Dimensional Processing Research Articles

Variational approach to learning photonic unitary operators

Structured light, light tailored in its internal degrees of freedom, has become topical in numerous quantum and classical information processing protocols. In this work, we harness the high dimensional nature of structured light modulated in the transverse spatial degree of freedom to realize an adaptable scheme for learning unitary operations. Our approach borrows from concepts in variational quantum computing, where a search or optimization problem is mapped onto the task of finding a minimum ground state energy for a given energy/goal function. We achieve this by a pseudo-random walk procedure over the parameter space of the unitary operation, implemented with optical matrix-vector multiplication enacted on arrays of Gaussian modes by exploiting the partial Fourier transforming capabilities of a cylindrical lens in the transverse degree of freedom for the measurement. We outline the concept theoretically, and experimentally demonstrate that we are able to learn optical unitary matrices for dimensions d = 2, 4, 8, and 16 with average fidelities of >90%. Our work advances high dimensional information processing and can be adapted to both process and quantum state tomography of unknown states and channels.

Sb2S3/AlGaAs-based reconfigurable metasurface for dynamic polarization and directionality control of quantum emitter emission.

In this article, we report, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, phase change material (PCM)-based reconfigurable metasurfaces for tailoring different degrees of freedom (DoF) of the quantum emitter (QE) emission, namely polarization and directionality, two key controlling factors in applications such as quantum computing, communication, and chiral optics. We have used a hybrid plasmon-QE coupled bullseye grating system utilizing the unexplored concept of composite nano-antennas in quantum photonics as the basic building block of the structures. Carefully engineered azimuthal width profile of the Sb2S3/AlGaAs composite ridge and selectively controlled transition of PCM (Sb2S3) states provide dynamic control over the amplitude and phase of the scattered radiation. Based on this methodology, we have designed five different metasurfaces for on-demand switching of target DoFs of QE emission, ensuring high collection efficiency due to the near-field coupling scheme. The first two metasurfaces switch the majority of the outgoing radiation from radially polarized to circularly polarized, whereas the next two switch the direction of circularly polarized outgoing radiation by a maximum of 9.23° while maintaining the spin state (or polarization chirality) in the simulation environment. The third metasurface category is capable of on-demand generation and separation of opposite spin states of outgoing radiation by 11.48° utilizing the selectively controlled phase transition of Sb2S3. Such reconfigurable multi-dimensional manipulation of QE radiation has not been investigated previously. This work proves the vast potential of active metasurfaces to modify the DoFs of QE emission, paving the way for high-dimensional quantum sources for high-speed quantum communication, higher dimensional quantum processing, and switchable chiral optics.

Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Technology in Precision Hepatectomy for Primary Liver Cancer

Abstract Background Primary Liver Cancer has become a potent threat to the world due to its high morbidity and mortality rate. Up till now, Liver transplantation is the most suggested treatment but it is not feasible owing to the unavailability of donors and high cost. Hepatectomy provides an alternative treatment to this deadliest disease. Precision hepatectomy is performed with the aid of traditional 2 dimensional technology and image processing such as CT scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. However, it requires extensive expertise and pose challenges to the young doctors in decision making. Modern imaging and computer technology has opened the new avenues in medical field with the advent of 3 dimensional Reconstruction and visualization methods. Material and Methods We conducted a cohort retrospective study. In this study, we tried to evaluate the efficacy an impacts of 3 dimensional reconstruction on the preoperative planning of hepatectomy, intraoperative conditions and postoperative complications. We took 95 patients and divided them in two groups A and B. Group A has 67 patients who underwent hepatectomy before the application of 3 dimensional reconstruction and 28 patients on whom hepatectomy was performed according to the planning and methods of 3dimensional reconstruction and results were evaluated. Results Our study found that 3 dimensional reconstruction can help in better diagnosis, resection planning and reduce the postoperative complication. Results were not significant difference p > 0.05 on the incidence of postoperative complication between group A and B. Results were significant p < 0.05 for the intraoperative blood loss, optimal surgery time and postoperative hospitalization. Conclusion Hence, 3 dimensional reconstruction is a landmark discovery in medical sciences for the accurate evaluation and resection of complex liver cancers.

Sparse Regularization Based on Orthogonal Tensor Dictionary Learning for Inverse Problems

In seismic data processing, data recovery including reconstruction of the missing trace and removal of noise from the recorded data are the key steps in improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The reconstruction of seismic data and removal of noise becomes a sparse optimization problem that can be solved by using sparse regularization. Sparse regularization is a key tool in the solution of inverse problems. They are used to introduce prior knowledge and make the approximation of ill-posed inverses feasible. It deals with ill-posedness by replacing an ill-posed inverse problem with a well-posed problem that has a solution close to the true solution. In the last 2 decades, interest has shifted from linear toward nonlinear regularization methods even for linear inverse problems. In inverse problems, regularizations serve as stabilizing the solution of ill-posed inverse problems and give a solution that adequately fits measurements without producing unjustifiably complex artifacts. In this paper, we present a novel sparse regularization based on a tensor-based dictionary method for inverse problems (seismic data interpolation and denoising). This regularization avoids the vectorization step for sparse representation of seismic data during the reconstruction process. The key step in sparsifying signals is the choice of sparsity-promoting dictionary learning. The learning-based approach can adaptively sparsify datasets but has high computational complexity and involves no prior-constraint pattern information for the dataset. Many existing dictionary learning methods would be computationally infeasible for the high dimensional seismic data processing. These methods also destroy the essential information as well as it reduces the discriminability and expressibility of the signal, since they deal with vectorization. In this paper, the orthogonal tensor dictionary learning that learns a dictionary from the input data by employing orthogonality and separability is proposed as sparse regularization for the inverse problems. The performance of the proposed method was validated in seismic data interpolation and denoising individually as well as simultaneously. Numerical examples of synthetic and real seismic datasets demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. The SNR of the recovered data confirms that the proposed method is the most effective method than K-singular value decomposition and orthogonal dictionary learning methods.

Matching analysis on flow limiting valve of marine diesel engine common rail system

The flow limiting valve (FLV) designed for the high pressure common rail fuel system (CRS) was designed, the simulation model of the FLV and electronic controlled injector is established and the injector’s model was verified by experiment data. Through simulation, the maximum cycle injection quantity (CIQ) and close flow quantity (CFQ) of the CRS matched with the FLV are verified, and the influence of key FLV’s parameters on the matching performance was analysed. The maximum CIQ is 722mm3 and the CFQ is 1194.2mm3, which can satisfy the technical requirements of the CRS under overload conditions. The closing lift and orifice diameter of the FLV has a significant impact on the CFQ, which should be carefully designed according to the technical requirements, and the dimensional tolerance and processing accuracy should be guaranteed in the production and assembly process to ensure the consistency of the CFQ.

Specific energy consumption of electro-contact-chemical treatment of metals with a vibrating tool in the electrolyte

According to the specific energy consumption, the shaping processes are arranged in three energy levels. Electrophysical and electrochemical methods of metal processing are at the third level, where the specific energy consumption is more than 6∙104 J/cm3. The analysis of the literature data showed the inconsistency of the specific costs of some authors. The specific energy consumption of electrical contact processing cannot be commensurate with the costs of electrochemical processing due to the different sizes of the particles removed from the surface of the workpiece. There are no literature data on the specific energy consumption of electro-contact-chemical treatment of metals with a vibrating instrument in the electrolyte, therefore, experiments have been carried out with the fixation of current, voltage and interelectrode gap oscillograms. The method of calculation of specific energy consumption according to the oscillograms of the process is given. The energy costs for vibration of the electrode-tool are calculated, which are an order of magnitude less for electro-contact-chemical treatment. When the vibration amplitude decreases or the voltage on the electrodes increases, the process in the interelectrode gap turns into dimensional arc processing. When electro-contact-chemical treatment of metals with a vibrating tool in water, the specific energy consumption is equal to (3.5–3.8) · 105 J/cm3, which corresponds to electrocon-tact treatment. It is assumed that the use of aqueous solutions of neutral salts will lead to a reduction in energy costs.

ВЛИЯНИЕ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОГО СВЕРЛЕНИЯ НА КАЧЕСТВО ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ОТВЕРСТИЙ В КОНСТРУКЦИОННОМ УГЛЕПЛАСТИКЕ

The article describes the results of a study of the surface morphology of small-diameter through and blind holes obtained by ultrasonic drilling in structural carbon fiber. It is established that the message to the instrument of ultrasonic vibrations of small amplitude contributes to the formation of a uniform morphology of the surface of the holes without breaks, delaminations and shells. On the side surface of the holes treated with ultrasound, there are practically no pulled out and disoriented reinforcing fibers, which indicates an increase in the quality indicators of the dimensional processing of carbon fiber plastics.

ВЛИЯНИЕ РЕЖИМОВ ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ НА МИКРОТВЕРДОСТЬ ПОВЕРХНОСТНЫХ СЛОЕВ ТИТАНОВЫХ СПЛАВОВ

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of regime parameters at electrochemical dimensional processing on the microhardness of titanium alloys, its connection with the gas saturation of the surface layer and the change in depth.

STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF INJECTION MOLDING PARAMETERS ON THE WARPAGE AND SHRINKAGE IN HOT RUNNER SYSTEM MOLD

The good combination of injection molding parameters (IMP) will make high quality product by elimination of defects occurred during injection molding process such as warpage and shrinkage. This paper investigates influence of IMPs on shrinkage and warpage on injection molding process using hot runner system. Taguchi method and ANOVA analysis are used to optimize the IMPs including melt temperature, filling time, injection pressure, packing pressure, coolant inlet temperature, cooling time, and flow rate. The analysis and simulation processes were done by using a Moldflow software. The plastic material is acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with some features of the dimensional stability, chemical endurance, and simple processing capacity. The results show that melt temperature and coolant temperature are the main factors affecting the warpage with 66.67% of melt temperature and 15.59% of cooling temperature. The melt temperature and packing pressure are the main factors affecting the shrinkage with 74.62% of melt temperature and 19.46% of packing pressure. The optimal IMP is retested with warpage defect reduced 16.6% and shrinkage decreased of about 2.45% after optimization.

Study on Preparation and Processing Properties of Mechano-Chemical Micro-Grinding Tools

The application of hard and brittle materials such as single-crystal silicon in small parts has expanded sharply, and the requirements for their dimensional accuracy and processing surface quality have been continuously improved. This paper proposes using mechano-chemical micro-grinding tools to process single-crystal silicon, which can realize the high-quality and efficient processing of such tiny parts through mechano-chemical composite action. The microstructure composition of the mechano-chemical micro-grinding tools was designed, the theoretical analysis model of grinding force was established and verified by experiments, and the temperature field distribution during mechano-chemical micro-grinding of single-crystal silicon was simulated and studied, which provided a theoretical basis for mechano-chemical action. Special micro-grinding tools were developed, and mechano-chemical micro-grinding processing tests were carried out. The results show that the coupling synergy of grinding force and grinding temperature improves the chemical activity of the micro-grinding tools, thereby promoting the solid–solid phase chemical reaction of abrasives and additives at the sharp points of the surface of the micro-grinding tools. And when the content of cerium oxide abrasive is 25%, it is more conducive to the solid–solid phase chemical reaction, and calcium oxide can be used as an additive to promote the active agent of solid–solid phase chemical reaction, improve the degree of chemical reaction, and thus improve the removal rate of materials. Soft reactants that are easy to remove are generated on the surface of monocrystalline silicon and are removed by the mechanical friction between the abrasive grain and the surface of the silicon wafer, and finally achieve low-damage processing with a surface roughness of Ra1.332 nm, which is much better than the surface roughness of Ra96.363 nm after diamond abrasive processing.

Tug of War games and PDEs on graphs with applications in image and high dimensional data processing

The aim of this note is to revisit the connections between some stochastic games, namely Tug-of-War games, and a class of nonlocal PDEs on graphs. We consider a general formulation of Tug-of-War games which is shown to be related to many classical PDEs in the continuous setting. We transcribe these equations on graphs using ad hoc differential operators and we show that it covers several nonlocal PDEs on graphs such as infty -Laplacian, game p-Laplacian and the eikonal equation. This unifying mathematical framework allows us to easily design simple algorithms to solve several inverse problems in imaging and data science, with a particular focus on cultural heritage and medical imaging.

Багатомодульна електроерозійна головка розмірної обробки дугою

In modern conditions at repair plants and workshops, there is a need to process various parts from hard-to-machine materials, for example, from G13 steel, hardened steels and hard alloys. When implementing electropulse processing, the process is accompanied by mandatory pauses that negatively affect processing performance. A distinctive feature of the arc dimensional processing method, compared to electric pulse processing, is a significantly higher processing productivity (approximately by an order of magnitude or more), but stationary machines are massive, difficult to manufacture, occupy a large area and are very expensive. Therefore, only some of them are used for repair work. In addition, portable EDM machines and heads implementing the ROD process are used for repair work, but they have a narrow technological purpose. The purpose of the research is to expand the technological capabilities of the head without significantly increasing its cost due to the use of multi-module equipment. Conceptually, the problem is solved in a well-known electroerosion head of arc dimensional processing (module 1) with a working fluid station and a power source with technological current based on a desktop drilling machine due to the fact that the table for the machine is made in the form of a container in which one or two additional mobile modules are stored of another technological purpose, for example, module 2 for dimensional arc processing of bodies of rotation, which is installed on a lathe instead of a cutter, and module 3 for dimensional arc processing of holes in large-sized parts, which is made autonomously in the form of a portable EDM machine, and all modules are powered by one working fluid station and one power source with process current, but do not work simultaneously. The concept of the electroerosion multi-module head for dimensional processing of the arc, which includes the composition, general technical description and module connection diagrams, has been developed. It is shown that the use of an EDM head for dimensional processing with an arc with a working fluid station and a power source with a technological current based on a desktop drilling machine allows you to expand its technological capabilities due to the use of a multi-module processing principle without significantly increasing the cost of equipment.

Near-Field Millimeter-Wave Imaging via Multi-Plane MIMO Arrays

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) array-based millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging has broad application prospects in concealed weapons detection due to its capability of high resolution at a reasonable cost. This paper presents a novel multi-plane MIMO array topology for near-field MMW imaging. The multi-plane MIMO arrays can offer wider angular observations of the target under test than the traditional planar MIMO arrays. Although the cylindrical MIMO array can achieve similar focusing performance as the multi-plane one, the multi-plane MIMO arrays are much easier to fabricate since each subarray has the same structure as a planar one. In addition, to speed up the image reconstruction process, we propose a corresponding three-dimensional (3-D) imaging algorithm with hybrid processing in the time-domain and wavenumber-domain. The proposed algorithm is even more efficient than the wavenumber-domain algorithm for the cylindrical MIMO array that has the same scale as the proposed multi-plane array scheme, which clearly shows that the hybrid time-wavenumber domain processing can avoid the enormous computation burdens of higher dimensional processing of the wavenumber-domain MIMO imaging algorithms. Numerical simulations and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed multi-plane MIMO array imaging technique in comparison with the most commonly used arrays and algorithms.

STUDY OF DURABILITY IN THE CONNECTION “CONE-TUNGSTEN CARBIDE INSERT” FOR TENSION DEPENDENCE

During and after the technological operation of pressing these factors significantly determine the residual stress states of tungsten carbide inserts, as well as in the areas near the holes of the cones’ crowns of the cone. The stressed state of the inserts and the magnitude of the stress concentration determine their fatigue strength of them and the durability of the inserted carbide rock-blasting equipment of the cones in the area where the inserts the cone. Dimensional analysis was done for the inserts and holes in the cones of bit and it was established that size errors of component links of dimensional chains are distributed according to laws that are similar to the normal law of distribution of random variables. The test was carried out according to the criteria of Pearson and Kolmogorov. The influence of various random and systematic factors results to the dispersion of dimensions on the dimensional processing of conjugated surfaces. The amount of tension is a function of the dimensions for mating surfaces during assembly operations. Dispersion of dimensions for the component links of the dimensional chain of a press connection causes the formation of a practical field of dispersion of the closing link. Accuracy control for the closing link in the dimensional chain is impossible if there are no direct measurements of the constituent links. A mathematical model of the process of assembling "cone-tungsten carbide insert" joints was created. For this, the methods of mathematical statistics were applied in the study. It was established that the tension values have a greater influence on the force of pressing inserts into the holes of drill steels 14 NiCrMo1, when its hardness value is HRC 59-60 compared to HRC 48-50. This dependence has a linear character within the limits of the studied tension values. The established relationships make it possible to reasonably and most accurately form selective groups of inserts and mark holes for them. This method significantly reduces losses in the production of drilling tools.

Overview of Laser Self Spatial Dimensional Processing Systems

Overview of Laser Self Spatial Dimensional Processing Systems

Удосконалення електроерозійної головки розмірної обробки дугою на базі настільного свердлувального верстата з ручною подачею електрода-інструмента

Currently, in mechanical engineering, the nomenclature of processed materials and the shape of processed products stimulate the use of various types of electrical processing of metals. The most common of them is electropulse treatment. The cost of a modern electric pulse machine is estimated at hundreds of thousands of dollars. In addition, this method of processing uses as an energy carrier an electric spark or an electric pulse that burns in the end interelectrode gap with pauses. During a pause, the part is not processed, therefore, the electropulse method of processing does not provide the maximum possible processing productivity. At the same time, the conditions of repair factories and workshops do not require high processing precision, but require cheaper equipment and high processing performance. A highly productive method of dimensional processing of metals with an electric arc is known. A well-known electroerosion head for dimensional treatment with an arc, created on the basis of a desktop machine. It has a manual axial feed of the electrode-tool from a gear shaft driven by a steering wheel, easy to manufacture, occupies a small area, does not require the modernization of the basic machine, and therefore does not require additional funds, is not expensive, and therefore can be used in repair factories and in workshops. However, when operating a known EDM head, the operator feels a great force on the handle of the steering wheel, which feeds the electrode-instrument. Moreover, the greater the difference between the outer diameter of the electrode holder and the diameter of the hole being stitched, the greater the effort the operator must overcome. This leads to a significant narrowing of the operational characteristics of the head. In addition, with frequent artificial short circuits related to the accuracy of the feed, the quality of processing deteriorates. That is why the use of the head in repair factories and workshops is limited. The purpose of the research is to improve the operational characteristics of the head and increase the quality indicators of processing due to the use of a self-braking transmission. The task of unloading is solved in the well-known electroerosion head of dimensional treatment with an arc on the basis of a table-top drilling machine with manual feeding of the electrode-tool due to the fact that a self-braking transmission, for example, a one-way worm, with a flywheel and a handle, is installed in place of the steering wheel of the gear shaft drive, and the head is supplied with an ammeter that measures the current strength during processing, and the ammeter is located in the field of view of the operator. A self-braking transmission is proposed as a control mechanism for the manual feeding of the electrode-tool for the EDM head of dimensional treatment with an arc based on a desktop drilling machine. It is shown that the use of such an EDM head allows to improve its operational characteristics by relieving the operator from axial forces during control and to increase the quality indicators of processing by reducing the number of short circuits and increasing control accuracy.

Interrupted-Sampling and Non-Uniform Periodic Repeater Jamming against mDT-STAP System

The difference between sampling data and detection data can degrade the performance of space-time adaptive processing (STAP). A jamming algorithm with a non-uniform periodic repeater based on interrupted-sampling is proposed against the reduced dimensional space-time adaptive processing (STAP) system for the first time. Firstly, the model of m-bins doppler transform (mDT) STAP training and processing signal samples is described. Then, the method of false targets generated by the non-uniform periodic repeater is analyzed theoretically based on the principle of interrupted-sampling. The simulation shows that numerous false targets with different amplitude and intervals can be generated by changing the retransmitted parameters. The independent identical distribution (IID) of system sample data can be destroyed after these false targets are received by the radar system, and the main lobe will be distorted when the system’s adaptive weight vector is formed. The processing performance of the mDT-STAP system is seriously degraded. The jamming method proposed based on interrupted-sampling and the non-uniform periodic repeater offers great potential for the interference research on STAP in real conditions.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ НА СОСТОЯНИЕ ПОВЕРХНОСТНОГО СЛОЯ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ШТАМПОВОЙ ОСНАСТКИ

The article is devoted to studying the influence of technological parameters of electrochemical dimensional processing mode on the structure and physical and mechanical parameters of the die engraving working sections, which made it possible to recommend this method as a finishing operation in the manufacture of forging dies.

High Dimensional Data Processing Based on Optimized DPC Algorithm

With the rapid growth of science and technology, machine learning and big data analysis have developed more and more difficult. Similarly, data also become difficult to process and classify due to the fact that the data dimension is becoming larger and larger. Furthermore, aiming at the defect due to the amount of data the clustering using speedy examine, search, and discovery of density peaks (also known as DPC) does not adjust to data sets with large dimensions (high-dimensional). Therefore, in this paper, we suggest an optimization procedure, which we pronounce as t-dpc, and is founded on the t-sne dimension lessening technique, and which can also optimize the technique for estimation of the Gaussian kernel function, using unified measurement criteria in solving density. In the simulation based experiments, using two different data sets i.e., the UCI standard data set, and the artificial data set, the proposed DPC procedure is associated with the classical t-dpc algorithm. The empirical evaluation and investigational outcomes illustrate that the proposed method of t-dpc not merely acclimatizes to the high-dimensional data sets, nevertheless it also increases the effectiveness of the classical DPC technique.

Experimental Study on the Influence of Cross-Section Type of Marine Cable Conductors on the Bending Performance

Through the development of marine energy, marine cables are the key equipment for transmission of electrical energy between surface platforms and underwater facilities. Fatigue failure is a critical failure mode of marine cables. The bending performance of the cable conductor has a major influence on both bending and fatigue performances of the overall cable structure. To study the influence of different types of the conductor cross-section on the bending performances of marine cable conductors, three types of copper conductors with the same cross-sectional area, i.e., noncompressed round, compressed round, and shaped wire conductors, were selected. The experimental results demonstrated that the cross-section type significantly affects the bending performances of copper conductors. In particular, the bending stiffness of the shaped wire conductor is the highest among the three conductor types. Four key evaluation parameters, i.e., the bending stiffness, maximum bending moment, envelope area, and engineering critical slip point, were selected to compare and analyze the bending hysteresis curves of the three copper conductors. The differences in the key evaluation parameters were analyzed based on the structural dimensional parameters, processing methods, and classical bending stiffness theoretical models of the three copper conductor types. The results provide an important theoretical guidance for the structural design and engineering applications of marine cable conductors.