Dimensional Curve Research Articles

A software package for TL/OSL spectrometry and extraction of glow curves from individual grains

A software system has been developed for Macintosh and PC compatible computers running Windows which allows manipulation of time-resolved images collected during TL or OSL analysis of samples. The system utilizes a position-sensitive microchannel plate detector for image capture allowing time encoding for each detected photon. Images may be displayed over specified time/temperature intervals, or may be viewed in entirety in animation mode. Using mouse control, individual grains (1) may be selected for glow curve extraction, (2) may be added to a group of previously selected grains, or (3) may be individually excluded from a larger group of grains. Selected data may be displayed as two dimensional glow curves on screen and may be output in ASCII form for importation into other applications

An algebraic and Bayesian technology for object recognition

This paper presents a new robust, low computational cost technology for recognizing free-form objects in three-dimensional (3D) range data, or, in two dimensional (2D) curve data in the image plane. Objects are represented by implicit polynomials (i.e. 3D algebraic surfaces or 2D algebraic curves) of degree greater than two, and are recognized by computing and matching vectors of their algebraic invariants (which are functions of their coefficients that are invariant to translations, rotations and general linear transformations). Such polynomials of the fourth degree can represent objects considerably more complicated than quadrics and super-quadrics, and can realize object recognition at significantly lower computational cost. Unfortunately, the coefficients of high degree implicit polynomials are highly sensitive to small changes in the data to which the polynomials are fit, thus often making recognition based on these polynomial coefficients or their invariants unreliable. We take two approaches to the...

Thin Film Growth and Magnetic Properties for Fe/GaAs(100).

ABSTRACTThin Fe films, 1 nm to 90 nm, have been grown on GaAs (100) substrates in ultra high vacuum, base pressure = 2×l0−8 Pa. The growth of the films has been followed with Auger electron spectroscopy and a recently developed in-situ UHV M/H hysteresis loop tracer. The Auger signal provides an indication as to when the Fe covers the GaAs substrate or when it clusters into three dimensional islands. The magnetic hysteresis loop tracer provides the coercivity and the saturation magnetic moment, from which the saturation magnetization or average film thickness can be obtained. The coercivity of thin films is sensitive to structure, strain, and to the grain size, in analogy to its sensitivity to particle size for small particles. The data show that the coercivity, Hc, as a function of film thickness, is very sensitive to the annealing procedures and to the resulting morphology, continuous versus local clustering of the iron film. Under proper conditions a clear maximum in Hc versus film thickness is observed for these films near 5 nm thickness, in analogy to three dimensional small particle curves.

A fitting lesson

The ideas behind this paper were generated as a result of the problems encountered by an HND Engineering student at Trent Polytechnic. The student was studying on the second year of a Production Engineering course, a course which contains only very little formal mathematics. He had been given by a member of the Production Engineering staff a mini‐project on a real computer‐controlled drilling machine, and unfortunately the engineer who had given the project did not appreciate the problems the student would have. The project required the writing and verifying of a program which would move the drilling‐bit along a two dimensional curve which was defined by a few points only. The student had no real problems with the programming, but it was the mathematical ideas and principles which caught him out.

The kinematic effects on the rotation curve

In this paper, it is pointed out that if the spiral galaxies as a whole revolve about some common centre, the rotation curve will be changed by the kinematic effects. The common centre could be the centre of a supercluster or the centre of dark matter and luminous matter.The kinematic effects on the rotation curve are calculated. The additional velocity caused by revolution about the common centre is obtained. The 44 rotation curves of Sb and Sc galaxies are expressed by means of a linear least squares fit, from which the period of velolution and the ratio of tidal force to self-gravitating force are estimated for every galaxy in extreme cases. Finally, the measurement on two dimensional rotation curve is suggested to pick out the kinematic effects of revolving.

The sensitivity approach to the analysis of parameter dependencies in reactive collision theory

New working expressions are given for the first derivatives or elementary sensitivity coefficients of reactive and non-reactive scattering matrices with respect to an arbitrary input parameter. The expressions, as in an earlier paper, are constructed for collinear reaction but within now a less restricted representation of the electronic-vibrational degrees of freedom. Application is made to two simple test problems. The first deals with the collision energy dependence of transmission and reflection on a one dimensional potential curve. We examine the relative convergence behavior of values and energy derivatives of the scattering elements with the steplength in our procedure for integrating the dynamical equations, and find that errors in the sensitivity coefficients are sometimes larger and sometimes smaller than those in the corresponding scattering elements. The second test problem adds on a closed potential curve which is non-adiabatically coupled to the potential curve of the first (test problem). We examine the effectiveness of sensitivity and non-sensitivity calculations in describing how the scattering elements behave through the space of a parameter which centers the non-adiabatic coupling envelope. Our findings are drawn into the following concluding statement (of the application section) that: for the single parameter variation, sensitivity and half-spaced non-sensitivity calculations using a common steplength, yield essentially equal quality descriptions of the parameter dependence. When this conclusion is projected into a multi-parametric context and we roughly estimate the relative work involved in the two approaches, a minimum order for the parameter space, i.e. 2, is identified such that the sensitivity approach may be expected to be the more efficient.

A Three‐Dimensional Analytical Method for Predicting Leachate Migration

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an analytical model for predicting contaminant transport from a Gaussian vertical strip source in a three‐dimensional uniform ground‐water flow field. The model takes account of hydrodynamic dispersion, adsorption, and decay. In addition, the effects of partial penetration of the contaminant source and finite aquifer thickness are accounted for. Dimensional analysis and type curve procedure are developed for evaluating steady‐state (or maximum attainable) concentration along the plume center line. Application of the type curve procedure is demonstrated. Also included in the presentation is a method for evaluating the effective decay constant of a nonconservative chemical, based on an assumption of simple hydrolysis. The proposed model has been compared with three other analytical models given in the literature. Two simulation examples are presented. Results of the comparison indicate certain advantages of the present model over its previous counterparts.

Special Bézier quartics in three dimensional curve design and interpolation

The use of special Bezier quartics for three dimensional curve design and interpolation is proposed. These quartics form an extension of parametric cubics and allow the designer one additional local control parameter. The suggested parameters yield control of position and twist of the resulting curve. Using the quartics as interpolating curve segments allows flexible curves for avoiding obstructions (in robotic path design) or for adjusting curvature at the shoulder point of curve segments.

Caracteristiques des representations tridimensionnelles des potentiels evoques auditifs du tronc cerebral

The three dimensional Lissajous curves (3 CLT) of orthogonal derivation (vertex Z+; throat Z-) (left mastoïd Y+; right mastoïd Y-) (nasion X+; neck X-) were calculated and recorded by a computer. 3-D curves were computed with an apparent rotation around the vertical axis Z. Through successive exhibition of the "virtual" plots, the observer will remark a spatial representation of the 3-D curve. As in vectocardiography, a careful scrutiny of these curves displays different planar segments. Of the different coordinates specifying planar segments position in space: azimuth and elevation are the most reproducible. This paper describes the graphic and automatic measurements submitted and gives the results obtained from subjects with normal hearing.

切削荷重が歯髄へ及ぼす影響

In order to investigate the effect of the difference in magnitude of cutting load, one of the cutting conditions, on the dental pulp immediately after cutting in cavity preparation by high-speed cutting on vital tooth, a cutting device capable of exerting a given cutting load was designed. With the use of this device, 80g or 120g cutting load was applied on the six lower anterior teeth of dogs in performing cutting preparation, and light and electron microscopic observations were made. The results were as follows : 1. Scanning electron microscopic observation of the three dimensional structure of dentinal fibers of non-cut dogs' teeth with application of cryofracture and the HCl-collagen digestive method showed that most of the dentinal fibers, as in the human teeth, ran in the three dimensional curve from the odontoblasts arranged in a line and reached the enamel-dentin junction. 2. Light microscopic observation of cavity preparated teeth of dogs showed irregular arrangements, reticular atrophy, and appearance of aspirated bodies in the odontoblasts under the cavity in both 80g and 120g cutting load cases. At the same time, no significant changes were observed in the proper dental pulp under the odontoblasts. 3. Aspirated bodies appeared in 52% of cavity preparations with 80g cutting load and in 60% of 120g load. 4. The fact that the aspirated bodies which had appeared immediately after cavity preparation showed Feulgen positive nuclear reaction suggested that each was the nucleus of the odontoblast. 5. Transmission electron microscopic observation showed morphological changes in odontoblasts in both 80g and 120g preparation cases. Namely, atrophy, pyknosis, and aspiration of some or most the nuclei of odontoblasts which penetrate into the dentinal tubules were observed. However, alterations of the odontoblasts in 120g preparation were more conspicuous than those of 80g preparation. Almost all of the aspirated bodies observed in 120g preparation were located deeply in the dentinal tubules and their nuclei occasionally showed dissolutive appearance. 6. It was suggested that one of the pathogenesis for the appearance of aspirated bodies might result from dragging-in of the dentinal fibers by air-turbine revolution. 7. It was observed in this study that the less cutting load made the impairment to the odontoblast slighter. The necessity of less cutting load in clinical work was confirmed again.

ON THE MAGNITUDES OF THE POSITIVE DEVIATIONS AND OF THE DEFECTS OF ENTIRE CURVES OF FINITE LOWER ORDER

In this paper analogues of results of W. K. Hayman and V. I. Petrenko for functions meromorphic in the finite complex plane are established. The results concern -dimensional entire curves (where the are linearly independent integral functions). We show that converges for and converges for , where is the magnitude of the positive deviation of the integral curve, the Nevanlinna defect and an admissible system of vectors.Bibliography: 18 titles.

A study of pressure-dimension relationships in the normal canine left ventricle. (1) Measurements of the internal minor dimension of the left ventricle with a pulse-transit ultrasonic method.

We measured the internal minor dimension in the normal canine left ventricle using a pulse-transit ultrasonic method. In this report, we explained our methods and techniques, and analyzed the phasic patterns of the dimensional curve. We recognized that our methods and techniques were adequate to measure the internal dimension, and that its phasic patterns were similar to the other reports in the opened chest experiments. The phasic patterns of the dimensional curve were changed under the influencing of the experimental state (opened chest or concious), the site of the transducers in the endocardium and the heart rate. The simultaneous measuring of the pressure and the internal dimension of the left ventricle and the describing of its pressure-dimension loops are the fundamental for the evaluating of the cardiac function.

Charged droplets evaporation and motion in an electric field

Monodisperse spray evaporation is investigated theoretically when a pure liquid or an electrolyte solution spray is charged and moves through an electric field. The solution of the equations in the case of electrolyte solutions gives the droplet size evolution down to the “equilibrium radius” when the relative humidity is high and down to the saline kernel when the humidity is lower. This solution also gives the dynamic behaviour in an electric field when the droplets are charged and are moving in a gas stream. A non dimensional curve is obtained for a given humidity, molality and temperature, independently of the electric field. With this curve it is possible to predict the droplet evolution only knowing a “middle time” of evaporation, calculated for a given electric force and a given initial radius.

Irradiation Performance of Fort St. Vrain High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Fuel in Capsule F-30

Representative production fuel fabricated for the Fort St. Vrain (FSV) high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) was tested in capsule F-30. The irradiation conditions experienced by the fuel encompassed the FSV service conditions designed for a 6-yr fuel cycle. Fuel specimens were irradiated at temperatures ranging from 825 to 1250/sup 0/C (1098 to 1523 K) and to a peak fast-neutron exposure of 9.4 x 10/sup 25/ n/m/sup 2/ (E greater than 29 fJ)/sub HTGR/, which is 18 percent beyond the design FSV peak fast-neutron exposure. In-pile fission gas release measurements and postirradiation examination indicated good irradiation stability of the fuel specimens. The 13 bonded fuel rods were intact, and their irradiation-induced dimensional changes were in good agreement with dimensional change curves used in the FSV core design. Total fuel particle failure fractions determined by visual examination, metallography, and fission gas release measurements were consistent with the criterion of less than 1 percent failure at peak exposure conditions assumed in FSV design and licensing evaluations. Fuel performance in the FSV reactor was evaluated using the capsule F-30 irradiation results. The good irradiation behavior of production fuel in this test gives a high degree of confidence in the performance of the FSV core throughoutmore » its lifetime and demonstrates the conservative nature of the FSV fuel particle design.« less

IN THE STRUCTURE OF EXCEPTIONAL SETS OF ENTIRE CURVES

Let be a -dimensional entire curve, , and its sets of deficient values and set of positive deviations. This paper is devoted to an investigation of the structure of , and without any supplementary assumption that the vectors belong to a fixed admissible system. The main result shows that these sets are exceptional in a certain sense. Bibliography: 12 titles.

The Other Rotamer of Formic Acid, cis-HCOOH1

Abstract The rotational spectrum of the planar cis rotamer of formic acid, cis-HCOOH, has been detected for the first time. Twenty transitions belonging to the qRK, qQ1, qQ2 , rP0 , rP1, rP2 branches of the parent isotopic species in its ground state have been assigned and measured. The rotational constants and quartic centrifugal distortion constants have been determined using Watson's reduced Hamiltonian. Stark effect measurements have yielded the molecular electric dipole moment: μa= 2.65(1) D, μb = 2.71(1) D and , μ= 3.79(1) D. The energy difference between the ground vibrational states of cis-and trans-HCOOH has been determined by microwave relative intensity measurements. The cis rotamer is found to lie at higher energy than the trans rotamer by 1365 ± 30 cm-1 . A one dimensional potential energy curve has been calculated for the OH torsional vibration of formic acid.

THE GROWTH OF INTEGRAL CURVES OF FINITE LOWER ORDER

The paper is concerned with the study of the deviations of integral curves of finite lower order.The basic result is that if a -dimensional integral curve has finite lower order , then its deviations with respect to an arbitrary fixed admissible system of vectors satisfy where is an absolute constant.This estimate is an analogue of the classical relation for the defects of integral curves.Bibliography: 31 titles.

One dimensional consolidation curves of a medium sand : Cornforth, DM Shannon and Wilson, Oregon, USA Technical note. 4F, 1T, 6R. Geotechnique, V24, N4, Dec. 1974, P678–683

One dimensional consolidation curves of a medium sand : Cornforth, DM Shannon and Wilson, Oregon, USA Technical note. 4F, 1T, 6R. Geotechnique, V24, N4, Dec. 1974, P678–683

One-dimensional consolidation curves of a medium sand

The note sets out a method for the reliable measurement of sand compressibility. The sand is consolidated under ko condition in a triaxial apparatus. A specimen of 100 mm diameter is used. This overcomes significant errors of measurement associated with apparatus compression and specimen preparation in the standard oedometer test. One dimensional consolidation curves are obtained for brasted sand at various densities from a series of triaxial extension tests by applying exceptionally high consolidation stresses to the specimen. It is concluded that since the gradation of brasted sand is fairly typical of a new sand, the curves can be used as a first estimate of the probable consolidation properties of similar sand deposits. /TRRL/

Transition region capacitance of diffused p-n junctions

The classical capacitance-voltage relations based on abrupt space-charge edge approximations, while adequate at large reverse bias, do not adequately describe the capacitance near zero bias. This paper presents explicit capacitance-voltage relations valid near zero bias for linearly graded and exponential-constant profiles. For linearly graded junctions, the intercept in a 1/C3versus plot is shown to be well approximated by the gradient voltage defined by V g = 2/3 kT/q ln a2ekT/q/8qn i 3. Also presented is an accurate numerical technique for machine computation of the transition region capacitance for any doping profile. Explicit relations obtained by dimensional considerations and curve fitting on numerical solutions are free of singularities, hence useful in computer-aided device design and doping profile determination.