Blade Dimensions Research Articles

Models for Stress Determination in the Material Selection for Palm Kernel Shellfired Steam Turbine

Steam turbine is used for electricity generation in most power plants throughout the world. The parameters during operations are very important since the safety and economy of the system depends on its efficiency which is a function of the material selection of the critical parts. Steam turbines are majorly powered with steam from steam generator fueled with coal. There is need to research into other energy source like the renewable energy in fuelling the steam generator as well as considering the material selection for safety and economy of the system. This research utilizes the material consideration for the steam turbine blade and rotor. Models were developed from existing models for stress determination in order to select appropriate material during design stage. With design equations and analysis; the centrifugal force, centrifugal stress, the thermal stress and area thermal strain on the blade as well as the torque and power on the rotor for both empirical data and real life experimental data were analyzed. The results from empirical data for the centrifugal force and stress are 683 N and 0.4563 MPa for a speed of 3000 rpm using the blade dimensions of the developed steam turbine while the torque and power for the rotor are 0.8542kN-m and 758 kW (using 3000 rpm) for 20 mm rotor shaft diameter. Also, for real-life experimental data, using the average speed of 3290 rpm for the last four trials, the torque and power are 2.413 kN-m and 831.85 kW respectively. The blade bending stress was found to be 193.413 MPa for fluctuation and 228.529 MPa for vibration which is lower than the shear stress of the material used. The outcome of the bending stress under vibration Sabp (228.59 MPa) is lesser than the ultimate shear stress (375 MPa) of stainless steel 304 grade, therefore the material can be considered for steam turbine blade and rotor. The models can be used for possible stress determination during design stage for steam turbine.

Influence of rotation speed and frequency on the decision of Columba livia domestica (homing pigeon) to cross the rotor-swept area of paper blades mimicking a wind turbine

Abstract To reduce bird collisions with wind turbines, automatic detection systems have been developed to slow the blades down when a bird is approaching. We experimentally tested whether blade rotational speed (i.e., number of rotations per min) and frequency (i.e., number of times a blade passes a point per min) affected the decision time (i.e., time to take-off), path choice (i.e., the position in the aviary), and decision to cross the rotor-swept area in Columba livia domestica (rock dove [domestic variety]; aka homing pigeon; hereafter, pigeon). We used a homemade device with paper blades, mimicking the movement of wind turbine blades. We adjusted the paper blade dimensions and achromatic contrast with the background to match the visual capabilities of pigeons, increasing the probability of detection. Pigeons were less likely to cross the rotor-swept area at higher speeds and frequencies, independent of their decision time. When pigeons crossed the rotor-swept area (43 out of 160 trials), 63% collided with the blades, regardless of blade speed or frequency. Pigeons chose to avoid the rotor-swept area after they had travel half the distance to the wind turbine. Pigeons were not better able to avoid the rotor-swept area when blades were rotating at low speed and/or frequency and often collided with the blades. Thus, slowing blades to a low rotational speed may not reduce collisions with some species and a complete turbine shutdown may be necessary. The feasibility and economic costs of regular complete shutdowns after the deceleration triggered by the automatic detection systems need further investigation.

The material relating to the anatomy of Rhaponticum serratuloides leaf blades according to age conditions

In the article the features of the morphological and anatomical structure of leaf blades in the process of ontogenesis of Rhaponticum serratuloides Georgi (Bobr.) during juvenile, immature, virginal, generative and senile age states were presented. It was noted that as the plant matures, the degree of dissection and linear dimensions of the leaf blades, as well as their vascular bundles and trichomes, increase. It was established that in the juvenile and immature periods of development whole and elliptical leaves predominate. In the virginal state, in addition to the typical entire leaves, leaves with an unpaired pinnate leaf blade appear. The generative state of Rh. serratuloides is characterized by having upper leaves as entire, sessile; the lower ones are petiolate, pinnately lobed with a large apical lobe. In the senile state, leaves of immature and virginal types are found. General patterns of leaf internal structure of Rh. serratuloides and another representative of the same genus Rh.carthamoides Willd (Iljin) were revealed as following: the plants are of dorsal-ventral type of leaf blade structure, with collateral vascular bundles of a closed type with a sclerenchyma covering and leaf pubescence. Along with this, characteristic diagnostic features for leaves of Rh. serratuloides were described as the following: the absence of capitate glands and long cord-like hairs during all age states, the presence of air-bearing cavities in the parenchyma of virginal and senile plants, associated with the habitat of the plant under study, because it grows in flooded meadows, along the shores of lakes and swamps.

Research on a Machine Vision-based Blade Measurement Method

A high-precision visual measurement method for the geometric dimensions of oil pump blades is proposed, utilizing an auxiliary measurement mechanism to assist in sub-pixel edge positioning. Based on images of calibration boards, the camera distortion is corrected by partitioning the image into regions and establishing a mapping index between pixel coordinates and real-world coordinates. Under fixed object and image distances, images of the oil pump blades and the contact between the blades and the pump are separately captured. The Canny operator and Sigmoid function are employed to fit the edges, extracting sub-pixel coordinates, which are then mapped to real-world coordinates. Finally, a least squares edge fitting is conducted to compute the dimensional parameters. Experimental results indicate that the use of auxiliary measurement mechanisms effectively enhances the precision of blade measurements, as compared to measurements solely based on oil pump blade images and images of the blade in contact with the pump.

Action Mechanism of Film Extraction on Channel Impingement Cooling for Blade Leading Edge Using Large Eddy Simulation

Abstract Various internal cooling techniques combined with external film cooling are applied to cool gas turbine blades, and the coolant extraction can cause variations in internal flow structures and cooling effectiveness. Effects of film extraction under different film hole diameters and coolant mass flow ratio on heat transfer and flow characteristics of channel impingement cooling are presented using large eddy simulation (LES) in this article. The current work was undertaken based on turbine blade dimensions and turbine operating conditions. The results indicate that film extraction coupled with the curvature-induced instability dominates flow patterns and heat transfer in the channel impingement cooling structure with a film hole, especially in the bend region corresponding to the leading edge of turbine blades. Film coolant extraction can disrupt the streamwise counterrotating flow circulation pair. The latter is caused by the curvature-induced instability and is also the major driver of multilongitudinal vortices. The hole edge vortex generated by coolant bleed amplifies heat transfer at the leading edge, and the effect is more significant as the film hole diameter increases. Conversely, heat transfer coefficient downstream of the cooling channel decreases due to a reduction in cooling air. The increasing film bleed flow increases overall total pressure loss, while flow loss in the cooling channel decreases because of the weakened flow circulations and reduced coolant mass flow. This work provides an in-depth insight into the cooling performance of channel impingement cooling with film extraction, contributing to designing film cooling for turbine blades with multichannel wall jet cooling.

MORPHOMETRIC AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE-BASED IDENTIFICATION OF Taenia hydatigena PARASITES IN STRAY DOGS

Taenia hydatigena, an intestinal parasite of domestic and wild canids which can cause medical problems and economic losses in animals. Thirty T. hydatigena recovered from the intestine of stray dogs after T. hydatigena based on morphological characters and morphometric observations involving Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the scoleces were stained by Semichon's acid carmine and viewed on a light microscope. High-quality SEM photographs were shown the blade dimensions of both large and small hooks (83.89 µm and 48.16 µm) respectively, which was close to measurements by a digital camera. The number of hooks around the rostellum were 30 hooks, and both were equal in number (15 hooks), while the average length of the large hooks was 220.11 ±28.07 µm, and was 88.58 ±7.92, and the average length of small hooks was142.37 ±12.52 µm and was 65.73 ±6.94 µm. body surface of Taenia hydatigena presence of characteristic transverse cuticular striations.

Effect of constraint removal on single-crystal blade dimensions during investment casting

Single-crystal turbine blades, manufactured via investment casting, are key components of high-performance aero engines and gas turbines. The final dimensions of the blades depend on the cumulative effect of heat shrinkage at different stages, including the superalloy, mold shell, and ceramic core, etc. To clarify the effect of these stages on the blade dimensions, we first use the heat transfer coefficient calculated from inverse heat-conduction analysis to simulate the directional solidification. By extracting and mapping the final physical field from the previous stage to the next stage, four successive constraint removal processes are performed at different time points. Subsequently, we establish a time-varying model for the entire process of directional solidification and constraint removal. The errors of the extraction/mapping are consistently less than 0.002 mm in all three directions, thus confirming the feasibility of data transfer. Secondly, we analyze the dimensional deviation patterns of the casting after sequentially removing the mold shell, process rib, grain selector, and ceramic core constraints, with emphasis on the dimensional accuracy of the airfoil while disregarding the dovetail generated from machining. The final average deviations of Section 1, Section 2, and Section 3 of the airfoil are 0.1896 mm, 0.1723 mm, and 0.1909 mm, and the maximum deviations occur consistently at the trailing edge near the tip. Finally, three section deviations are validated via measurements performed using a vacuum furnace and industrial computed tomography. The results show that the proposed method improves the dimensional accuracy of hollow turbine blades.

Evaluation Of Foreign Object Damage On The Fan Blades with Microscopic Techniques

Foreign object damage (FOD) is a common problem in gas turbine engines, particularly in the fan and compressor blades. FOD generally occurs when hard body particles are ingested into an aero-engine fan and compressor blade. High-speed impact on fan titanium alloy blades leads to foreign object damage, which weakens the fatigue performance of the blades. It is important to note that FOD can also cause damage that is not visible to the naked eye, such as internal cracks or fatigue damage. Therefore, regular inspections and maintenance are crucial to detect and prevent FOD damage in gas turbine engines. Also using a microscope for the inspection of blades is important. Proper examination of blades damaged by foreign or domestic object can shed light on blade status and prevent further damage in the future. Here are some of the benefits of using a microscope for blade inspection:
 Microscopes can provide high magnification and resolution, allowing for detailed inspection of the blade surface and any defects or damage.
 Microscopes can help detect and identify small cracks, chips, or other forms of damage that may not be visible to the naked eye.
 Microscopes can provide accurate measurements of the blade's dimensions, which can be important for quality control and maintenance purposes.
 Microscopes can help identify the root cause of any damage or wear on the blade, which can inform future design and manufacturing decisions.
 Microscopes can provide visual documentation of the blade's condition, which can be useful for tracking changes over time and for communicating with other stakeholders.
 Overall, using a microscope for blade inspection can help ensure the safety, reliability, and performance of gas turbine engines and other equipment that relies on blades.
 In this study, a comparison was made between visual inspection, borescope control, stereo microscope and SEM-EDX microscope methods used in the detection and removal of foreign material damage. The advantages and disadvantages of these 4 methods are comparatively examined and presented to the attention of the reader.

Allometric equations for estimating the leaf area of Thespesia populnea by linear dimensions of leaf blades

Allometric equations for estimating the leaf area of Thespesia populnea by linear dimensions of leaf blades

Water flow simulation in a pelton turbine bucket with variable bucket dimensions using computational fluid dynamic

Today, especially among industrialized and developing nations, the usage of renewable energy sources is growing in popularity as a means of supplying energy needs. One of the renewable energy sources that is now being heavily exploited in Indonesia is the potential of water that may be used as a source of electrical energy by establishing a hydroelectric power plant (PLTA). One of the turbines that is frequently used in hydropower plants as a part that may transform water's kinetic energy into mechanical energy is the Pelton turbine. There is not a lot of literature on the design of Pelton turbine buckets. In order to determine the most ideal bucket dimensions that can be used with Pelton turbines, this study presents the conceptual and experimental components of the design and analysis of Pelton turbines based on bucket variations. AutoCAD was used to model the bucket and Pelton turbine, and ANSYS Fluent was used to perform the simulation so that results could be analyzed later. By comparing the simulated data of the blade variants 1 and 2, the ideal blade dimension variation is identified by the blade simulation of variant 1. The blade variation 2 with average torque of 5.859 Nm, average angular velocity of 40.822 rad/s, and average power of 242,970 watts is the most ideal blade. With an average torque of 4,735 Nm, an average corner speed of 40,404 rad/s, and an average power of 196,794 W, the blade 3 model has lower values

The influence of habitat conditions on abundance and selected individual traits of Arum alpinum in the communities Populetum albae and Tilio cordatae–Carpinetum betuli (Western Carpathians)

Abstract Studies of selected habitat conditions, as well as spatiotemporal variability of the number and selected traits of individuals of the species Arum alpinum were carried out in 2020–2021 in the foothills of the Western Carpathians. The investigations were conducted in permanent patches located in the Golesz nature reserve (Patch I), near the village of Markowce (Patch II), in the Kozigarb nature reserve (Patch III), and near the village of Żółków (Patch IV). Patches I and III were established in a Tilio cordatae–Carpinetum betuli oak–hornbeam forest with undergrowth dominated by low-growth vegetation with narrow leaves, whereas Patches II and IV were established in a Populetum albae riparian forest with undergrowth dominated by broad-leaved species. The most abundant population of A. alpinum was noted in Patch I, but substantial numbers of both vegetative and reproductive individuals were also present in Patches II and IV. The occurrence of temporal variability of individual traits increased from its lowest level in Patch IV, through Patches I and II, to its highest level in Patch III. The significant positive correlation in all populations between length of petioles and blade dimensions, as well as between length of generative stems and infructescence traits confirmed previous findings. Moreover, we showed that A. alpinum was not closely affiliated with a specific forest community. Significant shading and moist nutrient-rich soils are suitable for this species, while dry soils and excessive insolation may limit the flowering and fruiting of individuals.

State of the Population of Gladiolus imbricatus L. in a Molinia Meadow after Extensive Management and Abandonment

The abandonment of seminatural Molinia meadows observed in Central and Eastern Europe during the 20th century started the secondary succession and threatened the state and persistence of populations of numerous meadow species. Considering this, the aims of the presented investigations were to study the abundance and selected traits of individuals of Gladiolus imbricatus L. in extensively used (EM) and unmanaged for at least 15 years (UM) Molinia meadows (Southern Poland, Central Europe). Altogether, 125 juvenile individuals, 21 vegetative individuals, and 119 generative individuals of Gladiolus imbricatus were investigated. The field studies showed positive correlation among the height of shoots and other traits of generative individuals in both study patches. Moreover, the greater abundance of population of Gladiolus imbricatus (especially the greater number of juveniles), as well as the greater dimensions of leaf blades, shoots, inflorescence, and number of capsules in the patch UM, indicates the appropriate state of the population. These data indicate a positive influence of abandonment and evolving secondary succession on the Gladiolus imbricatus population within the Molinia meadows.

Finite Element Simulation and Stress Analysis of Gas Turbine Blade Due to Centrifugal Force

Gas turbine always consider one of the most important system in the modern engineering applications, because it has continuous ability to generate electric power. In gas turbines the major portion of performance dependency lies upon turbine blade design ,the blades are considered one of the important and expensive parts in the gas turbines , where the blades of first stage from failure . Most studies indicate that 50% of failure and breakage accidents cannot be accurately determined due to the large number of variables .The blades of the gas turbine suffer from tensile stresses due to centrifugal forces resulting from the high rotational speed and because of the loading of dense gasses at a high temperature and speed ,as the centrifugal force is one of the problems that the designer of the turbine blades faces , as the designer aims to reduce stresses within the permissible limit . The current work is concerns with study and analysis of the stresses at the first stage blades in Al Mosul power station at Mosul city, AUTOCAD which is computer program has been an efficient software to draw and specify blade dimensions at the exact measurement, as well as the ANSYS 21 software program was also used as an effective tool in determining the stresses and deformation under the influence of centrifugal force. As the blade was considered root bound in all direction (X, Y and Z) and adding the special mechanical properties of (INCONEL738 alloy), After conducting a stress analysis in the program, it was found that the stress values of the posterior and anterior edge of the blade root region were high and these results were validated with the results carried out by some studies that dealing with study and analysis of the blades at the first stages in turbine stations. The static and modal analysis of the turbine blade is being considered. To analyze these aspects, the blade is represented using the 3D-Solid Brick element. The blade's geometric model is created by generating and then extruding them to form a solid model. An analytical approach is utilized to estimate the centrifugal forces. The objective of this presented work is to investigate the impact of mechanical analysis on the structure of gas turbine blades. The findings indicate lower levels of mechanical stress.

Design optimization of composite fan blade in aircraft engine subjected to bird strike loading

Bird strike has been a perennial problem for all airline companies in the world. It is the most important design criteria for the fan blades of an aircraft engine. As it is not possible to manufacture and test aircraft engines again and again for small design changes, through the simulation analysis, it is possible to study the ways to reduce the impact of the bird on a jet engine by using appropriate design and manufacturing methods for the blade. This research suggests using two fibers (hybrid) in place of the single fiber composite blade which is currently in use to reduce the delamination issues. In the first stage of this research, representative composite coupon models for combinations of hybrid fiber joint positions were created and linear static analysis was performed. For the validation of simulation methodology, a few coupons were manufactured and tested in the laboratory. Further, dynamic bird strike analysis on sub-element level models was carried out in the second stage with various joint location combinations. Next, the plate-level representative blade model was designed with the original dimensions of the aircraft engine fan blade, and bird strike analysis was performed. The behavior of the representative plate with hybrid interface was studied, and the levels of inter-laminar shear strain were checked, by varying the joint location of the two composites. Some of the shortlisted cases do show significant promise of being damage tolerant under bird strike loading.

Сорт шалфея мускатного Татьяна

The highly essential oil variety of clary sage Tatiana was derived by recurrent breeding from the hybrid combination F5 Voznesensky 24 × Mriya on the traits of tallness, inflorescence length and high essential oil yields. According to the results of the competitive variety testing in 2019–2022, the Tatiana variety exceeded the standard variety Voznesensky 24 by 2.2 t/ha in terms of the yield of inflorescences. The variety Tatiana is distinguished by the powerful habi-tus of the bush. The average height of plants for four years was 140 cm, in some years – up to 152 cm. The dimensions of the leaf blades are 25–28 × 13–16 cm. Inflorescences are elongated, up to 80–85 cm, race-mose, with a large number of lateral flowering axes. The bracts in the whorls are large, not falling off. The color of the flower cups is from green to reddish-green. The color of the flower corollas in the whorls of the lower part of the inflorescence is yellowish-white. The corolla of the flower is 2.0–2.5 cm long. The col-or of the corolla tube is white. The upper lip of the flowers is yellowish-white with a pale pink tinge. The lower lip is white with a yellowish tinge. The new variety of clary sage Tatiana is characterized by an increased content of essential oil in inflorescences on dry matter – up to 0.5%, and high collections of es-sential oil – up to 20.9 kg/ha. A new variety of clary sage Tatiana is intended for the industrial production of essential oil for the perfume industry. Recommended for inclusion in the State Register of Breeding Achievements and approved for cultivation in all regions of the Russian Federation from 2023.

Flexible horizontal piezoelectric energy generator for sea wave applications

Energy harvesting from the environment becomes a valuable technology, especially for sea wave applications, in which it usually ends up wasted despite its potential to be harvested. Due to its wide availability and high energy density, piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) is becoming popular for flexible energy harvesting. This paper presents a flexible horizontal piezoelectric (FHP) energy harvester to harvest energy from the surface of sea wave. The harvester is made of bimorph piezoelectric devices; they are utilised to amplify and convert the collected mechanical vibrations into electrical power. A finite element model is established from ANSYS simulations to solve the iteration method by generating resonance frequency (fr). Then, Taguchi method, SN ratio and the ANOVA approach were used by considering the input variable of fr to estimate the optimum performance through control factors; number of blade, length and thickness. From the performance test result, it is proven that the higher numbers of blade including length, and minimum numbers of thickness significantly improve the significant level, α = 0.05% of ANOVA. Three prototypes are developed with approximate body dimensions through the resonance frequency perform and generate a 160.3 Hz on blade dimensions of 10 × 300 × 0.2 mm, with a piezoelectric (PZT) on its surface. This particular study shows that the potential of output power is generated from sea wave surface through a significant relationship between length, thickness, and blade design. This research develops a novelty for energy harvesting from flexible piezoelectric generator on sea wave application that could be easily install on offshore platform.

Ergonomic assessment of wheel hoe and design compliance for women farm worker

Weeding is carried out by women farm workers with hand tools and most of these tools are operated in squatting or bending posture. These tools are essentially designed for male farm workers. One of the common hand tool used for weeding is wheel hoe. Therefore, ergonomic assessments of an existing wheel hoe and design modification were done to make it compatible for women workers. The wheel hoe was ergonomically evaluated for physiological and postural parameters. Mismatches were observed between required energy and sustainable energy output and between tool dimensions and anthropometric measurements of female operators. Based on the ergonomic evaluation the hoe was modified with two blade sizes and three handle widths .The modified wheel hoes were re-evaluated. Working with an existing wheel hoe was categorized as “heavy work” with “higher” overall discomfort. Heart rate, oxygen consumption and energy expenditure were lowest for modified weeder (10%-440mm) and the work classification improved to “moderate category”. The resting period with the modified hoe reduced from 33.4 min to 20.7 min for one hour work cycle. With change in handle dimensions shoulder, elbow and wrist deviation were close to the natural range of motion. The body part discomfort score and overall discomfort score also reduced from 31 and 2.5 respectively to 18 and 1.5 for modified weeder (10%-440mm). Women workers found the modified hoe with 10% blade dimension and handle width 440mm, very comfortable to use. Modifications in the existing wheel hoe according to anthropometric parameters of female workers reduced energy consumption, body deviations and rest pause between work cycles and thus enhanced work output.

Manufaktur Pisau Dan Sistem Pemindah Daya Pada Alat Pemotong Tanaman Tarum (Indigofera)

Tarum (Indigofera) farmers, especially those in Subang Regency, West Java Province, still use manual harvesting methods. Seeing these conditions, it is necessary to carry out new innovations in the indigofera plant industry, which is expected to be able to help ease and speed up the harvesting process. The innovation is to make a cutting tool for tarum plants (Indigofera) with an auto cutting system. In the process of selecting tools, materials and machining must be in accordance with the needs, because this will determine the final result of the product. The manufacturing process uses several steps of the work process, namely, measuring, cutting, joining materials and turning. The manufacturing process of tarum cutting tools (Indigofera) with an autocutting system, includes reading the design drawings, making work preparations, identifying tools and materials used, measuring materials, cutting materials, drilling materials, joining by welding, as well as the results of the cutting knife manufacturing process. and power transfer system. With the dimensions of the upper blade 930 mm long, 60 mm wide, and 3 mm high. The lower blade is 1000 mm long, 60 mm wide and 7 mm high. Power transfer system with axle dimensions of 220 mm x 20 mm. The cover plate of the upper and lower crutches is 140 mm x 140 mm, 12 mm thick. Central crutch cover pipe 113 mm x 59 mm. In testing the performance of the Tarum (Indigofera) cutting tool with the autocutting system, the tool was tested in two stages of testing. The results of testing the knife in cutting the leaf stem are functional, but the knife changes shape due to cutting thick stems, and the power transfer system can reduce the 6800 rpm figure from the motor to 4500 rpm to the knife optimally.

Numerical investigation, environmental consideration, and the use of machine learning in optimizing the dimensions of a rectangular blade between two blades in the presence of a magnetic field (Two-phase method)

Human life is being impacted by nanotechnology in many ways, including economics, production, and the environment. The present study has numerically investigated the laminar flow and natural convection heat transfer (NACHT) in a square enclosure filled with nanofluids (NFs), considering the entropy generation (ETG) and Be. The 2D enclosure includes two rectangular fins attached to the left hot wall and a single fin of very high temperature positioned in the middle of the enclosure. A constant magnetic field (MCF) has been applied to the enclosure. The average Nu, maximum value of stream function (MXSF), generated entropy, and Be have been examined by changing the length and thickness of the middle fin and the distance between heated fins (fin spacing). Finally, these parameters have been optimized through machine learning methods to determine the best case with the highest HT rate and lowest ETG rate. A two-phase model based on control volume has been used for NFs flow simulation. Results indicated that increasing fin length (w) increases Be and decreases the MXSF. Also, by increasing the w, the Nu and generated entropy initially decrease and then increase. Increasing the fin thickness (b) and fin spacing lead to a decrease in the MXSF. Increasing thickness for the fin increases the Nu but decreases it for larger fin spacing.Furthermore, the studied model is less harmful to the environment than existing models.

Creation of New High-Productive Tobacco Varieties in the Sheki-Zakatala Economic Region

The article shows the implementation of selection and varietal studies on 70 samples, consisting of 35 varieties of tobacco collection nurseries and 35 hybrid selection materials, at the Zakatala Regional Experiment Station in the Sheki-Zakatala economic region. It was determined that the height of the plant in the collection area varied between 170 (Samsun-155, Samsun short) and 335 (106 blue form) cm. Thus, in the conditionally named Selected-2016 form, the height of the plants was 268 cm, and in the Virginia AZ form it was 282 cm. The maximum number of leaves was 50 in Zakatala Dubek varieties. The dimensions of the leaf blade were the highest in the Krupnolist variety with a width of 37 cm, and in the Virginia KY 160 variety with a length of 62 cm. Vegetation periods varied between 107-132 days. The height of the plant in the selection area varied between 180-295 cm. Thus, the height of the plants differed from the others with the highest being 295 cm in Virginia-20 × Zakatala Dubek and Virginia-20 × 106 blue form hybrids. The number of leaves was 49 in Virginia-20 × Zakatala Dubek form. The dimensions of the leaf blade were observed to be 64 cm in length in Virginia NC-71 × Zakatala Dubek × Virginia-20 complex pollination, and 37 cm in width in 106 blue form × Burley-122 hybrid. Vegetation periods varied between 115-129 days. In the collection area, it was observed that the highest yield indicator was 39.0 hwt/ha in Burley TN-90 varieties, and the lowest was 27.1 hwt/ha in Samsun short stature variety. Zakatala Dubek variety has the highest yield of commodity type I-II 90%, III-IV-10% and it differs from others. In the hybrid field, the highest yield index was 39.7 hwt/ha in the blue form of Virginia-20 × 106, and the lowest was 27.9 hwt/ha in the Virginia-548 × Virginia KY-160 variant. Virginia-20 × Zakatala Dubek variant had the highest yield of commodity species I-II 92%, III-IV-8% and differed from others. In 2021, 11 new hybrids were obtained as a result of selection works.