Dimensions Of Beliefs Research Articles

Pain beliefs and their relationship with pain, psychological distress and catastrophizing in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

In Parkinson's disease (PD), a large number of individuals are confronted with pain. This issue has been receiving increasing attention in literature in recent years, as the complexity of pain in this disease makes its evaluation and treatment challenging. However, psychological variables related to the pain experience have received limited attention, especially when it comes to the exploration of beliefs regarding pain which, to our knowledge, remains unexplored in PD. Pain beliefs are defined as a subset of a patient's belief system which represents a personal understanding of the pain experience. Four dimensions of pain beliefs have been isolated in literature: mystery, pain permanence, pain constancy and self-blame. Thus, the goal of this study was first to describe pain beliefs in individuals with PD and second, to explore the relationships between pain beliefs and clinical and psychological variables. One hundred and sixty-nine international individuals with PD completed an online survey with socio-demographic and medical data. Participants completed self-report instruments to assess their pain (King's Parkinson's Disease Pain Questionnaire, McGill Pain Questionnaire and Brief Pain Inventory), psychological distress (Beck Depression Inventory, short-form and Parkinson Anxiety Scale), pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale) and pain beliefs catastrophizing (Pain Beliefs and Perception Inventory). The study's findings revealed that most participants' beliefs are marked by the dimension of permanence, suggesting that individuals with PD perceive the pain experience as chronic and enduring. Meanwhile, pain is minimally perceived as constant, mysterious, or a source of guilt. Our finding concerning the permanence dimension deserves specific attention: even though this belief is prevalent in our population, it is not, or only weakly, associated with an impact on mood or pain catastrophizing. These results bring forth several hypotheses for understanding, highlighting the role of acceptance, and offer new perspectives toward improving clinical practices in terms of assessing and managing pain in PD.

Development and validation of VTE prevention beliefs questionnaire for neurosurgical hospitalized patients based on HBM: a cross-sectional study

Patients hospitalized for neurosurgical procedures are highly susceptible to venous thromboembolism (VTE). It is crucial to evaluate the prevention beliefs of VTE among neurosurgical inpatients and analyse the influencing factors. This research sought to create an instrument grounded in the Health Belief Model (HBM) to evaluate the beliefs about VTE prevention and the factors influencing these beliefs among neurosurgical inpatients. A questionnaire comprising 28 questions was designed, validated, and distributed offline to 386 neurosurgical inpatients through random sampling. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 and Amos 27.0. The measurement model was assessed through reliability, validity, and confirmatory factor analyses. Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to identify the factors influencing VTE prevention beliefs. Statistical significance was determined by P values less than 0.05. The questionnaire encompassed six constructs, all of which exhibited strong internal consistency along with solid convergent and discriminant validity. VTE prevention beliefs score among neurosurgical inpatients was 99.56 (SD = 10.11). Among the belief dimensions, the scoring rate of perceived benefits and cues to action ranked highest, while perceived barriers were the lowest. The influencing factors of VTE prevention beliefs were educational attainment (β = 0.343, P < 0.001), receipt of VTE knowledge education from healthcare providers (β = 0.214, P < 0.001), Personal history of VTE (β = 0.175, P < 0.001), surgical history (β = 0.116, P < 0.01), sources of VTE-related information (β = 0.113, P < 0.01) and method of paying medical expenses (β = 0.112, P < 0.05). The questionnaire showed strong reliability and validity, and the results indicating that neurosurgical inpatients hold moderate beliefs about VTE prevention. While they recognize its benefits, barriers to preventive behaviors persist. Addressing these barriers and enhancing self-efficacy through targeted education and interventions is key to improving VTE prevention awareness and actions.

Political ideology, emotion response, and confirmation bias

AbstractMotivated reasoning can serve to help resolve emotional discomfort, which suggests emotion as a likely moderator of such reasoning. This paper addresses a gap in the literature by examining emotion and confirmation bias in the political domain. Results from two preregistered studies, which involved over 900 unique participants, document a confirmation bias across distinct dimensions of belief and preference formation. Also, ideologically dissonant information significantly worsens self‐reported emotion. With some exceptions, the evidence generally supports the hypothesis that negative emotion moderates the strength of the bias, which highlights the importance of emotion response in understanding and potentially counteracting confirmation bias.

Analysis of Mathematical Beliefs of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Students After Using the Geometry Transformation Digibook

Mathematical belief is students' belief in mathematics which can construct their cognitive domain in the mathematics learning process. This research aims to analyze and describe students' mathematical beliefs after using the geometric transformation digibook. The subjects in this study were 32 students of class IX-B MTs Negeri 3 Ciamis. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The data collection technique in this study is through observation and a mathematical belief questionnaire. The instruments used in this research were the geometric transformation digibook and the mathematical belief questionnaire. Based on the results of the study and discussion, it can be concluded that after learning mathematics using the geometric transformation digibook, students' mathematical beliefs in each of the main dimensions of mathematical belief, namely: about mathematics education are in the high category, about themselves are in the high category and about the social context are in the high category.

Beliefs about emotion usefulness are nuanced: degree of personal reference and emotional valence predict affective distress

ABSTRACT The beliefs people hold about emotions are implicated in a variety of outcomes including emotion regulation success and overall well-being. However, research on the dimensions of such beliefs is limited, typically addressing broad beliefs about all emotions and focusing only on their controllability. This study investigated emotion usefulness beliefs, specifically, and further parsed dimensions of personal reference (general vs. personal emotions) and valence (positive vs. negative). Study 1 (N = 343), applying a 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA, revealed that participants believed negative emotions in general to be more useful than their own negative emotions, with no such difference emerging for positive emotions. Multiple regression analyses indicated that personal beliefs about emotions better predicted affective distress than general beliefs. Study 2 (N = 531) replicated these findings and employed confirmatory factor analyses to psychometrically assess the distinctiveness of these emotion belief dimensions. Evaluating a two-factor model, four-factor model, and three-factor bifactor model, results showed that both the four-factor and bifactor models fit the data well, whereas the two-factor model did not. These findings suggest that beliefs about emotion in general and beliefs about one’s own emotions may not be fundamentally distinct, but rather different dimensions of the same underlying emotion usefulness belief.

Comparative Cross-Cultural Ethnography: In-Depth Studies and Analytical Tools for Unveiling Cultural Differences and Commonalities

This study investigates comparative cross-cultural ethnography through the development and application of the Cultural Dynamics Index (CDI), a mathematical model designed to quantify cultural differences and commonalities across various dimensions of cultural practices and beliefs. By integrating qualitative ethnographic data and quantitative surveys, the CDI provides a comprehensive numerical representation of cultural attributes. Key dimensions analyzed include communication patterns, social norms, value systems, economic practices, and technological adaptation. The CDI employs a weighted scoring system to create sub-indices for each cultural dimension, facilitating rigorous comparative analysis. Findings highlight the profound impact of cultural factors such as language, non-verbal communication, rituals, and technological adaptation on cultural identity and social interactions. This research underscores the importance of cultural sensitivity and understanding in a globalized world, offering valuable insights for academics, practitioners, and policymakers. By providing a detailed examination of cultural elements, this study contributes to the broader field of anthropology and cross-cultural studies, promoting cross-cultural cooperation and understanding.

Comparative Cross-Cultural Ethnography: In-Depth Studies and Analytical Tools for Unveiling Cultural Differences and Commonalities

This study investigates comparative cross-cultural ethnography through the development and application of the Cultural Dynamics Index (CDI), a mathematical model designed to quantify cultural differences and commonalities across various dimensions of cultural practices and beliefs. By integrating qualitative ethnographic data and quantitative surveys, the CDI provides a comprehensive numerical representation of cultural attributes. Key dimensions analyzed include communication patterns, social norms, value systems, economic practices, and technological adaptation. The CDI employs a weighted scoring system to create sub-indices for each cultural dimension, facilitating rigorous comparative analysis. Findings highlight the profound impact of cultural factors such as language, non-verbal communication, rituals, and technological adaptation on cultural identity and social interactions. This research underscores the importance of cultural sensitivity and understanding in a globalized world, offering valuable insights for academics, practitioners, and policymakers. By providing a detailed examination of cultural elements, this study contributes to the broader field of anthropology and cross-cultural studies, promoting cross-cultural cooperation and understanding.

Patients' beliefs as predictors of patient satisfaction and health-related quality of life in pediatric rehabilitation.

This study investigated the predictive value of illness and treatment beliefs for patient satisfaction and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents receiving inpatient rehabilitation treatment. In addition, we examined the relationship between fulfilled rehabilitation-related treatment expectations and patient satisfaction. In this longitudinal study (recruitment between April 2019 and March 2020), 170 participants (M = 14.3 years [SD = 1.6]) answered self-report questionnaires before and at the end of rehabilitation (6 weeks later). We applied multiple hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for sociodemographic and diagnoses variables. The results showed fulfilled expectations of treatment success and sustainability to be a significant predictor of patient satisfaction (p < .01). The illness belief dimension of emotional representation predicted HRQOL (p < .01). Rehabilitation-related treatment beliefs were not predictive of any outcome. This study provides a first insight into the relationships between these constructs in the context of inpatient pediatric rehabilitation. However, future research is needed to further examine illness and treatment beliefs in this specific treatment setting. Practical implications concern the incorporation of children's and adolescents' beliefs into treatment management to optimize rehabilitation outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The association between emotional regulation dimensions and somatic symptom disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Clarifying the effect size of the association between somatic symptom disorders (SSDs) and defects in emotional regulation (ER) dimensions through a meta-analysis may improve ER-related treatment for SSD patients. SSDs exhibited a lower level of adaptive ER (overall Hedge’s g = −0.618, 95 %CI [0.872, −0.365]; Hedge’s g for ER dimensions of Awareness, Description, Clarity, Acceptance, Tolerance, Self-efficacy belief, and Cognitive Reappraisal ranged from −0.451 to −1.344). Maladaptive ER dimensions (catastrophizing and expressive inhibition) showed no significant associations with SSDs. Psychotherapy focusing on developing adaptive ER rather than reducing maladaptive ER may be a more promising approach for treating SSD patients.

Discovering Shandong Art and Culture China in the Dimension of Wisdom, Beliefs, Traditional Ways of Life and Festivals

With the country's continued emphasis on industry, culture and creativity industry, the cultural and creative industries on the university campus have demonstrated a strong drive of development. Shandong is a famous cultural city with a rich history with a rich material cultural heritage that is constantly inspiring for the cultural and creative industries on the university campus. This study starts from the cultural dimension of wisdom, faith, traditional way of life, and festivals and uses qualitative research methods. With a descriptive and analytical method, to explore the cultural and artistic information learning area of Shandong Province. Through comprehensive analysis and data collection, we skillfully integrate these cultural elements into the design of souvenir products, and contribute to the promotion of Shandong culture and the creation of unique cultural and creative products. The results showed that the study of information on Shandong arts and culture In the wisdom dimension The profound Confucian tradition of Shandong Province injected a unique humanistic spirit into its culture and art, which is not only reflected in the daily life philosophy of the Shandong people, but also the culture of Shandong people. In the belief dimension, Shandong province's religious and folk beliefs provide a wide area for art development, which not only strengthens the connotation of art, but also makes them more regional and cultural. In the lifestyle dimension Shandong province's unique living traditions and farming culture provide valuable materials for art development. By delving deeper into these elements, it is possible to design souvenirs with more regional characteristics and cultural values, and the traditional festival dimension. The Spring Festival and Zhoucun Xinzi Festival are not only the spiritual sustenance factor of Shandong people. Using these elements of festivals, art can be developed at a strong cultural atmosphere to meet people's pursuit of a better life. Based on the findings, it leads to strong support and guidance for the cultural and creative industry in Shandong Province, and helps promote the development of souvenir products in Shandong University.

Primal World Belief Research, for Skeptics

Sometimes skeptics are tempted to dismiss world beliefs as meaningful phenomena. Such dismissal, we argue, is a mistake. How beliefs about many broad topics impact behavior is well-established. Psychologically rich world beliefs have also peppered the cultural milieu for centuries. Multiple, decades-old literatures have already established psychometrically the existence of world beliefs, proposed effects, and developed sufficient theory to define the beliefs and explain effects (e.g., Belief in a Just World literature). However, a shared, operationalized list of belief dimensions was lacking. Does one craft such a list a priori, with a specific outcome in mind – the typical approach – or seek to discover pre-existing dimensionality empirically, with no outcome privileged – similar to how Big Five traits were identified? The former being tried (Janoff-Bulman, 1989), Clifton and colleagues (2019) chose the latter, sparking an emerging, interdisciplinary effort. Yet the origins of these beliefs remain unknown and developmental psychologists are, now, sorely needed.

Toward an Ethics of AI Belief

In this paper we, an epistemologist and a machine learning scientist, argue that we need to pursue a novel area of philosophical research in AI – the ethics of belief for AI. Here we take the ethics of belief to refer to a field at the intersection of epistemology and ethics concerned with possible moral, practical, and other non-truth-related dimensions of belief. In this paper we will primarily be concerned with the normative question within the ethics of belief regarding what agents – both human and artificial – ought to believe, rather than with questions concerning whether beliefs meet certain evaluative standards such as being true, being justified, constituting knowledge, etc. We suggest four topics in extant work in the ethics of (human) belief that can be applied to an ethics of AI belief: doxastic wronging by AI (morally wronging someone in virtue of beliefs held about them); morally owed beliefs (beliefs that agents are morally obligated to hold); pragmatic and moral encroachment (cases where the practical or moral features of a belief is relevant to its epistemic status, and in our case specifically to whether an agent ought to hold the belief); and moral responsibility for AI beliefs. We also indicate two relatively nascent areas of philosophical research that haven’t yet been generally recognized as ethics of AI belief research, but that do fall within this field of research in virtue of investigating various moral and practical dimensions of belief: the epistemic and ethical decolonization of AI; and epistemic injustice in AI.

초등학생들의 과학 흥미 증진을 위한 초등 예비교사들의 자기효능감 탐색

Purpose: This research aimed to examine the self-efficacy of pre-service elementary teachers in fostering an interest in science among elementary students. Methods: A cohort of eighty-nine pre-service teachers from A University of Education participated in this survey, with six consenting to additional non-face-to-face interviews. Results: Analytical results from item-specific descriptive statistics revealed that these pre-service teachers exhibit low levels of self-efficacy in stimulating scientific curiosity among students. t-tests, segmented by gender and academic background, indicated no significant gender disparity; however, marked differences were observed across all ‘belief’ and ‘competence’ items when comparing academic backgrounds. Open-ended question analysis highlighted a perceived lack of preparedness among preservice teachers across the multifaceted dimensions of competence, belief, and educational diversification in science interest enhancement. Nonetheless, they recognized the importance of engaging students in science-related activities, lesson enhancement, school administrative support, utilization of community science museums, development of varied science-related programs, and educationally contextual approaches involving digital literacy and new technologies. Conclusion: This study suggests that exploring the self-efficacy of pre-service elementary teachers in augmenting interest in science among students may serve as a foundational step towards understanding the current decline in student interest in science and foreseeing the potential impact of future elementary teachers on student science engagement.

The rehabilitation treatment beliefs questionnaire-revised: assessing adolescents' treatment beliefs.

While there are several studies on children's and adolescents' beliefs about illness and medication treatment, there is limited research on their treatment beliefs in the context of rehabilitation. The Rehabilitation Treatment Beliefs Questionnaire (RTBQ) was the first instrument available to assess pediatric patients' rehabilitation-related treatment beliefs. However, the RTBQ had some limitations that we aimed to address in this study: We revised the content of the RTBQ to include previously unaddressed dimensions of rehabilitation-related treatment beliefs, and we thoroughly tested its psychometric properties based on a sizeable, multicenter sample of adolescents with different chronic diseases. Across 11 pediatric rehabilitation clinics throughout Germany, eligible patients aged 12-18 years with any chronic physical or mental health condition were invited to participate in an online survey. Psychometric evaluation included item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency and construct validity. The sample comprised N = 294 adolescents (M = 14.2 years) with various chronic conditions. Psychometric testing demonstrated a coherent factor structure with 6 interpretable scales covering process and outcome expectations, expectations of one's own role in the treatment process, structural expectations, concerns, and emotions, the latter three representing previously unaddressed dimensions of rehabilitation-related treatment beliefs. Internal consistency was acceptable to good. Construct validity analyses showed mostly hypotheses-consistent correlations with related constructs. The revised RTBQ provides a psychometrically well-tested, adolescent-specific, and disease-generic instrument that captures multiple dimensions of rehabilitation-related treatment beliefs. Practical implications include identifying adolescents' beliefs about rehabilitation treatment in order to actively involve them in their illness management.

Exploring school culture and climate: The case of Dilla university community school

This study was undertaken to explore the culture and climate of Dilla University Community School, focusing on examining the school's shared values and beliefs across seven key dimensions that constitute its shared values and beliefs: attention to detail, innovation and risk-taking, people orientation, team orientation, outcome orientation, aggressiveness, and stability within its cultural framework. The participants in this study were teachers selected using the purposive sampling technique. The research employed an exploratory qualitative case study. The interview was the major data gathering instrument from key informants and the results were analyzed using thematic analysis, aided by NVivo 10 software designed for qualitative research, which facilitated the classification, sorting, arrangement, and analysis of the data. According to the results, the school culture placed a high value on attention to detail, outcome orientation, people orientation, and aggressiveness. Conversely, areas needing improvement were identified as innovation and risk taking, team orientation, and stability. Hence, it was recommended that Dilla University Community School should work on establishing systems that encourage all crucial dimensions of key values and beliefs, fostering positive interaction among members for the progress of the school.

Patterns and predictors of symptom burden and posttraumatic growth among patients with cancer: a latent profile analysis.

The study identified different patterns of symptom burden and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among patients with cancer and to explored the effects of sociodemographic, disease-related, and family resilience factors, which could provide reference for the development of personalized nursing measures. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 329 patients with cancer who were undergoing treatment. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to explore the patterns of symptom burden and PTG among patients with cancer, and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of different patterns. Based on the fit indicators of LPA, a three-class pattern model of posttraumatic responses was shown to be optimal, including resisting, struggling, and growth groups. In the resisting group (34.34%), patients reported low symptom burden and low PTG; in the struggling group (19.15%), patients showed a high symptom burden and moderate PTG; in the growth group (46.51%), patients showed low symptom burden and high PTG. Moreover, patients with cancer with high levels of family resilience were more likely to fall into the struggling and growth groups. Specifically, those with lower scores in the optimistic attitude and higher scores in the family and social support dimension of family resilience were more likely to fall into the struggling group, whereas those with lower scores in the transcendence and spiritual belief dimensions of family resilience were more likely to fall into the resisting group. Additionally, patients with at least three children were more likely to fall into the struggling group. This study showed heterogeneity in symptom burden and PTG patterns among patients with cancer. Patients' growth must include both psychological growth and the mitigated symptom burden. Family factors may be intervention targets to improve the growth patterns.

Unveiling the Dynamics of Religion and Social Cohesion in Kabul: Perspectives from Kabul University Academics

This study delves into the complex relationship between religion and social solidarity among professors at Kabul University, aiming to uncover the factors influencing community cohesion within the academic environment. Employing a mixed-methods approach, documentary research and field surveys were conducted to gather data. The primary instrument, a structured questionnaire, captured personal demographics and assessed respondents' perspectives on various dimensions of religion. Through expert consultations and pilot testing, questionnaire validity and reliability were ensured. Descriptive analysis revealed significant correlations between social cohesion and dimensions of religious beliefs, norms, rituals, and individual religiosity. Furthermore, regression analysis unveiled noteworthy findings: religiosity positively influenced social cohesion, with a significant coefficient (B = 0.422, p &lt; 0.05), while norms derived from religious teachings exhibited a non-significant effect (B = 0.072, p &gt; 0.05) on social behavior. Additionally, ethnic diversity within the university community had varying impacts on social solidarity, with significant coefficients for Tajik and Hazara ethnic groups. These findings shed light on the intricate interplay between religion, ethnicity, and social cohesion within academic settings, offering valuable insights for policymakers, community leaders, and scholars seeking to foster inclusivity and collective well-being in diverse urban contexts.

DIMENSIONS OF RELIGIOSITY IN ABIDAH EL KHALIEQY'S NOVELS

Literary works can depict various phenomena from various sectors, including cultural, social, political, psychological, and religious. Interestingly, in the research of literary works and religion, it is often distinguished between religion and non-religion, even though religion in literary works is universal. Therefore, this study aims to explain the dimensional aspects of religiosity in Abidah El Khalieqy's novels. The type of research is descriptive qualitative, using the religiosity theory approach by Glock and Stark. The data sources of this research are the novels Geni Jora, Mataraisa, Bait-Bait Multazam, and Santri Cengkir. Data collection uses reading and note-taking techniques, while this study uses human interest. Data validity is interrater and interrater techniques. Data analysis uses the method of comparing data, categorizing, presenting data, and making inferences. The results of this study show that religiosity in Abidah El Khalieqy's novels related to the five dimensions of Glock and Stark consists of a belief dimension, a belief practice dimension, a science dimension, an experience dimension, and an experience effect dimension. The conclusion explains that Glock and Stark's multidimensional typology of religiosity dimensions is universal in the treasures of Islamic culture. The problem presented in the novel is the problem between characters in achieving the lost dimension of religiosity, which functions as a human value and transcendence in obtaining the lost dimension in life.

The Mediating Role of Maladaptive Metacognitive Beliefs between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Trait Anxiety

IntroductionAdverse childhood experiences (ACE) have a significant negative impact on health. ACEs lead to more pronounced trait anxiety, among others, which serves as a basis for various mental and somatic symptoms. Recent findings suggest that the fact that individuals with more ACEs also have more maladaptive metacognitive beliefs may contribute to the development of these symptoms.ObjectivesWe aim to study the possible mediating role of maladaptive metacognitive beliefs, resulting from adverse childhood experiences, on trait anxiety.MethodsData was collected online, anonymously, in a non-clinical population of adults over 18 years of age. The sample consisted of 304 subjects (84.21 % women, 15.79 % men). The applied questionnaires included a demographic questionnaire, the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire 10 item version, the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire, and the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Questionnaire. The system of correlations between the examined variables was explored using structural equation modeling (SEM). The study was carried out with ethical approval and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.ResultsOur results confirm that ACEs have a significant impact on all the measured dimensions of maladaptive metacognitive beliefs. The direct effect of ACEs on adult trait anxiety is also significant. The results of the study on indirect effects support the joint mediating role of the five metacognitive dimensions. The strongest significant mediating effect was found for the uncontrollability and dangerousness of negative beliefs about worry. Both the direct and indirect effects of cognitive self-consciousness on adult trait anxiety are negative, which means that the more the cognitive self-consiousness is characteristic of someone, the lower the degree of trait anxiety in adulthood is.ConclusionsOur results confirm the mediating effect of metacognitive beliefs on trait anxiety in the context of adverse childhood experiences, which points to the importance of further research on metacognition among the population that suffered early adversities. One of the limitations of the study roots in online data collection: the examined sample is not representative. Moreover, to extend the results, it is recommended to repeat the study on a clinical population. This would enable us to compare our results with those of the clinical population, which could provide further important results in the field of metacognition and adverse childhood experiences.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The effect of educational and supportive package by peers on the self-efficacy mothers of premature neonates: A quasi-experimental study

The present study aims to determine the effect of educational and supportive packages by peers on the self-efficacy of mothers of premature neonates. In a quasi-experimental study, a total of 70 mothers with premature infants were randomly divided into two groups: control and intervention. The participants were selected through random sampling, and upon meeting the inclusion criteria and providing informed consent, they were invited to participate in the study. The recruitment of participants took place from July to December 2019. The initial part of the demographic form was completed by the mothers in both the intervention and control groups upon their entry into the study. The second instrument used for measuring self-efficacy was the perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy (PMP-SE) scale. Before the intervention was implemented, there was no statistically significant difference in the total self-efficacy scores between the two groups (P&gt;0.05). Following the intervention, no significant change was noted in the intervention group when compared to the control group (P&gt;0.05). However, a month after the intervention, a significant shift was detected in the dimension of care beliefs in the intervention group when compared to the control group (P=0.023). The findings of the current investigation indicate that the deployment of an educational-support package, administered by peer mothers, in the special care unit for newborns, resulted in an enhancement in the perceived situational beliefs of maternal self-efficacy among mothers of premature infants.