Dimensions Of Adjustment Research Articles

Brain Mechanisms of College Students’ Social Adjustment: Evidence from Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

This study investigated the neural basis of social adjustment using multimodal brain imaging and social-adjustment measurements to analyze functional and structural brain features during social adjustment in college students. The results showed that, regarding brain function, some dimensions of social adjustment were associated with the insula, and some regions of the frontal and occipital lobes. Self-adjustment and satisfaction required activation of the middle frontal gyrus, while career adjustment and academic adjustment required inhibition of the inferior frontal gyrus and lingual gyrus, respectively. Decreased metabolic activity of the lingual gyrus was beneficial for obtaining satisfaction. Regarding brain structure, the total score and some dimensions of social adaptation were associated with the gray matter of portions of the temporal and parietal lobes. The superior temporal gyrus was associated with the total social adjustment and satisfaction score, the middle temporal gyrus with campus-life adjustment and satisfaction, and the post central gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule with emotional adjustment. The changes in the gray matter volume of these brain regions to a certain extent reflected socially adaptive behaviors. The results suggest that social adaptability is associated with various brain regions dispersed among both hemispheres of the brain, and requires synergistic inter-actions between multiple brain regions and both brain hemispheres.

The Rhetoric of Return in Kunle Afolayan’s Film October 1

Abstract The popularity of Nollywood movies has established their relevance in cultural studies to interrogating afresh the presumed norms among people of ethno-cultural and racial difference. To this end, film critics have focused their attention on the theme and genre studies of Nollywood movies with a view to relating the issues in the film texts to the often heated sociological debates on coloniality in African socio-cultural and political experiences. Kunle Afolayan’s October 1 contributes to these raging debates through the motif of return (return to self, return of nation, and return to nation) that runs through the film text. This motif of return contributes to the overall film gestalt through characterization and plot. Postcolonial theory is adopted to describe the return motif through the investigation of consciousness, nostalgia, and trauma, as experienced individually or collectively. The theory explains the nature, pattern, and dimensions of adjustment and adaptation of individuals, communities, and the nation to complexity and dynamism of change during colonial encounters and the journey towards political independence on October 1. The kernel of the movie’s argument is that the country’s independence was heralded by hypocrisy, dishonesty, and violence. The movie thus questions the misconceived notion of racial purity by the white racists through their ignoble role in the return process of the country at the attainment of political independence on 1 October 1960.

Perceived Parental Acceptance-Rejection and Children’s Psychological Adjustment: The Moderating Effects of Sex and Age

Although numerous studies have confirmed the relation between parental rejection and the psychological adjustment of children, few have explored the potential moderating effects of children’s age and sex on this relation, nor considered maternal and paternal rejection separately. In order to further examine this relation, psychological adjustment and perceived parental rejection were examined among 983 school children aged 9–18 years (54% girls). The Personality Adjustment Questionnaire (PAQ) and the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) were used. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted and post hoc analyses were performed to examine any significant interactions between the investigated variables. The results confirm that perceived rejection by both parents is significantly associated with several dimensions of children’s psychological adjustment. Moreover, this relation was moderated by children’s sex and age for some adjustment dimensions. Perceived parental rejection tended to have a more robust effect on daughters than on sons and on younger children (boys and girls) than on older children. In addition, maternal rejection contributed to a greater extent to the negative self-esteem and the negative self-adequacy of younger children compared to older children. Besides, paternal rejection contributed to a greater extent to the emotional instability and the negative self-adequacy of girls compared to boys. Understanding this relation and its moderators at early stages can help design accurate prevention and intervention programs within a family setting. This knowledge will help professionals focus on specific and suitable adjustment dimensions according to a child’s sex and at an appropriate stage of the developmental process, and help children avoid the development of future negative psychological outcomes.

A Comparative Study of Adjustment between Boys and Girls at Undergraduate Level

Adjustment is one of the most important psychological activities of human being. In psychology, it refers to the behavioural process by which humans and other animals maintain equilibrium among their various needs or between their needs and the obstacles of their environments. The present study was conducted on the undergraduate students of various colleges of Ahmedabad city. The main objective of the study was to identify the adjustment problems among the college going students. The four dimensions of adjustment i.e. Home, Health, Social and Emotional were studied across two sexes i.e. Boys and Girls. A sample of 64 students (32 Boys and 32 Girls) was selected by using quota sampling technique from various colleges. Bell’s Adjustment Inventory for college students by Dr.R.K.Ojha (1968) was administered. The statistical analysis was done using t -test to find out the significant difference of adjustment across different variables. The findings revealed that the male and female students differ significantly in their emotional and social adjustment. However, the two groups showed no significant difference in their home and health adjustment. Thus, based on the results it can be said that male and female students significantly differ on their adjustment level. This research creates awareness regarding different problems in various domains of adjustment and its critical evaluation can help to design appropriate intervention programs.

A COMPARETIVE STUDY ON THE ADJUSTMENT OF PLAYER AND NON-PLAYER COLLEGE LEVEL MALE STUDENTS

Present study was conducted to find out the difference between different levels of adjustment in player and non-player college level male students. The sample of 20 football players was selected from the colleges of Punjabi University, Patiala. After the selection of 200 male students 18 to 25 of Patiala city were considered as the population of the study. 200 students are taken half of player Males and half of non-player males. As per objective and nature of the study, the investigator used descriptive survey method of research. Adjustment inventory for college students by “A.K.P. Sinha and R.P. Sinha” was used to collect the data of the study. To compare the level of different dimensions of adjustment between players and non-player male students mean, s.d. and t-test were used. The results revealed that player male students and non player male students are equally social adjusted. They equally participated in social activities. So there is no significant difference between player and non-player male students on social adjustment. There is also no significant difference between player and non-player male students on educational adjustment but there is a significant difference between player and non-player male students on emotional adjustment.

Emotional support on re-entry into the home country: Does it matter for repatriates’ adjustment who the providers are?

This study examines the influence of repatriates’ emotional support providers (home country friends/relatives, host country friends/relatives, and friends/relatives with expatriate experience) on both their psychological and sociocultural adjustment on re-entry into their home country. The study builds on social identity theory and examines the mediating role of the salience of repatriates’ international role identity. Predictions are tested using a quantitative survey data of 121 repatriates. The results show a positive indirect effect of the amount of support repatriates receive from home country friends/relatives on both dimensions of adjustment through a decreased salience of their international role identity. Furthermore, analyses show a negative indirect effect of maintaining supportive connections with host country friends/relatives on both psychological and sociocultural adjustment through an increased salience of repatriates’ international role identity. The results also show a direct effect of having or not having host country friends/relatives as emotional support providers in such a way that repatriates who do not have supportive host country friends/relatives are better psychologically adjusted upon re-entry. This study raises new questions about generally accepted advice for the adjustment strategies of expatriates, such as building connections with host country nationals.

Creativity as Related To Adjustment of Adolescents

The present study is to examine the creativity as related to adjustment of secondary school students. Sample comprised of 100(50 boys and 50 girls) from Government school of district Muktsar of Punjab was selected randomly. Data were conducted by using Creativity test by Passi, B.K and Adjustment Inventory by Sinha, A.K.P & Singh, R.P. The results revealed that there exist significant and positive relationship between creativity and adjustment and different dimensions of adjustment i.e. emotional, social and educational adjustment of adolescents.

Couples' Labour Supply Responses to Job Loss: Growth and Recession Compared

We examine whether couples in the UK increase labour supply to cushion the fall in earnings from a job loss, comparing periods of growth and recession. We consider both male and female earners and various dimensions of labour supply adjustment. We find evidence of labour supply reactions, but they can be negative as well as positive, particularly at the extensive margin. During the recession, household reactions are either unchanged or couples increase their labour market attachment, with bigger positive reactions and smaller negative ones. People do not react in advance of job losses, suggesting that unemployment is a surprise.

The Role of Differentiation of Self and Dyadic Adjustment in Predicting Codependency

Working within the framework of the Bowen’s Family Systems Theory and using data from 318 non-clinical participants, the present study assessed a model in which codependent behaviors were predicted by dyadic adjustment in couple relationships and differentiation of self. Results indicated that the dimensions of differentiation of self (I-position, emotional reactivity, emotional cutoff, fusion with others) were more important in explaining the codependent behavior compared to the dimensions of dyadic adjustment (dyadic satisfaction, cohesion, consensus, affective expression). These results suggest the importance of considering the dynamics and outcomes of the process of differentiation of self both in research and in counselling and clinical practice with individuals, couples, and families.

A comparison of cognitive emotion regulation, lifestyle, and dimensions of adjustment in 3 groups of patients with multiple sclerosis, patients with cancer under chemotherapy and patients relieved from brain tumor

The purpose of the present study WAS to compare cognitive emotion regulation, lifestyle, and dimensions of adjustment in 3 groups of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), patients with cancer under chemotherapy and patients relieved from brain tumor. The statistical sample included 72 patients that were all selected by convenience sampling method. They filled out the questionnaires of cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, multidimensional adjustment scales, and lifestyle questionnaire. The results showed that in the score of positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation, the mean score of the MS group was significantly more than the cancer group. In lifestyle, the mean score of the brain tumor group was significantly more than the other two groups. In adjustment and personal, social, job, and family dimensions, the scores of the cancer group were significantly more than the other two groups.

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The Impact of the Perceived Self-Efficacy on the Academic Adjustment among Qassim University Undergraduates

The main purpose of the study was to explore the impact of the perceived self-efficacy on the academic adjustment among a sample of Qassim University female undergraduates. Two tests were utilized; the perceived self-efficacy and the academic adjustment, the validity and reliability of the tests were insured. A sample of 150 undergraduate from Qassim University enrolled in the first semester of the academic year 2016/2017 from the faculty of Arts and sciences/Ar-Rass, the participants were selected by the simple random technique. The participants level of the perceived self-efficacy was low, the means scores range between 1.05 - 1.61, the social dimension score was the highest (M = 1.61), and the emotional dimension score was the lowest (M = 1.05), the overall means of the test score was 1.38; the academic adjustment score was also low the means range between 1.05 - 1.28, the academic dimension means score was high (M = 1.21), and the teacher-learner relationship score was low (M = 1.05), the overall means of the test was 1.21. The statistical correlation between the emotional dimension and the academic adjustment dimensions was not significant. But a significant statistical correlation was found between the dimension of determination and perseverance, the cognitive dimension and the overall perceived self-efficacy and the academic dimension.

Gender Difference on Anxiety, Adjustment, Emotional Intelligence, Study Habit and Attitude among Adolescents

The major purpose of this study is to find out anxiety, adjustment, emotional intelligence, study habits and attitude difference between adolescent boys and girls (14-16years). For this purpose data was collected from 60 high school students; 30 boys and 30 girls. The tools used were State and Trait Anxiety Test (STAT), Academic Anxiety Scale, Global Adjustment Scale, Emotional Intelligence Scale, and Test of Study Habits and Attitudes (TSHA). The results indicate that there is no significant mean difference in general anxiety and academic anxiety between boys and girls. However there are significant gender difference in certain dimensions of Emotional Intelligence like empathy, self-motivation, self-development, Study Habits, attitude, and certain dimensions of adjustment.

College Adjustment as a Mediator Between Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Work Self-Efficacy

Abstract Studies have addressed features of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in higher education, but the potential relationships between ADHD symptoms, dimensions of college adjustment and students' work self-efficacy remain scarcely explored. The aim of this study was to test a theoretical model in which the dimensions of college adjustment mediate the relationship between ADHD symptoms and work self-efficacy. Participants were 509 college students from two Brazilian public universities. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using a path analysis model. The ADHD symptoms affected work self-efficacy exclusively through college adjustment problems. Improving students' well-being, social support networks, study habits, and feelings regarding their majors and the university may reduce the potential disadvantages in work self-efficacy caused by ADHD symptoms.

Appraisal of transplant-related stressors, coping strategies, and psychosocial adjustment following kidney transplantation.

This study examined the relations between appraisal of transplant-related stressors, coping, and adjustment dimensions following kidney transplantation (KT). Two models were tested: (1) the main effects model proposing that stress appraisal and coping strategies are directly associated with adjustment dimensions; and (2) the moderating model of stress proposing that each coping strategy interacts with stress appraisal. Importantly, there is a lack of research examining the two models simultaneously among recipients of solid organ transplantation. A total of 174 KT recipients completed the questionnaires. Predictors of post-transplant adjustment included appraisal of transplant-related stressors and coping strategies (task-, emotion-, and avoidance-focused). Adjustment dimensions were psychological distress, worries about the transplant, feelings of guilt, fear of disclosure of transplant, adherence, and responsibility for the functioning of the new organ. The main and moderating effects were tested with regression analyses. Appraisal of transplant-related stressors and emotion-oriented coping were related to all adjustment dimensions, except of adherence and responsibility. Task-oriented coping was positively related to responsibility. Avoidance-oriented coping was negatively correlated with adherence. Only 1 out of 18 hypothesized interactive terms was significant, yielding a synergistic interaction between appraisal of transplant-related stressors and emotion-oriented coping on the sense of guilt. The findings have the potential to inform interventions promoting psychosocial adjustment among KT recipients.

The HEXACO personality traits, cultural intelligence, and international student adjustment

Cross-cultural adjustment is a challenge faced by sojourner groups around the world. Although associations between the Big Five personality traits and cross-cultural adjustment are well established, less is known about the six-factor HEXACO model of personality and adjustment. Moreover, recent research has considered whether individual differences in cultural intelligence (CQ) might supplant personality traits for predicting adjustment. The present study examined the HEXACO personality traits and four facets of CQ as predictors of cross-cultural adjustment for a sample of 355 international students attending university in the United States. A series of hierarchical regression analyses revealed that several facets of CQ predicted incremental variance in students' cross-cultural adjustment over and above the HEXACO traits across all dimensions of adjustment. Conversely, several HEXACO traits predicted incremental variance in students' interaction and school-related adjustment over and above CQ. Cognitive CQ and motivational CQ demonstrated consistent criterion-related validities for predicting all facets of adjustment. Additionally, Extraversion was related to interaction adjustment, and Conscientiousness was related to school-related adjustment over and above students' standing on the facets of CQ. Rather than considering cultural intelligence and personality traits as in conflict, researchers should consider these characteristics as complementary yet distinct predictors of cross-cultural adjustment.

Marital Adjustment and Psychological Distress in Japan.

This study was conducted to examine the association between marital adjustment and psychological distress in a large, probability sample of married adults in Japan (N = 710) from the Midlife Development in Japan (MIDJA) study. Results indicate that positive and negative dimensions of marital adjustment were significantly associated with dimensional and categorical measures of psychological distress. Furthermore, the associations between marital adjustment and psychological distress remained significant when statistically controlling for neuroticism, quality of friend and family relationships, and demographic variables. These results demonstrate that the well-established association between marital adjustment and psychological distress found in European-American countries is also found in Japan. Findings support continued research on marital functioning and psychological distress in East Asian countries.

Going through the motions

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to test the properties of the well-known three-dimensional adjustment scale, established by Blacket al.(1988, 1989), namely, its dimensionality and internal consistency. The theoretical basis of the construct is discussed in relation to formative and reflective measurement approaches.Design/methodology/approach– Two different ways of organizing the adjustment items (random/non-random) were used to assess the internal consistency of the three-dimensional adjustment scale. The quantitative analysis presented is based on survey data from 468 assigned expatriates in Asia that were subjected to an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis as well as a structural equation modeling – more specifically the multiple indicators multiple causes model (MIMIC).Findings– The study revealed that the adjustment construct is possibly misspecified, especially the general adjustment dimension, that was tested as a formative, not a reflective scale. There is further evidence that the wrong measurement approach skewed the coefficient that connects adjustment to performance, which is the key construct in its nomological network. Moreover, the dimensionality and the internal consistency of the scale are deteriorated to a large extent by randomization of the items. The findings highlight the need for a clear concept definition that would lead to an appropriate operationalization of the construct.Originality/value– The study is one of the few rigorously testing the properties of a construct that has been used for almost 30 years, thus yielding some novel conclusions about its stability and consistency.

An Improved Evaluation of College Students' Decision-making Behavior Based on Online Survey: Improving Management Performance through Network

Along with the popularization of network education, more and more college students study and work through the network. Through the network platform and database technology, teachers can effectively improve the efficiency of college student’s management and education. In this paper, we make an empirical analysis to test the college students' decision-making behavior by using online survey, the result shows that decision making style will indirectly affect the career decision-making through the self management strategy (self adjustment dimension) and job definition (cognitive dimension).Therefore, in the background of internet data, effective using network and database to analyze the behavior of college students, can help students make decisionmaking better. At the same time, it will improve the performance management in colleges and universities

A Comparative Study on Adjustment between Obese and Non Obese Children

We conducted a study on adjustment between obese and non-obese children. We used Adjustment Inventory for School Students (AISS) by A.K.P.Sinha and R.P.Singh and information schedule for collecting information regarding their physical activity, dietary patterns, lifestyle, etc. Results revealed that there has been a significant difference in the emotional, social and educational adjustment between obese and non-obese children. The mean value of different dimensions of adjustment of non-obese children is higher than obese children. The correlation value indicated a significant relationship between the scores of BMI and adjustment. Thus good health status, healthy diet, regular exercise, and physical activities have positive effects on adjustment of children. It may be concluded that healthy life style patterns may prevent obesity amongst children.