Dimensions Of Emotion Regulation Research Articles

Resilience mediates the association between school bullying victimization and self-harm in Chinese adolescents

ObjectiveThe association between school bullying and self-harm (SH) in adolescents has been extensively discussed. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanism of this relationship, particularly the role of resilience. Our research aimed to explore and evaluate the potential moderation and mediation of resilience in the association between school bullying victimization and SH in a large sample of Chinese adolescents. MethodWe conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey of 3146 adolescents in southwest China. The data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Multivariate Logistic regression which incorporated the product term of bullying victimization and resilience was used to estimate the moderation of resilience. Mediation of resilience in bullying victimization and SH were evaluated by path model. ResultsThe prevalence of bullying involvement and SH were 13.13% (95% CI:9.31%-18.00%) and 47.0% (95% CI: 36.3%-58.0%), respectively. School bullying victimization was positively associated with SH. Resilience was a prominent mediator which accounted for 27.7% of the total association. Among all five dimensions of resilience, emotion regulation (30.90%), interpersonal assistance (24.78%), and family support (22.16%) showed the strongest mediation. Nevertheless, the moderation of resilience in this association was not statistically significant. ConclusionsThe findings of the present study suggest that resilience strengthening measures, particularly those aimed at improving emotion regulation ability and building social support could be effective in reducing school bullying victimization related SH behaviors among Chinese teenagers.

Direct and Indirect Effects of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation on Bullying in High School Adolescents

In an Egyptian context, in addition to identifying the direct and indirect effects of difficulties in emotion regulation on bullying, this study aims at identifying the order of bullying forms perceived by bullies and bullying victims. Moreover, the study aims at showing the differences of difficulties in emotion regulation among bullies, bullying victims and normal adolescents. The Bullying Scale and the Scale of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation were implemented to the main study sample which includes 86 Egyptian adolescents in addition to 100 adolescents for validation sample. The regression analysis mainly used to identify the direct and indirect effects of difficulties in emotion regulation and various forms of bullying among adolescents in addition to various statistical methods to identify other objectives. The bullying forms perceived by bullies were social bullying, psychological bullying and physical bullying respectively. Bullying forms perceived by bullying victims were physical bullying, psychological bullying and social bullying respectively. There were significant differences in difficulties in emotion regulation dimensions among bullies, bullying victims and normal adolescents. Mainly, the study suggested that there are direct and indirect effects of all the dimensions of difficulties in emotion regulation on bullying.

التنظیم الانفعالی بین الشخصى وعلاقته بالصلابة النفسیة والرضا عن الصداقة

هدفت الدراسة إلى استکشاف علاقة التنظيم الانفعالي بين الشخصى بمختلف أبعاده (دعم المزاج الإيجابي، تبنى المنظور، التهدئة، والنمذجة الاجتماعية ) بکل من الصلابة النفسية بمختلف أبعادها (الالتزام ، التحکم ، والتحدى) والرضا عن الصداقة. کما هدفت إلى الکشف عن مدى إسهام کل من الصلابة النفسية والرضا عن الصداقة فى التنبؤ بالتنظيم الانفعالي بين الشخصى. وکذلک بحث الفروق بين الذکور والإناث في التنظيم الانفعالي بين الشخصى. وأجريت الدراسة على عينة قوامها 286 مبحوثا من طلاب جامعة السويس (146 ذکور ، و140 إناث) ، متوسط عمرى 20,34 سنة، وانحراف معياري 1.29 سنة للذکور، ومتوسط عمري 19.97 سنة، وانحراف معياري 1.36 سنة للإناث. وطبق على أفراد العينة مقياس التنظيم الانفعالي بين الشخصى من اعداد هوفمان وکاربنتر وکيرتس Hofmann, Carpenter, & Curtiss, (2016) ترجمة الباحثة الحالية، ومقياسا الصلابة النفسية من اعداد مخيمر (2002)، ومقياس الرضا عن الصداقة من اعداد الباحثة الحالية. وکشفت نتائج الدراسة عن وجود ارتباط موجب دال بين التنظيم الانفعالى بين الشخصى( بعدى تبنى المنظور والتهدئة والدرجة الکلية والصلابة النفسية. کما تبين وجود ارتباط موجب دال بين التنظيم الانفعالى بين الشخصى و الرضا عن الصداقة. کما کشفت النتائج ارتباط الالتزام بأبعاد التنظيم الانفعالي ماعدا بعد التهدئة وکذلک تبين وجود ارتباط موجب دال بين بعد التهدئة وبعد التحکم. کما تبين أن متوسط التنظيم الانفعالى بين الشخصى لدى الذکور فى بعدى دعم المزاج الإيجابى والتهدئة أعلى من الإناث بدرجة دالة. ولم تظهر فروق دالة بين الذکور والإناث فى کل من تبنى المنظور، والنمذجة الاجتماعية. وکشفت النتائج أيضا أن الرضا عن الصداقة تنبأت بالتنظيم الانفعالي بين الشخصى، بينما لم تنبئ الصلابة النفسية بمختلف أبعادها بالتنظيم الانفعالي بين الشخصى. ونوقشت هذه النتائج فى ضوء فروض الدراسة، ونتائج الدراسات السابقة، وفى ضوء ما تعکسه هذه النتائج من دلالات Abstract: The study aimed to examine the relationship between interpersonal emotion regulation (enhancing positive mood, perspective taking, and soothing, social modeling) with psychological hardiness and friendship satisfaction. As well as identifying the role of psychological hardiness and friendship satisfaction in predicting interpersonal emotion regulation. And investigating differences between males and females in interpersonal emotion regulation. 286 Suez university students (146 males, 140 females), participated in the present study with a mean age 20,34 (SD =1.29) for males, and mean age 19.97 (SD =1.36) for females. Participants completed measures of interpersonal emotion regulation scale prepared by Hofmann, Carpenter, & Curtiss (2016), translated by present researcher. Psychological hardiness scale (Mekhemer 2002), and friendship satisfaction scale prepared by present researcher. Results showed significant positive correlations between interpersonal emotion regulation (perspective taking and Soothing and total score) with psychological hardiness, and significant positive correlation between of interpersonal emotion regulation and friendship satisfaction. Commitment related positively to interpersonal emotion regulation dimensions except soothing. Findings showed that interpersonal emotion regulation among males in both enhancing positive mood and soothing dimensions are significantly higher than females. Also friendship satisfaction predicted interpersonal emotion regulation, while psychological hardiness didn’t predict interpersonal emotion regulation. These results were discussed In terms of current hypotheses and previous studies, and what these results may indicate.

Empathy and Emotional Intelligence in Adolescent Cyberaggressors and Cybervictims.

The main objective of the present research was to examine the role played by emotional intelligence in its three dimensions—emotional attention, emotional clarity, and emotion regulation—and by empathy in its four dimensions—perspective-taking, empathic understanding, empathic stress, and empathic joy—in cyber violence, both in aggressors and victims. A total sample of 1318 adolescents (47% boys; aged between 11 and 17 years), enrolled in four secondary compulsory education schools in Spain, participated in the study. The results indicated that, regarding emotional intelligence, cyberaggressors showed statistically significant differences in the dimension of emotion regulation. Participation in violent online behaviors is associated with a lower capacity to regulate emotions; cybervictims showed statistically significant differences in the three dimensions of emotional intelligence. Regarding empathy, cyberaggressors obtained statistically significant group differences in three of these dimensions: perspective-taking, empathetic joy, and empathic stress. Finally, the empathy dimensions for the cybervictimization groups did not show significant mean differences, indicating that there was no statistical relationship between the degree of cybervictimization and the individual’s empathy. These findings stress the relevance of emotion regulation in cyberviolence in students in adolescence and allow us to understand the different roles it plays for offenders and victims.

Emotion regulation interacts with gambling motives to predict problem gambling among emerging adults

BackgroundIt is presently estimated that as much as 10% of emerging adults are at risk for a gambling disorder. The consequences stemming from problematic gambling engagement include increased substance use, mental health disorders, suicidality, financial strain and legal issues. The present study explores whether deficits in specific dimensions of emotion regulation coupled with the motivation to escape negative emotions (i.e., coping motives) increases the likelihood of problem gambling severity, while controlling for variables such as gambling frequency, age, and sex. MethodsA sample of 919 emerging adult gamblers (Mage = 21.16 years-old, SD = 2.90, 48.1% female) completed an online survey including an assessment of problematic engagement in gambling over the past year, gambling motivations, and difficulties in emotion regulation. In total, 15.2% and 8.1% of this sample were at moderate or high risk for gambling disorder. ResultsA series of six moderation analyses revealed that the total models accounted for approximately 37–38% of the variance in problem gambling and that coping motives interacted with less difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior, increased lack of emotional clarity, and increased lack of emotional awareness to create a toxic mixture for problem gambling. ConclusionsThese findings reveal the importance of considering both psychological factors such as emotion regulation and motivational factors in understanding who is at greatest risk for gambling problems

PTSD and self-rated health in urban traumatized African American adults: The mediating role of emotion regulation.

Although previous research has demonstrated a link between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and self-rated health, the role of regulatory processes within this relationship has yet to be fully understood for African American urban populations. The goal of the present study was to determine whether emotion dysregulation mediated the relationship between PTSD diagnosis and self-rated health problems. Data were collected from 446 adult participants (92% female, 97% African American) between the ages of 18 and 65 years who were recruited as part of the Grady Trauma Project, a National Institutes of Health-funded study of risk and resilience factors related to PTSD. Participants were recruited from a public hospital, and interviews included demographic characteristics, self-rating of health, assessment of emotion dysregulation using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and PTSD diagnosis using the Modified PTSD Symptom Scale. Results revealed that emotion dysregulation significantly mediated the relationship between PTSD and self-rated health. Exploratory analyses revealed that specific dimensions of emotion regulation were significant mediators in this relationship. Age, sex, education, marital status, income, and total number of lifetime traumas experienced were controlled for in all analyses. Our findings suggest that emotion dysregulation may play a significant role in the PTSD-health relationship for African Americans. Future research investigating culturally relevant emotion regulation strategies are warranted given likely consequences for both physical and mental health outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Emotion Regulation and Job Satisfaction as Predictors of Subjective Well-being in Doctors

This study examined the role of emotion regulation and job satisfaction in predicting affective (positive and negative affect) and cognitive (life satisfaction) components of subjective well-being (SWB) in doctors. The predictors used were the dimensions of job satisfaction—intrinsic, extrinsic job satisfaction as well as the total score of job satisfaction and the following dimensions of intra-personal emotion regulation—cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. The participants included in the study were doctors from multi-specialty hospitals in Gurgaon district of Haryana. A total of 102 doctors were included in the study using convenience sampling. Correlational and step-wise multiple regression analyses were conducted to test the predictions. The results of the analysis confirmed the predictions as intrinsic job satisfaction and cognitive reappraisal significantly and positively predicted life satisfaction. The findings were discussed in the light of available research along with implications of the study and possible avenues for future research.

Resilience and self-harm among left-behind children in Yunnan, China: a community-based survey

BackgroundSelf-harm (SH) behaviors are established risk factors of suicide, however, in Chinese left-behind children (LBC), SH remains severely under-discussed. In this study, we aimed to investigate SH and explore its association between resilience in a large group of LBC.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study of 2898 LBC was conducted in Yunnan province, China. Information was collected by self-reporting questionnaires. Descriptive analysis was used to depict and compare characteristics of the subjects. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were applied to estimate the associations between resilience and SH prevalence, SH severity, SH repetition.ResultsThe prevalence of SH in LBC was 48.8% (95%CI: 47.0–49.7%). Compared to LBC with lower level of resilience, a higher level of resilience was related to 0.40 folds of SH odds (95%CI: 0.34–0.48). Besides, among all dimensions of resilience, every 1 average score increase of emotion regulation and family support were associated with 0.13 (95%CI: 0.04–0.37) and 0.14 (95%CI: 0.04–0.47) folds of odds in severer SH, respectively; one unit increase in the average score of emotion regulation was related to an OR of 0.23 (95%CI: 0.07–0.71) for repeated SH.ConclusionsPsychological resilience presented protective effect on SH in LBC, especially the dimensions of emotion regulation and family support. Intervention measures focusing on enhancing emotion regulation ability and building parent-child connection could be considered in order to reduce SH and suicidal risk in LBC.

Association between Emotion Dysregulation and Distinct Groups of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Taiwanese Female Adolescents.

Background: Previous studies revealed that female adolescents are more likely than males to engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) to regulate negative emotions; however, the dimensions of emotion regulation that are associated with NSSI behavior in adolescents require further examination. The present study aimed to identify Taiwanese female adolescent clusters with NSSI engagement frequency and to evaluate the association of specific forms of emotion dysregulation with NSSI. Methods: The participants were 438 female adolescents (mean age = 15.23 years, SD = 1.24, range between 13 and 18) recruited from 11 high schools. Self-report questionnaires assessing NSSI, difficulties in emotion regulation, and positive and negative affect were administered, and 37% of respondents reported a history of NSSI. Results: The analysis of NSSI frequency yielded three groups: severe, moderate, and non-NSSI. High negative affect, low positive affect, and difficulties in all aspects of emotion regulation differentiated female adolescents in the severe NSSI group from their counterparts in the non-NSSI group. The moderate and severe NSSI groups were further distinguished by age of onset, negative affect, emotion regulation strategies, and impulse control. Adolescents classified in the severe group reported earlier onset of NSSI, higher negative affect, less emotion regulation strategies, and more difficulty with impulse control. Conclusions: The results indicate that assessments of NSSI and emotion regulation should be incorporated in youth mental health screening. The clinical implications of NSSI behavior intervention require further discussion.

Neuroendocrinological mechanisms underlying impulsive and compulsive behaviors in obesity: a narrative review of fMRI studies.

Impulsivity and compulsivity are multidimensional constructs that are increasingly considered determinants of obesity. Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have provided insight on how differences in brain response during tasks exploring facets of impulsivity and compulsivity relate to the ingestive behaviors that support the etiology and maintenance of obesity. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of neuroimaging studies exploring impulsivity and compulsivity factors as they relate to weight status. Special focus will be placed on studies examining the impulsivity-related dimensions of attentional bias, delayed gratification and emotion regulation. Discussions of compulsivity within the context of obesity will be restricted to fMRI studies investigating habit formation and response flexibility under shifting contingencies. Further, we will highlight neuroimaging research demonstrating how alterations in neuroendocrine functioning are linked to excessive food intake and may serve as a driver of the impulsive and compulsive behaviors observed in obesity. Research on the associations between brain response with neuroendocrine factors, such as insulin, peptide YY (PYY), leptin, ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), will be reviewed.

Emotion regulation in emerging adult gamblers and its mediating role with depressive symptomology

BackgroundIt is presently estimated that as much as 10% of emerging adults are at risk for a gambling disorder. The consequences stemming from problematic gambling engagement include increased substance use, mental health disorders, suicidality, financial strain and legal issues. The present study explores whether deficits in emotion regulation explain the association between problem gambling severity and depression. MethodsA sample of 820 emerging adult gamblers (Mage = 21.14 years-old, SD = 2.90, 50.9% female) completed an online survey including an assessment of problematic engagement in gambling over the past year, levels of anxious/depressive symptomology, and difficulties in emotion regulation. In total, 15.6% and 8.2% of this sample were at moderate or high risk for gambling disorder. ResultsResults from a linear regression model revealed that difficulties with impulse control positively contributed to problem gambling scores and engagement in goal-directed behavior positively contributed to problem gambling scores, even after accounting for symptoms of depression. Moreover, results from a mediation model revealed that the association between problem gambling and depression was explained by participants’ deficits in non-acceptance, goals, strategies, and clarity. LimitationsLimitations include the use of self-report and cross-sectional data making it difficult to infer causality. ConclusionsThese findings add to our understanding of the mechanisms that appear to explain for the first time the affective consequences of problem gambling. Enhancing specific dimensions of emotion regulation will allow for tailored interventions among gamblers with depression, ultimately achieving better mental health outcomes.

The Influence of Bullying and Cyberbullying in the Psychological Adjustment of Victims and Aggressors in Adolescence.

The objective of the present study was to analyze the extent to which violent peer behavior and victimization, both traditional and cybernetic, and predict certain indicators of psychological maladjustment in adolescents, such as self-concept, satisfaction with life, feeling of loneliness, depressive symptomatology, perceived stress, social anxiety, empathy, and emotional intelligence. Participants in the study were 1318 adolescents of both sexes, aged between 11 and 18 years and enrolled in Compulsory Secondary Education schools. The design of the study was cross-sectional. The results indicated that the victims generally present greater maladjustment than the aggressors. Both victims and cybervictims showed a greater decrease in all the dimensions of self-concept, compared with aggressors and cyberaggressors. However, the two types of aggressors showed a higher likelihood of presenting low levels of empathy. Feeling of loneliness, depressive symptomatology, perceived stress, and degree of life satisfaction was more probable to be present in all groups of aggressors and victims. Finally, with regard to emotional intelligence, victims had a higher probability of obtaining low scores in all the dimensions of this construct; this was the case for traditional aggressors only in the dimension of emotion regulation. These results contribute to our understanding of the consequences of harassment in the adaptation of the students involved, with relevant practical implications.

Dimensions of emotion dysregulation associated with problem video gaming

Background and Purpose: Emotion dysregulation is characterised by difficulties monitoring, understanding, and accepting uncomfortable emotions and may lead some individuals to attempt to attenuate or escape emotional experiences by engaging in distracting activities, such as video gaming. Preliminary findings suggest that some dimensions of emotion dysregulation may be related to problem video gaming, but these findings are not generalisable to the general English-speaking population. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether dimensions of emotion regulation were associated with problem video gaming in a sample of self-reported video gamers from the general English-speaking adult population.Method: Self-identified adult video game players (N = 928) completed an online survey including the Problem Video Game Playing Scale (PVP) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS).Results: A sequential regression analysis revealed age and gender as statistically significantly predictors of problem gaming in the full sample, as well as two dimensions of emotion dysregulation: (1) difficulties with impulse control; and (2) perceived limited access to emotion regulation strategies. A second sequential regression analysis was conducted to explore if gender moderated the relationship between any DERS subscales and problem gaming, and no significant moderations were found.Conclusions: This study represents the first examination of emotion dysregulation and problem gaming in English-speaking adults and expands upon existing evidence supporting associations between specific dimensions of emotion dysregulation and problem video gaming.

Factors associated with depression among HIV/AIDS children in China

BackgroundDepression in HIV/AIDS children not only worsens the progression and outcome of illness, but also impacts their quality of life, having a negative influence on society. The present study was conducted from a psychosocial perspective, considering children’s social desirability, cognitive emotion regulation, and perceived social support to identify the factors influencing depression in HIV-infected children in China.MethodsParticipants were 155 children aged 8–18 years who were eligible to participate in this study assessing depression and associated risk factors using the Children’s Depression Inventory, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Children’s Social Desirability scale. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to model the effects of social desirability, perceived social support, and cognitive emotion regulation on depression in HIV/AIDS children.ResultsStatistically significant linear relationships were found among social desirability, perceived social support, partial dimensions of cognitive emotion regulation, and children’s depression scores. Perceived social support, planning and positive reappraisal were negatively related to the depression. Conversely, social desirability, catastrophizing and other-blame were positively associated with the depression. Linear regression analysis indicated that children’s social desirability, perceived social support, and one dimension of cognitive emotion regulation (catastrophizing) were found to significantly predict depression.ConclusionsPsychosocial factors have an important influence on the depression experienced by HIV-infected children. Interventions from personal subjective psychosocial to reduce depression in HIV-infected children in China are warranted.

El poder de la inteligencia emocional sobre la resiliencia en adultos mayores

Background and objectiveAging implies important adaptive changes for people. Emotional intelligence can be a key factor in the development of adaptive strategies. This research aimed to study whether emotional intelligence could predict the resilience capacity of older adults. Materials and methodsResilience and the dimensions of emotional intelligence were assessed in a sample of 214 older adults. Regression analysis was applied to study whether the dimensions of emotional intelligence predicted resilience. ResultsSignificant and positive correlations were obtained between the dimensions of emotional intelligence and resilience; the dimensions of clarity and emotion regulation significantly and positively predicted resilience. ConclusionsClarity and emotion regulation facilitate adaptation in aging as they help to understand which emotions are being experienced, their causes and consequences, leading to an effective reduction in the subjective experience of negative emotion.

Emotional Schema Therapy Improves Emotion Regulation in Individuals with a History of Child Abuse and Neglect

Research conducted over the past decade indicates that difficulties in emotion regulation are more prevalent among those who have been abused than in individuals with no such experiences. Emotional Schema Therapy (EST), which is an integration of cognitive and metacognitive models as well as acceptance-based approaches, specifically targets content of beliefs about emotions and dysfunctional coping strategies to deal with difficult emotions. This study provides an initial evaluation of the efficacy of EST in addressing difficulties in six dimensions of emotion regulation in women with a history of child abuse or neglect. The statistical population consisted of all female residents of Isfahan, Iran, aged above 18 years. Five hundred volunteer women responded to a Child Abuse and Neglect questionnaire. Individuals who had higher scores on this questionnaire were invited to participate in the research project. Thirty volunteer participants were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups (n1 = n2 = 15). The intervention was a 15-session group therapy consisting of cognitive, behavioral, experiential, and mindfulness techniques. Participants completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) 2 weeks before and after the treatment and at 2 months follow-up. The same assessments were conducted with the control group. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U Test, Friedman Test, and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Results showed that EST significantly improved acceptance of emotional responses, goal-directed behaviors, impulse control, and adaptive emotion regulation strategies in both post-test and follow-up assessments in the experimental group. In contrast, the control group did not have any significant changes on these variables. Significant changes were not detected for lack of emotional awareness and lack of emotional clarity in both groups. These findings indicate that EST is a potential effective treatment to improve aspects of emotion regulation in women with a history of child abuse and neglect.

Latent Classes of Lifetime Sexual Victimization Characteristics in Women in Emerging Adulthood: Differential Relations with Emotion Dysregulation.

The aims of the present study were to investigate latent classes of sexual victimization among young adult women based on characteristics of their victimization experiences (e.g., relationship with the perpetrator, nature of act, frequency), and examine differences in dimensions of emotion dysregulation across these classes and among non-victims. Participants were 491 women in the age range of 18-25 years from the United States; of these, 335 participants (M = 22.0, SD = 2.22) reported at least one experience of sexual victimization during their lifetime. Latent class analysis was employed to identify groups of women based on characteristics of their sexual victimization experiences. A three-class solution was found to be most parsimonious. The classes were labeled as High severity developmental revictimization (DRV; 43.3%), Low severity child/adolescent sexual abuse (CASA: 20.3%), and Low severity adult sexual assault (ASA; 36.4%). The DRV class reported higher rates of penetrative abuse and longer duration of abuse than the CASA class, and higher rates of injury during assault than the ASA class. Further, the DRV class reported greater difficulties in three dimensions of emotion regulation than the ASA class and greater deficits in emotional clarity than the CASA class. Finally, the three latent classes reported greater difficulties in at least four dimensions of emotion regulation than the non-victimized group. Findings of different classes of sexual victimization suggest the multidimensionality of these experiences. Results also highlight the potential utility of interventions aimed at improving emotion regulation among women with severe childhood sexual abuse.

Participant roles in preschool bullying: The impact of emotion regulation, social preference, and quality of the teacher–child relationship

AbstractThe present work investigated whether emotion regulation and social preference were associated with participant roles in bullying as a function of the quality of the relationship with teachers. Participants were 332 children (172 boys), in the age of 42–76 months (M = 58.74;SD = 7.84). Peer nominations were employed to assess social preference and participant roles (bullying, victimization, defending the victim, and outsider behavior). Teachers completed the Emotion Regulation Checklist, which yields the dimensions of emotion regulation and lability/negativity, and the Student–Teacher Relationships Scale, to evaluate conflict and closeness with the teacher. Multilevel models highlighted that emotional lability was positively associated with bullying and outsider behavior, emotion regulation was positively related to bullying and defending behavior, and social preference was negatively associated with bullying and victimization and positively with defending behavior. Interactions indicated that lability and low social preference were associated with bullying, and emotion regulation with outsider behavior, in children with a conflictual relationship with the teacher whereas social preference was related to defending behavior in children with a close relationship with the teacher. Results are discussed highlighting the importance of the quality of teacher–child relationship and the relevance of intervention programs aimed at promoting social wellbeing in preschool.

Heterogeneity in emotion regulation difficulties among women victims of domestic violence: A latent profile analysis

BackgroundResearch over the past two decades supports emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic factor related to the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of a wide range of psychiatric difficulties and risky behaviors. However, prior investigations are limited by their focus on difficulties regulating negative (but not positive) emotions. Further, research has not accounted for the heterogeneity in difficulties regulating emotions. MethodsParticipants were 210 female victims of domestic violence (DV; M age = 36.14, 48.6% African American) who completed measures assessing emotion regulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale – Positive), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale), depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale), alcohol misuse (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) and drug misuse (Drug Abuse Screening Test). Latent profile analysis was utilized to identify subgroups of DV-victimized women who were similar in endorsed difficulties in regulating negative and positive emotions. Differences in psychiatric difficulties (i.e., PTSD and depressive symptom severity) and risky behaviors (i.e., alcohol and drug misuse) were examined across these classes. ResultsThree classes of DV-victimized women differentiated by levels of difficulties regulating negative and positive emotions were identified. Greater psychiatric difficulties were found among classes defined by higher levels of difficulties regulating emotions, regardless of emotion valence. Risky behaviors were more prevalent among the class defined by higher levels of difficulties regulating both negative and positive emotions. LimitationsAlthough results add to the literature on difficulties regulating emotions and their correlates, findings must be interpreted in light of limitations present including use of a cross-sectional and correlation design, reliance on self-report measures, and assessment of a select sample of women victims of DV. ConclusionsResults highlight the potential importance of tailoring interventions accounting for the heterogeneity in negative and positive emotion regulation dimensions among DV-victimized women.

Drunkorexia among adolescents: The role of motivations and emotion regulation

BackgroundThe co-occurrence of disordered eating and alcohol use and misuse has frequently been highlighted in literature. MethodThe first aim of the present study was to examine the association of drunkorexia with various disordered eating behaviors and alcohol consumption in a sample of male and female adolescents. The second goal was to investigate the motivations underlying drunkorexia and the third goal was to examine the relationship between drunkorexia and different dimensions of emotion regulation. One thousand adolescents (608 females and 392 males; range 16–21) completed a survey of self-report measures. ResultsResults from hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that fasting and engaging in binge drinking and getting drunk were significant predictors of drunkorexia in both males and females; furthermore, females were found to engage in drunkorexia mainly for enhancement motives. Conversely, drunkorexia in males was significantly predicted by difficulties regulating emotions. ConclusionThis research suggests that disordered eating and alcohol use similarly contribute to drunkorexia in male and female adolescents, even though highlights important gender differences.