Dimensions Of Fit Research Articles

Research on the relationship between physical literacy and demographic variables and interpersonal support for physical exercise among adolescents in China.

In recent decades, the concept of "Physical Literacy" has emerged as a significant breakthrough in enhancing the physical health of children and adolescents. This concept has become the guiding principle and future direction for physical education reform in Western countries. As China's economic and social development enters a new phase, the negative impact of insufficient physical activity on adolescent health remains a significant challenge to the strategies of "Healthy China" and "A Leading Sports Nation." The unique value of physical literacy, which emphasizes the importance of regular physical activity, aligns perfectly with the developmental needs of the nation, the era, and individuals. Given the crucial role of interpersonal support in the development of adolescents' physical literacy, this study employs questionnaire surveys and statistical analysis to investigate the current state of physical literacy among Chinese adolescents. It explores the predictive relationship between parental support, teacher support, and peer support on physical literacy, aiming to provide guidance for the future development of adolescents' physical literacy. The research findings indicate significant differences in the five dimensions of physical literacy (attitude, sports knowledge, emotion, athletic ability, and physical fitness) among adolescents of different grades and residence type. Additionally, there are notable gender differences in the dimensions of sports knowledge, emotion, and athletic ability. The interaction effect of gender and grade is particularly evident in the emotional and physical fitness dimensions. There is a significant correlation between interpersonal support and all dimensions of physical literacy. After controlling for variables such as gender, grade, and family background, interpersonal support for adolescent physical exercise was found to have a significant impact on all dimensions of physical literacy. Among the forms of support, peer support was identified as a more powerful predictor of physical literacy compared to parental and teacher support.

A Configural Theory of Person-Environment Fit Through the Lens of Collectivism

ABSTRACT Fit with multiple layers of the organizational environment is essential for the effective functioning of employees. However, our knowledge of complex co-influences of multiple person-environment (p-E) fit types on work outcomes remains mostly theoretical. Drawing on sensemaking theory and collectivistic cultural frameworks, this study develops a configural theory of p-E fit. We then apply a fuzzy set approach to empirically demonstrate that work attitudes (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention) are a function of (a) employees’ holistic perceptions of p-E fit instead of independent fit dimensions; and (b) configurations consisting of multi-fit perceptions are formed in response to a confluence of both in-group and institutional collectivism. We also show that p-E fit perceptions are characterized by equifinality (i.e. multiple solutions exist for each work attitude). Our study not only applies a cultural lens to examine multi-fit models but also highlights the importance of fine-tuning complex collectivistic influences.

Physical Fitness Determinants of a Military Casualty Evacuation Test.

Casualty evacuation has been identified as a typical and essential single military task which every soldier should be able to perform rapidly during combat. Previous studies suggest that casualty evacuation is typically conducted by dragging and demands e.g., lean body mass and anaerobic performance. Association of physical fitness with casualty evacuation by dragging has been studied widely but previous studies lack comprehensive assessment of all physical fitness determinants. The purpose of the present study was to examine comprehensively how casualty emergency evacuation (CEE) performance associates with physical fitness and body composition. A total of 25 conscripts (20 men, 5 women) volunteered for measurements of height, weight, waist circumference, body composition, 1-min sit-ups and push-ups, grip strength, isometric bench and leg press, standing long jump, 30-s cycle ergometer test, and 12-min run test. Subjects performed a CEE test in which evacuation time (ET), heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and rate of perceived exertion were measured. In the CEE test, subjects wore combat gear (11.7 ± 1.6 kg) and dragged a doll wearing combat gear (80.2 kg) 28 m while crawling (go round two cones, Z-pattern) and 20 m upright (straightforward). Correlations and backward regression analysis were used for statistical analyses. The level of significance was set to P ≤ .05. Evacuation time lasted on average 87 ± 32 s with a peak heart rate of 184 ± 6 bpm, lactate concentration of 9.4 ± 2.7 mmol/l, and RPE of 17 ± 1. Evacuation time correlated inversely and strongly with anaerobic capacity and power (r = -0.72-0.78, P ≤ .001), but not with aerobic fitness. Inverse and strong correlations were observed between ET and maximal strength variables (r = -0.58-0.69, P ≤ .01), whereas muscular endurance and ET revealed non-significant correlations. Evacuation time correlated moderate to strongly with body fat percentage (r = 0.48, P ≤ .05) and inversely with lean body mass (r = -0.74, P ≤ .001) and body height (r = -0.53, P ≤ .01). The backward regression analysis showed that anaerobic capacity (standardized β = -0.52, P ≤ .001), fat percentage (standardized β = 0.40, P ≤ .001), and isometric leg press (standardized β = -0.25, P ≤ .1) together explained the variance of ET significantly (adjusted R2 = 0.84, P ≤ .001). This study examined thoroughly how different physical fitness dimensions and body composition relate to a CEE test performed by a combination of dragging while crawling and in upright position. Casualty emergency evacuation was discovered as a high-intensity military task, which demands most importantly high anaerobic performance, lean body mass, and maximal strength capabilities. Improving these dimensions of physical fitness should be considered highly important as CEE is essential and possibly one of the most demanding military tasks which every soldier should be able to conduct in combat. From operational perspective, it is relevant that soldiers are able to perform CEE during operations; therefore, further research is needed on how acute operational stress changes the nature of CEE and its physical determinants.

Toward whole-person fit assessment: Integrating interests, values, skills, knowledge, and personality using the Occupational Information Network (O*NET).

Measuring person-occupation fit serves many important purposes, from helping young people explore majors and careers to helping jobseekers assess fit with available jobs. However, most existing fit measures are limited in that they focus on single individual difference domains without considering how fit may differ across multiple domains. For example, a jobseeker might be highly interested in a job, yet not possess the requisite skills or knowledge to perform the job well. The current research addresses this issue by evaluating an integrative set of person-occupation fit assessments that measure 88 fit dimensions across five domains: vocational interests, work values, knowledge, skills, and personality. These measures were either newly developed or adapted from existing assessments to directly correspond with occupational variables from the Occupational Information Network database. Across three studies with diverse samples, we obtained extensive reliability and validity evidence to evaluate the fit assessments. Results consistently showed that integrating across fit domains led to practical improvements in predictions of relevant outcomes, including career choice and subjective and objective career success. However, some fit measures (i.e., interests and knowledge) were generally more predictive of outcomes than others (i.e., personality), thus warranting greater consideration for use in research and applied contexts. We discuss how our results advance theoretical and practical knowledge concerning the measurement of person-occupation fit in the modern labor market. Moreover, to inspire additional research and applications involving whole-person fit measurement, we made all newly developed fit assessments publicly available, providing guidance for using them with the Occupational Information Network database. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Functional fitness and physical independence in later years: cut-off values and validation

BackgroundTo establish and validate the criterion-referenced standards of functional fitness in predicting physical independence in 80 + years.MethodsA group of 2,749 older community dwellers (60–84 years) were recruited, and 2,050 were identified with moderate-to-high independent living ability according to the proposed minimum composite physical function score. The Senior Fitness Test battery was applied to measure functional fitness at five-year intervals. The declining rate for each fitness dimension was calculated based on the differences between any two adjacent age groups and was adjusted according to the reported degradation rate differences between the cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.ResultsThe age-and-sex-specific criterion-referenced standards were identified for muscle strength, cardiovascular endurance, and dynamic balance that older adults should possess at 60–79 to maintain independent living abilities. Moderate to high consistency (k = 0.622–0.650) and associations (φ = 0.641–0.694) were found between the predicted physical independence by criterion-referenced standards of functional fitness and the results from the composite physical function scale. Moreover, the predicted independent living abilities in later years from the criterion-referenced standards of functional fitness showed high test-retest reliability (Pa = 0.90–0.96).ConclusionThe criterion-referenced standards for functional fitness are valid and reliable to predict independent living abilities in later years, and provide the threshold to identify the limitations in physical fitness and detect the risks of functional disabilities among older adults in an early stage.

Mental Health and Physical Fitness during Adolescence in a Region of Southeastern Spain

Life satisfaction has been identified as a cognitive indicator of subjective well-being as well as self-image, and these become fundamental factors in the development of young people during adolescence. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the possible associations between life satisfaction and self-perceived physical fitness in adolescents from a region of southeastern Spain. In addition, the aim is to evaluate the influence in these associations of gender and urban or rural living environment. For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was carried out with 688 secondary school students (12 to 16 years old) in which the “Satisfaction with Life Scale” and the “Visual Analogical Scale of Physical Fitness Perception for Adolescents” were applied. The associations of the scales were analyzed through Spearman’s Rho test and the consistency of the scales through Cronbach’s Alpha. In addition, a linear regression analysis was carried out to evaluate the contributions of the different dimensions of physical fitness to the life satisfaction of the students. Medium, positive and significant correlations were found between the dimensions of physical fitness and life satisfaction. Similarly, the regression model showed that general physical fitness and endurance explained 20% of the variance in life satisfaction. Therefore, educational interventions and policies must take this information into account when designing and developing actions aimed at improving these cognitive factors.

Associations between person-environment fit and mental health - results from the population-based LIFE-Adult-Study

Within occupational settings, mental health of employees can be affected by complex interactions between individuals and their work environment. The aim of this cross-sectional analysis was to investigate the association between person-environment fit and mental health in employees. Data of n = 568 participants from the LIFE adult cohort study was analysed, including socio-demographic characteristics, three dimensions of person-environment fit (P-E fit), symptoms of depression and anxiety. Assessment took place between 2017 and 2021. Statistical analysis included descriptive analyses as well as generalized linear regression models adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic status, marital status, and job status. Correlational analysis revealed significant associations between age, marital status, SES, employment status, symptoms of depression and anxiety and P-E fit. According to regression models, greater perceived fit between person and organization was associated with lower depression scores and lower symptoms of anxiety. Higher perceived fit between demands and abilities was significantly related to lower severity of depression and anxiety. Similarly, participants reporting a higher fit between needs and supplies, exhibited less symptom severity regarding depression and anxiety. These results underline the importance of person-environment fit regarding mental health. Finding ways to obtain an optimal balance should not only be recognized as an important factor for health and well-being, but might also be beneficial for organizations and employers in the long-term.

Physical fitness in the elderly

This semi-experimental study aimed to investigate the impact of personalized and supervised exercise on the physical fitness of elderly people. Ninety people aged 60 or over took part in the study, in which significant improvements were observed in various dimensions of physical fitness. The data analyzed showed significant improvements in several dimensions of physical fitness. In particular, localized muscular strength and endurance showed substantial gains, highlighting the effectiveness of our exercise programs in improving functional capacity. When comparing the diagnostic and formative assessments, differences were observed, including improvements in body composition, localized muscular endurance, muscular strength and a positive evolution in the general fitness index (∆% = 7.89%, p>0.0001). This study emphasizes the possible benefits of individualized and supervised exercise programs to promote physical fitness and independence in the elderly population.

Research on Energy Loss of Optimization of Inducer–Impeller Axial Fit Dimensions Based on Wave-Piercing Theory

With the development of modern fluid machinery, the energy density of pumps is gradually being improved, and at the same time, higher demands are being placed on the cavitation performance, hence the introduction of the inducer and centrifugal impeller to form a dynamic–dynamic series structure. However, there are strict constraints on the axial size of pumps in fields such as firefighting and aerospace. The traditional empirical formula no longer satisfies the need to fit the axial dimensions between the induced wheel and the impeller at high velocities. Therefore, based on the wave-piercing theory, the drag reduction coefficient is introduced to explore the optimal axial fit size from the perspective of energy characteristics. This paper focuses on the influence of the inducer’s wake on the energy characteristics of downstream impellers, and conducts the following research: by adjusting the axial matching dimensions between the upstream inducer and the centrifugal impeller in the initial model, ten sets of axial distance models with matching dimensions of KD are designed, and the drag reduction coefficient is embedded to determine the optimal axial distance. The results show that the optimal axial distance is 0.2D, which is far lower than the axial distance value of 0.42D obtained from the traditional empirical formula for axial matching dimensions. Meanwhile, this paper uses tangential velocity, the inlet flow angle of the impeller, entropy production theory, and other indicators to analyze the internal energy loss of the high-speed vehicular fire pumps one by one. All of them confirm that the impeller in the high-speed vehicular fire pump has the lowest energy loss and optimal performance at an axial distance of 0.2D. Specifically, at this axial distance, the head can reach 259 m, and the hydraulic efficiency is as high as 83.62%. Thus, the feasibility of determining the axial placement of the impeller using the drag coefficient is validated. This research provides new insights into determining the axial coordination dimensions between the inducer and the impeller.

Improving the quality of hires via the use of machine learning and an expansion of the person–environment fit theory

PurposeOur proposed machine learning model contributes to improving the quality of Hire by providing a more nuanced and comprehensive analysis of candidate attributes. Instead of focusing solely on obvious factors, such as qualifications and experience, our model also considers various dimensions of fit, including person-job fit and person-organization fit. By integrating these dimensions of fit into the model, we can better predict a candidate’s potential contribution to the organization, hence enhancing the Quality of Hire.Design/methodology/approachWithin the scope of the investigation, the competencies of the personnel working in the IT department of one in the largest state banks of the country were used. The entire data collection includes information on 1,850 individual employees as well as 13 different characteristics. For analysis, Python’s “keras” and “seaborn” modules were used. The Gower coefficient was used to determine the distance between different records.FindingsThe K-NN method resulted in the formation of five clusters, represented as a scatter plot. The axis illustrates the cohesion that exists between things (employees) that are similar to one another and the separateness that exists between things that have their own individual identities. This shows that the clustering process is effective in improving both the degree of similarity within each cluster and the degree of dissimilarity between clusters.Research limitations/implicationsEmployee competencies were evaluated within the scope of the investigation. Additionally, other criteria requested from the employee were not included in the application.Originality/valueThis study will be beneficial for academics, professionals, and researchers in their attempts to overcome the ongoing obstacles and challenges related to the securing the proper talent for an organization. In addition to creating a mechanism to use big data in the form of structured and unstructured data from multiple sources and deriving insights using ML algorithms, it contributes to the debates on the quality of hire in an entire organization. This is done in addition to developing a mechanism for using big data in the form of structured and unstructured data from multiple sources.

A Meta-Analytic Review of Job Embeddedness and Turnover Intention: Evidence from South-East Asia

This meta-analytic study examines the relationship between job embeddedness and turnover intention in Thailand and Indonesia. Through the analysis of 22 independent samples consisting of 8,196 participants, the aim is to determine the universal applicability of job embeddedness as a predictor of employee turnover. Using the Hunter and Schmidt method, ensuring methodological rigor and accuracy in the estimation and interpretation of effect sizes, the study finds a significant negative association between job embeddedness and turnover intention ( r = −.44). The dimensions of fit and sacrifice are both negatively correlated with employees’ decision to quit ( r = −.27 for both), while the dimension of link does not exhibit such a relationship. Organizational embeddedness and community embeddedness are both negatively associated with turnover intention, with organizational embeddedness being a stronger predictor. The moderating effect of gender on the relationship between job embeddedness and turnover intention is not supported. The study concludes by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of the findings, highlighting the need for further empirical research on job embeddedness and turnover intention in the Southeast Asian context.

Effect of mat pilates training program on functional fitness in older adults

Background and Study Aim. The increasing recognition of pilates as a comprehensive exercise regimen tailored to the needs of the elderly population underscores its growing importance. This shift in emphasis reflects a growing awareness of the potential benefits of pilates for older adults' overall well-being. Study Aim - to investigate the potential benefits of a six-week mat pilates training (MPT) program on the functional fitness of older adults. Material and Methods. In total, a group of 30 elderly individuals (i.e., NMale=18 and NFemale=12), who regularly frequented a local playground, participated in a quasi-experimental study. The study involved pre-test and post-test assessments and was conducted over a period of six weeks. Participants underwent an MPT program (six days a week for six weeks, 60 minutes per session). Were assessed for various functional fitness parameters: lower-body strength (LBS), upper-body strength (UBS), aerobic endurance (AE), lower-body flexibility (LBF), upper-body flexibility (UBF), agility (AG), and Body Mass Index (BMI). A paired-sample t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results. The MPT resulted in significant (p<0.001) improvement in LBS (9.71%), UBS (8.33%), AE (7.11%), LBF (13.48%), UBF (98.78%) and AG (10.52%) post-intervention. However, no significant change was noted in the BMI. Conclusions. A MPT program significantly enhances various dimensions of functional fitness in older adults, excluding BMI. The study results have profound implications for older individuals’ well-being and quality of life. Given the global trend towards an ageing population, pilates emerges as an essential intervention for promoting active ageing, potentially improving daily functioning, reducing fall risk, and enhancing independence in the elderly.

An analysis of the influence of physical activity break on primary school student fitness

To avoid issues with primary school pupils' sedentary lifestyle and fitness, it is important to evaluate how long they sit while studying in class. This study aims to ascertain 1) the impact of physical activity breaks on elementary school students' physical fitness, and 2) the variation in the improvement in physical fitness of elementary school students between the group with physical activity break intervention and the group without intervention. This is a quasi-experimental study with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The study's subjects were Yogyakarta Syuhada Mosque School elementary school children aged 7 to 9. The cluster random sampling method was employed to choose the research sample, with 40 students serving as the experimental group and 40 serving as the control group. A physical fitness test was used to collect data for this research. The paired T test was employed in the first analysis to examine the effect of physical activity break treatments on students' fitness. The Mann-Whitney Test was employed in the following data analysis to determine the difference in the outcomes of the rise between the experimental group and the control group. The results of the paired T test concluded that physical activity breaks had an influence on the dimensions of physical fitness which included the dimensions of speed with a value of sig 0.0, Agility sig 0.001, Arm Power sig 0.0, Leg Power sig 0.0, and flexibility sig 0.003. Based on the improvement results of each group, there were differences between the experimental group and the control group based on the Mann-Whitney Test sig value. Increase in speed sig 0.0, agility sig 0.032, arm power sig 0.0, and leg power sig 0.02. There is no difference in the flexibility dimension between the experimental group and the control group with a sig value of 0.908. Effect size with Cohen's formulation and criteria for the experimental group in the dimensions of speed 1.16 (high), agility 0.59 (moderate), flexibility -0.51 (very low), arm power 1.55 (high), leg power 0.87 (moderate). Because of the good impact on the dimensions of physical fitness, physical activity breaks can be incorporated in primary schools. In this day and age, physical activity breaks could be a solution to students' low fitness and sedentary lifestyle issues. Key words: physical activity break, primary school, student fitness

Exploring the Reform and Innovation Path of Physical Education in Colleges and Universities under the Background of Internet

Abstract The Internet background and the rapid change in science and technology promote the innovation of traditional college physical education, and the study uses the OpenPose method to detect the key points of students’ bodies in physical education and evaluate their postures. Meanwhile, based on the extraction of feature information of students’ movement postures, the DTW algorithm solves the problem of the inconsistent length of the video sequence of movement postures, matches students’ movement postures, and determines whether the activities of various joints are standardized during students’ movement. The evaluation index system of college physical education is constructed to evaluate the college physical education teaching method proposed in this paper. Apply the method of this paper in practice, using the method of comparing and analyzing the students’ academic interest, physical fitness, motor skills and motor posture before and after the experiment to explore the effectiveness of this paper’s method. The evaluation of the physical education method scored the highest on the secondary index of technology application, the lowest on learning resources, and the highest on the tertiary index of “the ability to use modern educational technology” and “timely and accurate student feedback”. The lowest scores were for “reasonable layout of learning space” and “completeness of facilities”. Before the experiment, the P value of the tennis program of the two groups of male and female students in the 10 dimensions of academic interest, physical fitness and motor skills and the mobility specification of 4 types of joints was greater than 0.05. After the experiment, the two groups of male and female students performed better than the control group in academic interest, physical fitness, motor skills and the mobility specification of joints, and the P value of the two groups of male and female students was less than 0.05. This paper shows that the OpenPose-based approach to physical education in higher education has yielded positive outcomes.

Dimensions of Emotional Fit

Abstract Emotions are open to various kinds of normative assessment. For example, we can assess emotions for their prudential or moral value. Recently, philosophers have increasingly attended to a distinct form of normative assessment of emotions—fittingness assessment. An emotion is fitting when it is merited by its object. For example, admiration is fitting when it is felt towards the admirable, and shame towards the shameful. This paper defends a hybrid account of emotional fittingness. Emotions are complex, and typically involve various elements. As well as involving representations that can be assessed for accuracy, emotions typically motivate their subjects in characteristically urgent ways. The fittingness of an emotion as a whole is a function of the fittingness of both its representational and motivational aspects.

SPORT DEVELOPMENT INDEX ANALYSIS OF SILAT HILIR SUBDISTRICT, KAPUAS HULU DISTRICT

The purpose of the study. To empirically describe the Analysis of the Sport Development Index in Silat Hilir Subdistrict, Kapuas Hulu Regency.Materials and methods. The method used by the researcher is a quantitative descriptive method. The research type employed is a survey. Data collection techniques utilized in this research include direct observation, interviews, and measurement techniques. The population in this study consists of the entire population in Silat Hilir Subdistrict, Kapuas Hulu Regency, including 2 villages, namely Desa Baru and Desa Perigi, with individuals aged above 7 years, totaling 3453 people in Silat Hilir Subdistrict. Data analysis employs a quantitative approach using the Sport Development Index (SDI) analysis from the dimensions of participation and physical fitness. The sample size in this research is 30 individuals, selected from Baru Village and Perigi Village, with the criteria of 10 children (5 boys and 5 girls), 10 teenagers (5 boys and 5 girls), and 10 adults (5 men and 5 women). The age categories are 7-14 years for children, 15-24 years for teenagers, and 25-50 years for adults. The sampling technique used is stratified random sampling.Results. The research results indicate that the level of community participation in sports activities in Silat Hilir Subdistrict, Kapuas Hulu District, particularly in Perigi Village and Baru Village, as assessed by the Sport Development Index, is 0.0512188, categorizing it as "Moderate." The level of physical fitness of the community in Perigi Village and Baru Village, Silat Hilir Subdistrict, Kapuas Hulu District, as evaluated by the Sports Development Index, is 0.907, falling into the "High" category.Conclusions. It can be concluded that sports activities have an impact on the physica

Buyer perceptions of corporate brand extension attractiveness and fit in B2B services

This study explores buyer perceptions of corporate brand extension attractiveness in B2B services, focusing on influencing roles of corporate image, extension fit, and other sources of extension appeal. Two case companies are explored qualitatively in the facility service and industrial consultancy industries, including 28 semi-structured interviews with buyers of the corporate brand's original services and service extensions. Corporate brand heritage, breadth and extension frequency influenced brand extension attractiveness. Image fit and service fit were identified as dimensions of brand extension fit, while other sources of attractiveness related to service characteristics and the buying context, including buyer-seller relationship strength and the characteristics of the buying process. By exploring buying experience over time, the dynamic natures of brand extension attractiveness and fit are discussed. This study contributes to brand extension research by identifying novel sources of brand extension attractiveness to guide future studies, and by adding new understandings of the benefits and risks of business growth through extending brands in B2B service markets.

Professional Identity among New Rehabilitation Graduates in China: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Survey.

The rehabilitation industry suffered in a terrible economic climate caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Healthcare resources and the labor force were directed towards epidemic prevention of post-pandemic, which exacerbated the issue. This study evaluated the professional identity (PI) of new graduates majoring in rehabilitation therapy during the final harsh phase of COVID-19 and explored the factors influencing PI. A cross-sectional investigation with a questionnaire was used in this study. A convenience sample of new graduates who majored in rehabilitation were recruited from hospitals and universities nationwide. The data collected demographic information and scores of professional identities for students in the final phase of the strict COVID-19 control policy in 2022. This study indicated that the average PI was quite a distance from the degree of 'agree' (3.84 on average), particularly for the fitness dimension (3.64 on average). The results identified two influencing variables: employment (Beta= -0.09, P< 0.05) and educational patterns (Beta= 0.12, P< 0.01). Higher education in rehabilitation should respond to the present shift in the structure of the rehabilitation industry post-COVID-19. Meanwhile, the occupational environment of rehabilitation therapists and the medical value of rehabilitation therapy deserves more attention. This study provides evidence for managers to improve organizational justice and adjust policies on the distribution of medical resources.

Quasi-neutral dynamics in a coinfection system with N strains and asymmetries along multiple traits.

Understanding the interplay of different traits in a co-infection system with multiple strains has many applications in ecology and epidemiology. Because of high dimensionality and complex feedback between traits manifested in infection and co-infection, the study of such systems remains a challenge. In the case where strains are similar (quasi-neutrality assumption), we can model trait variation as perturbations in parameters, which simplifies analysis. Here, we apply singular perturbation theory to many strain parameters simultaneously and advance analytically to obtain their explicit collective dynamics. We consider and study such a quasi-neutral model of susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) dynamics among N strains, which vary in 5 fitness dimensions: transmissibility, clearance rate of single- and co-infection, transmission probability from mixed coinfection, and co-colonization vulnerability factors encompassing cooperation and competition. This quasi-neutral system is analyzed with a singular perturbation method through an appropriate slow-fast decomposition. The fast dynamics correspond to the embedded neutral system, while the slow dynamics are governed by an N-dimensional replicator equation, describing the time evolution of strain frequencies. The coefficients of this replicator system are pairwise invasion fitnesses between strains, which, in our model, are an explicit weighted sum of pairwise asymmetries along all trait dimensions. Remarkably these weights depend only on the parameters of the neutral system. Such model reduction highlights the centrality of the neutral system for dynamics at the edge of neutrality and exposes critical features for the maintenance of diversity.

A Post-Pandemic Analysis of the Relationship Between Firm Size and Job Embeddedness in Public Accounting Firms

This study examines the relationship between firm size and an employee’s level of job embeddedness. A quantitative survey design was used to gather evidence from full-time accounting professionals working in public accounting firms across the United States. With a sample size of 136 full-time employees, results suggest that there is a positive relationship between firm size and job embeddedness. Two different measures of firm size were analyzed in the study. First, the number of full-time employees in the office was regressed on job embeddedness. Results indicated that the relationship was positive and significant. Second, the number of offices was used to measure firm size. The mean difference was calculated for job embeddedness and each of its six dimensions for firms with only one office, and those means were compared to the means of firms with two or more offices. Results indicated a positive relationship between job embeddedness and firm size; however, only the difference of means for the community fit dimension of job embeddedness was significant.