Dimensions Of Housing Research Articles

한부모 빈곤여성의 사회적 배제감이 탈빈곤 의지에 미치는 영향 -사회적 지지의 매개효과를 중심으로-

본 연구에서는 한부모 빈곤여성의 사회적 배제감이 탈빈곤 의지에 미치는 영향에서 사회적 지지의 매개효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 부산광역시와 김해시, 양산시에 거주하는 20세에서 60세까지의 한부모 빈곤여성 376명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구결과 다음과 같은 사실이 밝혀졌다. 첫째, 한부모 빈곤여성들은 건강차원과 관계차원, 생산차원, 소비차원, 정치참여차원, 그리고 주거 차원에서 배제감이 높을수록 사회적 지지가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 한부모 빈 여성들은 사회적 지지가 높을수록 탈빈곤 의지가 높았고, 건강차원과 관계차원, 생산차원, 소비차원, 정치참여차원, 그리고 주거차원에서 배제감이 높을수록 탈빈곤 의지가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 사회적 배제가 탈빈곤 의지에 미치는 영향에서 사회적 지지는 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 볼 때, 한부모 빈곤여성이 경험하는 사회적 배제감을 완화하고, 탈빈곤 의지를 증대시키기 위해서는 국가와 지역사회에 의한 공식적 사회적 지지와 이웃과 친구, 그리고 친지들의 비공식적 사회적 지지가 강화되어야 할 것으로 보인다. The purpose of this study was to examine whether social support produced any mediating effects when needy single mothers' sense of social exclusion affected their own will to escape poverty. The subjects in this study were 376 poor single mothers who resided in the cities of Busan, Gimhae and Yangsan and who were in their 20s to 60s. The findings of the study were as follows: First, the single mothers who lived in poverty were given less social support when they felt more excluded in the dimensions of health, relationships, production, consumption, political participation and housing. Second, the needy single mothers had a more will to escape poverty when more social support was provided and less will to escape poverty when they felt more excluded in the dimensions of health, relationships, production, consumption, political participation and housing. Third, social support produced mediating effects when social exclusion affected the will to escape poverty. The findings of the study suggest that in order to relieve needy single mothers' sense of social exclusion and bolster their will to escape poverty, formal social support from the nation and local community and informal social support from neighbors, friends and relatives should both be strengthened.

A multidimensional approach to child poverty in Taiwan

To elucidate the multidimensional nature of poverty, this study analyzed child deprivation and social exclusion in Taiwan. First, a fuzzy set approach was used to construct an aggregate poverty index, to measure the levels of perceived necessity, deprivation, and social exclusion experienced by children. The study involved conducting a decomposition analysis to measure the poverty index according to certain dimensions. Second, this study involved analyzing possible determinants of perceived necessity, deprivation, and social exclusion, using seemingly unrelated regression models. We used cross-sectional data obtained from the Household Living Conditions Survey conducted in 2014. The results suggest that over two-thirds of the respondents identified all the items as necessary. Three highest levels of perceived necessity were housing, medical care, and clothing dimensions. Children faced high risks of deprivation and exclusion. The three highest levels of deprivation and exclusion were exhibited in the dimensions of environment, recreation, and education; the lowest two levels of deprivation and exclusion were exhibited in the dimensions of medical care and housing. The dimensions with higher levels of deprivation and exclusion exhibited higher relative contributions to facilitating poverty reduction. Moreover, evaluation of income and expenditure, family income, and family type were significantly related to the degree of perceived necessity and the levels of deprivation and exclusion. Those living in families with a large number of children exhibited a higher level of deprivation. Education of the caregivers was closely linked to social exclusion of children. This paper represents preliminary and small-scale research; however, several implications for methodology and policy can be derived from this study.

Thermal–hydraulic evaluation of oscillating-flow regenerators using water: Experimental analysis of packed beds of spheres

Thermal regenerators that use liquid heat transfer fluids are being researched for their application in active caloric cooling/heat pumping systems. The performance of active caloric devices is significantly influenced by the regenerator thermal effectiveness and by viscous losses. The present paper is the first part of a study on the thermal–hydraulic evaluation of packed bed regenerators that use water as a thermal fluid. Here, a detailed experimental analysis of the thermal–hydraulic performance of regenerative matrices composed of packed beds of stainless steel spheres is carried out. A laboratory apparatus was developed to quantify the viscous losses and thermal effectiveness in oscillating-flow regenerators that use water as the heat transfer fluid. Operating parameters such as frequency and mass flow rate were varied to cover broad ranges of utilization and number of transfer units (NTU). The diameter of the spherical particles and the dimensions of the regenerator housing were also changed in order to evaluate their influence on the behavior of the time-dependent and time-average performance parameters.

Optimization of computation efficiency in underwater acoustic navigation system.

This paper presents a technique for the estimation of the relative bearing angle between the unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) and the base station for the homing and docking operations. The key requirement of this project includes computation efficiency and estimation accuracy for direct implementation onto the UUV electronic hardware, subject to the extreme constraints of physical limitation of the hardware due to the size and dimension of the UUV housing, electric power consumption for the requirement of UUV survey duration and range coverage, and heat dissipation of the hardware. Subsequent to the design and development of the algorithm, two phases of experiments were conducted to illustrate the feasibility and capability of this technique. The presentation of this paper includes system modeling, mathematical analysis, and results from laboratory experiments and full-scale sea tests.

Investigating the face inversion effect in a deaf population using the Dimensions Tasks

ABSTRACTEarly experience can change the way people process faces. Early deafness provides deaf children with the opportunity to learn sign language, which is likely to alter their face processing strategy. The goal of the current study was to investigate whether early deafness, combined with the sign language experience, was able to change the face processing strategy using the Dimensions Task. In the Face Dimensions Task, configural and featural information were parametrically and independently manipulated in the eye and mouth region of the face. The manipulations for configural information involved changing the distance between the eyes or the distance between the mouth and the nose. The manipulations for featural information involved changing the size of the eyes or the size of the mouth. Similar manipulations were applied in the House Dimensions Task, with top and bottom windows treated as eyes and mouth. In the Face Dimensions Task, both the signing deaf and hearing participants showed a larger inversion effect in the mouth condition than the eye condition. However, as compared to hearing participants, deaf participants showed smaller inversion effect in the mouth condition, because their performance in the inverted mouth condition was not compromised by inversion to the same extent as the hearing participants. In the House Dimensions Task, this effect was not present, suggesting that it was face specific. This effect could be explained by the redistributed attentional resources from the centre to peripheral visual fields of deaf participants.

Housing the knowledge economy in China: An examination of housing provision in support of science parks

Little attention is paid in the extant academic literature to the question of housing knowledge workers despite the potential mismatches between housing supply and demand. This paper provides an initial examination of housing the knowledge economy in China, focusing on three science parks (SPs): Zhongguancun (Z-Park, Beijing), Zhangjiang (Z-SHIP, Shanghai) and Optics Valley of China (OVC, Wuhan). It discusses to what extent, and how these three SPs have factored in the housing dimension in connection with the knowledge economy, paying particular attention to housing affordability, location (inside the SPs or outside in the wider city-region) and the mode of provision (market or state). Insights were drawn from documentary analysis and in-depth interviews in the three chosen case studies. Initial evaluation of policies geared towards housing supply in China suggests that the housing question needs to come to the fore in discussions of structural transformation towards the knowledge economy.

Housing in Brussels: diagnosis and challenges

This synopsis highlights the various facets of the housing problem in Brussels through different approaches (demographic, legal, political and sociological). It does not constitute an exhaustive state of knowledge regarding housing, but presents a panorama of current knowledge and challenges. It highlights the different dimensions of housing in the context of demographic growth and social fragmentation, reveals the controversies and debates on this subject and points out the main challenges for the future.

Quality of life in town: Views and actions of inhabitants of certain towns in Serbia

The paper is devoted to the analysis of quality of life in towns of Serbia based on subjective assessment of inhabitants of certain towns. Quality of life refers to the set of living conditions assessed in terms of satisfying human needs, and in an urban environment it could be observed in dimensions of housing, employment, education, culture, recreation, health, ecology, etc. The analysis has used data from survey research conducted by Institute for Sociological Research of University of Belgrade - Faculty of Philosophy in 2013-2015. Kragujevac, Sabac, Uzice, Novi Pazar, Sombor, Zrenjanin, Leskovac and Zajecar have been chosen as case studies, and the sample of each town is representative of the urban population aged from 18 to 65 years. The aim of the paper is to present results of the mentioned survey research in order to gain insight into certain aspects of subjective experience of quality of life in studied towns. The paper analyses important problems of local community or town that residents perceive as worrisome, then the most important improvement in quality of life in town during the last five years, according to the respondents, as well as the activities organised by residents themselves to improve the quality of life in their town. There are similarities between the mentioned towns, like unfavourable economic situation or low level of civic activism, but also some differences which point to the locally specific problems and solutions.

A REVIEW OF HOUSING PROVISION AND THE CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE HOUSING DELIVERY IN THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY ABUJA, NIGERIA

Housing, despite being one of the essential elements in the sustainability of human existence, remains a challenge particularly in the global south. Nigeria, the most populous country in west Africa has a gross housing deficit of seventeen million houses. This deficit keeps increasing due to high rate of urbanization and population growth thereby resulting in high rent, overcrowding and poor living conditions. Numerous research studies predominantly focused on investigating the challenges of housing delivery on the basis of quantity and quality perspectives. However, there is a dearth of evidence-based studies regarding the challenges militating against sustainable housing provision. This paper attempts to fill this gap by presenting an overview of the housing provision and the challenges militating against sustainable housing provision in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria. The article indicated that despite concerted efforts involving the adoption of both public sector “provider” and “enabler” approaches, challenges still exit towards sustainable housing delivery particularly to the low-income group. The paper recommends that housing policies and programs in the country should be designed to address the multi benefit objectives of social, economic and environmental dimensions of housing so as to achieve sustainable housing delivery in the country.

How substandard dwellings and housing affordability problems are associated with poor health in a vulnerable population during the economic recession of the late 2000s.

IntroductionGiven the increasing number of people in Spain struggling to pay housing-related costs during the economic recession, it is important to assess the health status of these communities as compared to the general population and to better understand the different housing dimensions that are related with poor mental health. This study aims to describe the housing conditions and health status of a sample of people assisted by Caritas Barcelona (Spain) and living in inadequate housing and/or struggling to pay their rent or mortgage, to compare the health outcomes of this population with those of the overall population of Barcelona, and to analyze the association between housing dimensions and mental health.MethodsWe used a cross-sectional design. The participating adults (n = 320) and children (n = 177) were those living in the dioceses of Barcelona, Sant Feliu and Terrassa (Spain) in 2012 and assisted by Cáritas. They were asked to answer to three questionnaires on housing and health conditions. Eight health related variables were used to compare participants with Barcelona’s residents and associations between housing conditions and poor mental health were examined with multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsIn Barcelona, people seeking Caritas’s help and facing serious housing problems had a much poorer health status than the general population, even when compared to those belonging to the most deprived social classes. For example, 69.4 % of adult participants had poor mental health compared to 11.5 % male and 15.2 % female Barcelona residents. Moreover, housing conditions were associated with poor mental health.ConclusionsThis study has shown how, in a country hit by the financial recession, those people facing housing problems have much worse health compared to the general population.

Et monumentalt midtsulehus ved Nørre Holsted i Sydjylland

Et monumentalt midtsulehus ved Nørre Holsted i Sydjylland

Minimal Dimensions of a Small House by Means of Optimization Procedure

Minimal Dimensions of a Small House by Means of Optimization Procedure

Stress Analysis and Optimal Design of the Housing of a Two-Stage Gear Reducer

The design of the housings of the gear reducers is made, usually, using empirical equations based on the center distance (the distance between shafts). These equations can lead to inappropriate stresses distribution and inadequate material consumption at the final product. In the manufacturing of large series and in the manufacturing of the gear reducers/ gearboxes with large dimensions it is necessary an optimization of the housing dimensions. The use of the finite element analysis in this process, combined with experimental researches, can generate significant improvements. The paper is focused on the analysis of stresses distribution and displacements on the housing of a two-stage helical gear reducer with parametric dimensions and loads. The housing is subjected to a static finite element study. The optimization process aimed to minimize the total weight of the housing. The next features were submitted to dimensional changes: the thickness of the housing walls and the thickness of the ribs. The results presented as diagrams of stresses and displacements distributions show real opportunities to reduce the total weight of the housing and the material consumption.

Examining mediators of housing mobility on adolescent asthma: Results from a housing voucher experiment

Literature on neighborhood effects on health largely employs non-experimental study designs and does not typically test specific neighborhood mediators that influence health. We address these gaps using the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) housing voucher experiment. Research has documented both beneficial and adverse effects on health in MTO, but mediating mechanisms have not been tested explicitly. We tested mediation of MTO effects on youth asthma (n = 2829). MTO randomized families living in public housing to an experimental group receiving a voucher to subsidize rental housing, or a control group receiving no voucher, and measured outcomes 4–7 years following randomization. MTO had a harmful main effect vs. controls for self-reported asthma diagnosis (b = 0.24, p = 0.06), past-year asthma attack (b = 0.44, p = 0.02), and past-year wheezing (b = 0.17, p = 0.17). Using Inverse Odds Weighting mediation we tested mental health, smoking, and four housing dimensions as potential mediators of the MTO–asthma relationship. We found no significant mediation overall, but mediation may be gender-specific. Gender-stratified models displayed countervailing mediation effects among girls for asthma diagnosis by smoking (p = 0.05) and adult-reported housing quality (p = 0.06), which reduced total effects by 35% and 42% respectively. MTO treatment worsened boys' mental health and mental health reduced treatment effects on asthma diagnosis by 27%. Future research should explore other potential mediators and gender-specific mediators of MTO effects on asthma. Improving measurement of housing conditions and other potential mediators may help elucidate the “black box” of neighborhood effects.

Housing Indicators for Assessing Quality of Life in Lithuania

The paper deals with quality of life in terms of housing and develops the indicator system for quality of life assessment in the housing sector. The increase of the quality of life is the main aim of sustainable development. The quality of life is being assessed by applying various dimensions, various indicators. The housing dimension is one of the major issues affecting the quality of life. The housing indicators reflecting the quality of life can be assessed by applying quality of housing, quality of housing environment and housing cost burden indicators. The paper presents the concept of assessment of housing dimension in the quality of life measurements and the main indicators relevant to this dimension of quality of life. The dynamics of housing indicators relevant to quality of life were investigated in Lithuania and other EU Member States, the housing indicators were compared for three Baltic States and policy recommendations were developed.

Subprime Lending and its Impacts on Rural Housing Markets

Housing markets and mortgage lending played critical roles in the ‘Great Recession,’yet the ways in which this recent and acute economic crisis have played out within rural and small town America are poorly understood. The narrow research and media focus on overheated housing markets in rapidly growing metropolitan areas such as Las Vegas or Phoenix is understandable, yet housing plays a somewhat distinct role in rural communities where a larger share of the population owns their own home, and a larger proportion of the workforce is employed in the home construction sector. This paper draws on an array of publically available data sources to examine various dimensions of nonmetropolitan subprime lending and housing markets at different spatial scales over the time period leading up to and following the ‘Great Recession. ‘ At the county level, analysis revealed striking regional variation in nonmetropolitan subprime lending. Individual-level analysis highlights the racial, economic, and geographic factors that distinguished subprime borrowers. The final stage of analysis focused on housing units financed with higher cost loans and revealed these structures to be older, experience greater residential turnover, and to be increasingly likely to be ‘underwater’ as their homeowners owed more than the properties were currently worth.

AAn assessment and analysis of indices and factors of sustainable rural housing (Case study: Rural areas in Central District of Ravansar County)

1-Introduction Rural sustainable housing can be one of important indexes in development of rural. Compiling a program in rural sustainable housing district needs identify and analysis of the dimensions and various components of that and this indexes as a plan and essential tool for expression and sustainable of the different dimensions of social, economic and physical housing sustainable have a special place in rural house planning. The quantitative and qualitative status indexes show rural housing and improvement of house planning for a long term horizon. Therefore, identify the most important indexes and the viewing of specify and assessment of indexes and its viewing in rural different centers is an issue this study has raised to answer in its. Housing is something more than an alone physical shelter and all services and necessary public facilities, including for human welfare and must prepared a lien somewhat long and confident for its users. Housing is like physical facilities unit or similar an economic commodity and high durability that also has social role or group and in addition to these, including to resolving of financial needs as status views and also is socio - economic condition of individuals. One of the issues that the attention had shifted to its housing and sustainable development and consistent with its human development. In such the strategy for use of resources and facilities, without destruction are considering. The important that has been consider in the documents of second of meeting human settlements, importance of sustainable settlements and providing adequate housing is for people in the development process. Sustainable housing is housing that is economical appropriate, socially acceptable, Possible in terms of technical and physical and strong and consistent is with environment. The type of housing that the biological needs of current generations based on natural resources, energy efficiency meet and condition attractive neigh borhoods and safe for attention to ecological issues, cultural and economic to require is sustainable housing. 2-Methodology The research method in the study is descriptive –analytical and also measurable .The goal of this research is an application research that has been compound. For data collection two methods of library and documentary and also was used the field method and direct observation. The main tool of this research is a questionnaire which its content validity finally has been approved and reform by the university professor and experts of foundation housing. The statistical society of the research is the heads of households housing units in Ravansar township Central district rural area (2351 people) , thus access to the logical volume of the sample of the Cochran,s formula was used that volume of statiscal society in Ravansar township Central district rural area, it was determined 200 the head of households to answer the questions of questionnaire .In the research for sampling in rurals were used class randomly method. 3-Discussion Complex issues of sustainable development, requires an integrated set and together of recommender (indexes) is in the form of indexes. The indexes should be integrated in the set are made of recommender. The indexes are designed with the global experiences, internal experiences, and proportional to area conditions (localization indexes). After determining indicators and the primary indicators of rural sustainable housing in the study area, to identify the primary the factors infrastructure of the primary indicators of the research was used factorial model. After determining the nature of the factors, for the sustainability of rural housing for the study area is determined; the primary indicators in each factor were combined and each factor as separate in one sample T test were analyzed . 4-Conclusion The results from factorial model show that five factors of economic, welfare, the strength of foundation, compatible with the environment and utilization of effective factors are in sustainability of rural housing. The study of five factors show that economic factor, welfare and the strength of foundation are in somewhat stable condition while the compatible with environment and utilization factors are in unstable condition. 5- Suggestions - More attentions to economic dimension of housing by facilitating qualifications for housing loans, reducing missionary payments for all of the villagers and paying grants to needy villagers. - Education and promotion of rural subsistence actualities such as carpet weaving, dairy productions and etc to increase revenue and enhancing inscription of housing in rural livelihoods. - Use of suitable endemic materials for reducing the cost of housing. - Providing conductor design for villages to building new constructions in the framework of this project and causing no destruction in natural resources (jungles, grasslands and …). - Trash placed in proper locations in studied villages as for unstable index of sensation of residential units in not producing waste materials and application of garbage collection machineries.

Cultural Dimensions of African Immigrant Housing in Toronto: A Qualitative Insight

This qualitative study examines the lived experiences of Ghanaians and Somalis in Toronto, highlighting the multifaceted interplays between their cultures, housing problems, and coping strategies. We found that, unlike the situation in their homelands where many were involved in communal living out of desire, in Toronto many are driven to live communally for reasons of cost. Also, some respondents have to either improvise, or totally forgo, various culinary practices because of the ways homes are designed in Toronto. Perhaps, no other cultural attribute was found to be more consequential in the housing decisions of our respondents than their religion; not only did it influence their choice of neighborhood and whether or not their internal living arrangements were gendered, but it also had some bearing on the acquisition of interest-laden loans for housing among many Somalis.

Ulster’s Early Medieval Houses

ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS OF excavated early medieval houses coupled with the examination of early Irish texts suggest that the location, layout and dimensions of houses were instrumental in communicating status in early medieval Ulster. Changes to houses and settlements from the 9th century onwards may reflect an insecure society adapting to major socio-economic changes and the threat of slave rather than cattle raiders.

Housing and the Material Imagination – Earth, Fire, Air and Water

This paper focuses on the possibilities of the material imagination as a theoretical and practical lens for contemporary housing research. The emphasis is on housing/home as complex material cultural assemblages interwoven across the four key ancient elements: earth, air, fire and water. The principle behind the material imagination is that “matter” – which we are immersed in and indeed ourselves composed of – is important, indeed underpins everything, and yet is typically rendered invisible within housing theory and research. As a critical response to social scientific engagement – “a needed radical corrective” – the potential of the material imagination for housing theory and practice is considered in ways that purposively attend to the elemental dimensions of housing as dynamic, fluid environments comprised of living matter. Suggestions for taking this approach forward through empirical housing studies are outlined.