship with physical and psychological well-being? For the first study, 154 commuter university students completed questionnaire measures of well-being and the Need Fulfillment Inventory (NFI), a new paper-and-pencil test that assesses the agentic and communal dimensions of need fulfillment. Results from study 1 showed positive correlations between both agentic and communal need fulfillment and well-being. For the second study, 133 cohabiting couples were asked to complete the NFI, two measures of relational intimacy, five measures of well-being, and to keep a daily record of their interactions for a week. Factor analyses of the daily record data revealed three dimensions of verbally intimate interaction: positive affective tone, daily self-disclosure, and listening and understanding. Results supported the notion that relational intimacy, assessed globally and as a characteristic of the couples' daily interactions, is positively associated with individual need fulfillment. Self-disclosure's impact on need fulfillment was found to vary as a function of the other dimensions of intimacy present in the interactions. The pattern of moderation between self-disclosure and other dimensions of intimacy was not exactly as predicted, however; sometimes, self-disclosure may soften the detrimental effects of negative interactions on need fulfillment. Finally, the mediational hypothesis was mostly supported, which indicates that intimacy's relationship to psychological well-being is most likely accounted for by its effects on individual need fulfillment. Need fulfillment did not fully mediate the relationship between intimacy and depressive symptoms.

MARITAL INTIMACY NEEDS QUESTIONNAIRE: PRELIMINARY REPORT

Satisfaction with the intimacy one experiences in marriage is thought to be an important aspect of a successful marriage. For many clinicians and family researchers, intimacy has been narrowly conceptualized as a unidimensional construct and unidirectional process. The author, however, conceptualizes intimacy as a multifaceted construct. Furthermore, intimacy is seen as a dynamic, bidirectional, interactive, and reciprocal process that occurs between spouses. The author identifies nine dimensions of intimacy, each having four interrelated components. Clinical assessments of these dimensions and components can be accomplished by use of the Marital Intimacy Needs Questionnaire. This article offers the reader an introduction to the instrument.

Judezmo Philology in France: The Contribution of Haïm Vidal Séphiha

144 SHOFAR Spring 1996 Vol. 14, No.3 JUDEZMO PHILOLOGY IN FRANCE: THE CONTRIBUTION OF HAiM VIDAL SEPHIHA by Michael T. Ward Michael T. Ward, Associate Professor of Italian and Spanish at Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas, has published on the history of linguistics in Italica and Hispanic Review. Halm Vidal Sephiha is without doubt the most significant figure within current Judeo-Spanish studies in France. Despite the high quality and impressive quantity of his publications, however, he is not as well known within the United States as a scholar of his stature would merit. The present essay proposes to outline certain salient points of Sephiha's views as presented in two fundamental monographs, L'agonie des Judeo-Espagnols (appearing first in 1977) and Le judeo-espagnol (1986).1 These treatises incorporate material from numerous studies by the author and other researchers, data cited in both footnotes and bibliographies, which the reader is invited to consult for a fuller appreciation of Sephiha's contribution. Many individuals have devoted themselves to the topics he addresses, and it is not my intent to add to the body of knowledge thus far compiled. Sephiha refers modestly to Le judeo-espagnol as a "petit essai de vulgarisation"2; the following remarks aspire to a similar goal of promoting an increased familiarity with the theories of this eminent investigator. L'agonie des Judeo-Espagnols, the first volume of the diptych, was designed specifically (we are told) to function as "a wake-up call to my fellow Judeo-Spaniards who have become complacent" [une provocaIRai 'm Vidal SCphiha, L'agorzie desjudeo-Espagrzols, 3d ed. (Paris: Entente, 1991); Ie judeo-espagrzol (paris: Entente, 1986). 2SCphiha, Ie judeo-espagrlOl, pp. 85-86; cr. p. 83 n. 63. ]udezmo Philology in France 145 tion a l'adresse de mes co-judeo-Espagnols quelque peu assoupisV It traces the history of Spanish Jews beginning with their expulsion at the . hands of the Catholic Kings, presenting in detail the various migrations which took place in subsequent centuries. Sephiha furnishes a wealth of information concerning developments in those territories to which Judeo-Spanish groups traveled, focusing especially 'on occurrences within the Ottoman Empire and-during the period following the Shoah-on the decline in Jewish population which affected much of Europe. Also included in this work are a survey of the vicissitudes of the Judeo-Spanish press and an appendix supplying fascinating testimonies regarding institutions and individuals intimately involved with the struggle for survival on the part ofJudezmo speakers. Composed nearly a decade after L'agonie des ]udeo-Espagnols, Le judeo-espagnol is more concerned with the evolution and structure of the language itself, thus providing a perfect complement to the more sociological concerns manifest in the first volume. In addition to distinguishing two kinds ofJudeo-Spanish, separated by syntactic characteristics (as will be discussed below), Le judeo-espagnol is careful to give attention to both principal geographic varieties of the vernacular medium , Judezmo (prominent in the East) and Haketiya (spoken in northern Morocco and, in the form of Tetuani, in the region of Oranie). Following a survey of Judeo-Spanish written and oral literature of a ~iversity of classes, we are offered a rich anthology-parallel to that furnished in L'agonie des ]udeo-Espagnols-constructed to be "as evocative as possible " and to "show how much accumulation of data has been undertaken and how much remains to be done."4 Despite their clear and objective presentation of factual information , L'agonie des ]udeo-Espagnols and Le judeo-espagnol constitute as well overwhelmingly personal works. Indeed, it is this intimate dimension which adds significantly to the impact of Sephiha's exposition, making the volumes much more than treatises on sociological and linguistic events. Throughout his texts, the author strives successfully to convey with great poignancy the suffering to which so many have been subjected for so long a time. We read of such tragic matters as the agonizing and necessarily swift departure from Spain under pressure of the August 2, 1492 deadline (only one day before Columbus began his 'SCphiha, I.e judeo-espagnol, p. 37; cf. L'agoTlie des Judeo-EspagrlOls, p. i. (Translations throughout are mine.) 4SCphiha, I...

Construction and Validation of a Marital Intimacy Questionnaire

The degree of intimacy experienced in one's marital relationship significantly contributes to a person's physical, emotional, and psychological well-being. This contribution is attested by the growing number of research findings linking the failure to develop an intimate relationship with a partner to a variety of problems, including loneliness (Derlega & Margulis, 1982), marital dissatisfaction (Schaefer & Olson, 1981; Waring, McElrath, Mitchell, & Derry, 1981), physical illness (Reis, Wheeler, Kernis, Spiegel, & Nezlek, 1985), depression (Hickie et al., 1990; Waring & Patton, 1984), psychosomatic illness (Waring, 1983), and sexual abuse (Marshall, 1989). In view of these findings, it is not surprising to see that intimacy is increasingly recognized as a key characteristic of marital relationships, of which the importance is reflected in a large body of literature (for a review, see Van den Broucke, Vandereycken, & Veommen, in press). According to recent conceptualizations, marital intimacy may be regarded either as a process (i.e., a characteristic way of relating of two partners that develops over time), or as a state (i.e., a relatively stable structural quality of a relationship that emerges from this process; Acitelli & Duck, 1987). In the latter sense, it refers to a multidimensional construct, which may include such diverse aspects as reciprocal understanding, affection, self-validation, support, and commitment (Chelune, Robison, & Kommor, 1984; Reis & Shaver, 1988; Sternberg, 1988). Several of these aspects are contained in existing measures of marital intimacy. Examples of such instruments are the Personal Assessment of Intimacy in Relationships (PAIR; Schaefer & Olson, 1981), which provides information about the expected and perceived degree of marital intimacy in five areas (emotional, social, sexual, intellectual, and recreational); the Waring Intimacy Questionnaire (WIQ; Waring & Reddon, 1983), which measures eight components of intimacy (affection, expressiveness, compatibility, cohesion, sexuality, conflict resolution, autonomy, and identity); and the Intimate Bond Measure (IBM; Wilhelm & Parker, 1988), which assesses two dimensions of intimacy (care and control). All of these instruments have been empirically validated and their psychometric properties are well established. An important disadvantage, however, is that they are not based on a theoretical model of marital intimacy. As a result, it is not clear exactly what they measure. Although they all claim to assess marital intimacy, it is obvious that they are not tapping into the same dimensions, which raises concerns about their construct validity. Moreover, in want of a sound theoretical basis, the term intimacy is used in these questionnaires to indicate a heterogeneous mixture of variables, referring to both experiential aspects (e.g., cohesion or sexual fulfillment) and behavioral ones (e.g., expressing thoughts or resolving conflicts), and making no distinction between relational characteristics (e.g., compatibility), individual capabilities (e.g., expressing feelings), or qualities of the relationship between a couple and its social environment (e.g., autonomy towards one's parents). Thirdly, and perhaps most importantly, some of the dimensions assessed by the above instruments could be viewed as possible manifestations or outcomes of marital intimacy rather than as actual subdimensions of the construct. Sexuality, for example, has been found to correlate only moderately with marital intimacy (Patton & Waring, 1985). By including this aspect in an operational definition of intimacy, the latter, in fact, becomes a synonym for marital quality in general and does not add any new meaning to it. A THEORETICAL MODEL OF MARITAL INTIMACY A possible way to address the above shortcomings is to integrate theory formulation and test construction into a construct validation approach (Wiggins, 1973). …

Marital intimacy: Conceptualization and assessment

This paper examines the psychological literature with regard to marital intimacy, paying specific attention to the components and determinants of intimacy, its contribution to the development and maintenance of a satisfactory marital relationship, and its connection with the spouses' psychological well-being. Based upon a review of theoretical and empirical approaches to the conceptualization of intimacy, the authors propose a multidimensional model which includes six dimensions of intimacy: two on the individual level (authenticity and openness), three on the dyadic level (affective, cognitive, and instrumental interdependence), and one on the social group or network level (exclusiveness). The article concludes with a brief discussion of the most important instruments for the assessment of marital intimacy.

The Modified Interpersonal Relationship Scale: Reliability and Validity,

This study was designed to evaluate a modification of the Interpersonal Relationship Scale and to establish subscales representing dimensions of intimacy (N = 356). The initial self-report scale was tested for internal consistency reliability. Next, subscales were identified using principal components factoring with varimax rotation. Internal consistency reliability and concurrent validity of the modified over-all scale and subscales were examined. The modified scale and subscales provided reliable and valid measures of the quality of interpersonal relationships in young adults.

THE MODIFIED INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP SCALE: RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY

This study was designed to evaluate a modification of the Interpersonal Relationship Scale and to establish subscales representing dimensions of intimacy (N = 356). The initial self-report scale wa...