Body Dimensions Research Articles

Feasibility and Clinical Implementation of Electron FLASH Radiation Therapy in the Yorkshire Swine Model

Preclinical studies have shown FLASH radiation therapy (RT) increases the therapeutic index through reduction in normal tissue toxicity but with retained tumor control compared to conventional dose rate (CONV) RT. Dosimetry in FLASH beams is challenging and complex as beam monitoring and proper dosimetry analysis remain uncertain and under investigation. Despite these limitations, clinical translation of FLASH RT has already begun. For translation of FLASH RT from the preclinical stage, it is critical that robust clinical workflows and dosimetry methods be confidently established to ensure patient safety. Here, we present the clinical workflow for the Yorkshire pig, an animal that resembles the body dimension, weight, and biology of a human patient, with the goal to establish standard operating procedures to ensure a safe and robust clinical translation in our upcoming phase I study in cutaneous tumors. The study determines feasibility and safety while finding incidence of dose-limiting toxicities and maximum tolerable dose for future Phase II trials. All procedures were approved by the institutional animal care and use committee. 6 pigs (40-50 kg) were placed under general anesthesia and underwent CT imaging for radiation therapy simulation purposes. The skin was first shaven, and targets on the dorsolateral flanks were marked with tattoos and BBs for CT visualization. Vacloc immobilization was used to allow for reproducible setup on the treatment couch. A treatment planning model was established for treatment planning and dose evaluation purposes. CONV and FLASH single and fractionated dose regimens were prescribed to the 90% isodose line in a 9 MeV beam. Skin collimation and bolus minimized beam penumbra and increased skin dose. Treatment time and pulse repetition frequency were constant between all FLASH fields. Prescription levels were varied via dose per pulse. Calibration and verification of these settings were performed utilizing a multi-dosimeter method for verification in solid water. Output of the beam was verified on the day of the treatment using beam current transformers. This same multi-dosimeter method was used as in-vivo dosimetry on treatment day and compared to the dose verification ensure full dose was received. Variation between the three dosimeter methods was found to be within 5% among all pigs within the study. The maximum percent difference between dose verification and dose delivery was 6%. Consideration must be taken in dosimeter readout error due to the surface of the pig skin. FLASH and CONV toxicity results are currently under evaluation and will be published upon completion of the study. Establishing guidelines and protocols for electron FLASH clinical translation is important to instill confidence in patient safety with this new technique. This study has further optimized and developed dosimetry tools and setup to be used in future clinical trials.

“to stop the earthquake”: Palestine and the Settler Colonial Logic of Fragmentation

AbstractFragmentation is a key colonial strategy to which Palestinians enact resistance, evident most prominently in the 2021 Unity Intifada. In this article, I take inspiration from such Palestinian resistance to theorise fragmentation as a central logic of Zionist/Israeli settler colonialism. I make three related points. First, I employ the metaphor of the earthquake to consider the fractality of settler colonial fragmentation across the dimensions of land, time, and bodies. Second, understanding the settler colonial logic of elimination as ultimately attempting to extinguish a Palestinian Indigenous sovereignty, I argue that the logic of fragmentation drives towards elimination. Finally, I demonstrate that, in fragmenting Palestine, Zionism seeks to render Israel a coherent entity. Ultimately then, the Zionist project works to fragment Palestine to eliminate Palestinian bodies from land and time, to render Israel a seamless nation across these dimensions. However, Palestinian Indigenous sovereignty is not something that can be broken or extinguished.

Anatomical and visual outcomes after vitreoretinal surgery in paediatric retinal detachment

Paediatric vitreoretinal surgery (PVRS) has unique set of challenges compared to surgery in adult eyes. An understanding of ocular growth and development is an important consideration in PVRS. Changes in ciliary body dimensions with age may affect how sclerotomies are placed, so as to avoid iatrogenic damage to the peripheral retina.To study the visual and anatomical outcomes after vitreoretinal surgery in paediatric age group after retinal detachment. In this prospective interventional study, 20 consecutive patients aged 18 years or younger undergoing vitreoretinal surgery for retinal detachment were included. A detailed ocular and systemic history was recorded from all patients. Pre and postoperative data were collected. All the evaluated eyes were followed up to 3 months. Outcome of surgery was measured in terms of improvement in visual acuity and retinal status.Twenty eyes of 20 patients were evaluated with male predominance (75%) and mean age of the patient was 16.4±2.01. Most common etiology was found to be trauma (65%) followed by myopia (30%). Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) was done in 50% patients, lensectomy with vitrectomy was done in 15%, scleral buckle (SB) surgery was done in 25% cases, where as PPV-SB was done in 10% cases. Improvement in visual acuity was noted in 85% cases. Primary anatomical success was achieved in 80% cases. PPV was the major surgical procedure in our study due to complexity of RD. Postoperative visual rehabilitation was also done to fight amblyopia as far as possible.

Developing a Generalized Regression Forecasting Network for the Prediction of Human Body Dimensions

With the increasing demand for intelligent custom clothing, the development of highly accurate human body dimension prediction tools using artificial neural network technology has become essential to ensuring high-quality, fashionable, and personalized clothing. Although support vector regression (SVR) networks have demonstrated state-of-the-art (SOTA) performances, they still fall short on prediction accuracy and computation efficiency. We propose a novel generalized regression forecasting network (GRFN) that incorporates kernel ridge regression (KRR) within a multi-strategy multi-subswarm particle swarm optimizer (MMPSO)-SVR nonlinear regression model that applies a residual correction prediction mechanism to enhance prediction accuracy for body dimensions. Importantly, the predictions are generated using only a few basic body size parameters from small-batch samples. The KRR regression model is employed for preliminary residual sequence prediction, and the MMPSO component optimizes the SVR parameters to ensure superior correction of nonlinear relations and noise data, thereby yielding more accurate residual correction value predictions. The GRFN hybrid model is superior to SOTA SVR models and increases the root mean square performance by 91.73–97.12% with a remarkably low mean square error of 0.0054 ± 0.07. This outstanding advancement sets the stage for marketable intelligent apparel design tools for the fast fashion industry.

Solar Corn Sheller Machine Design Based on Ergonomics Principles

The existing sheller machine on the market still uses diesel fuel and electricity, even though diesel fuel has increased. Solar is a non-renewable energy. In addition, there is a new modification of the corn sheller machine with solar power to replace diesel fuel. The fuel replacement is focused on the utilization of sunlight. This corn sheller machine can replace the use of fossil raw materials and electricity with solar power and obtain faster, more ergonomic product results. The data required in this study are body dimension data or shoulder height anthropometry in an upright standing position to determine the height of the corn sheller that will be done standing when the farmer does the corn shelling process. With the existence of a solar-powered corn sheller machine, it is expected to be more productive than before. The transition to the use of environmentally friendly (pollution-free) corn sheller machines so as to reduce air pollution that previously used motor engines with fossil fuels, namely diesel, corn farmers can understand about work comfort, are able to operate environmentally friendly corn sheller machines and can carry out maintenance procedures for solar corn sheller machines.

USULAN PERBAIKAN SISTEM KERJA PADA DEPARTEMEN CNC DI PT OPTIMECH ENGINEERING PRODUCT AND SERVICES

Competition between companies in the manufacture of increasingly strict industrial products, pt optimech engineering is still facing obstacles such as production time that does not meet the target.This restriction occurs due to the frequent occurrence of products that do not conform to the specifications because the equipment used for production has a low capacity and does not correspond to the quantity of production performed.The purpose of this research is to identify and provide proposals for repair of the work system so that it can eliminate waste found in the cnc department and know the changes that occur in the proposal for repair of the production process.Based on the waste assessment model (WAM), The defect is a percentage of 24.01%, and the waste defect also significantly affects the occurrence of other waste.From the results of the fishbone diagram summarized a number of possibilities which are considered to be the root of the problem, It is a basis for repair recommendations. Work system improvements can be done by accurately predicting and planning production in order to avoid overinventory and could harm the company, supplying employees with more insight into the work and handling of products, and do control for materials before being sent to the next process do the supply of machines according to the production capacity and complexity of products and machine repairs periodically, use or do machine purchases according to the body dimension the labor is owned and does things that can motivate employees to be able to work well.

Modeling using discriminant analysis of the possibility of occurrence and features of the course of various forms of urticaria in ukrainian women depending on the features of anthropo-somatotypological indicators

Annotation. Predicting the risk of occurrence and course of any disease is the most important and central topic of any branch of clinical medicine. This especially applies to chronic and recurrent diseases that lead to deterioration of the bone of life. One of these diseases is urticaria. The use of anthropometric indicators to achieve this goal is an economically, pathogenetically and logically justified choice. The purpose of the study is to build and analyze discriminative models of the possibility of occurrence and features of the course of urticaria in Ukrainian women depending on anthropometric and somatotypological indicators. On the basis of the Military Medical Clinical Center of the Central Region and the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases with a postgraduate course at the National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, a clinical-laboratory and anthropo-somatotypological examination of 40 young Ukrainian women with acute and chronic urticaria of the mild and severe course As a control group, the indicators of body structure and dimensions of 101 practically healthy Ukrainian women of a similar age group were used, which were taken from the data bank of the research center of the National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya. With the help of the license package “Statistica 6.0”, discriminant models of the possibility of occurrence and characteristics of the course of urticaria in Ukrainian women were built, depending on anthropometric and somatotypological indicators. In Ukrainian women, based on the characteristics of anthropo-somatotypological indicators, reliable discriminative models were built, which allow with a high probability to classify them as “typical” for practically healthy or patients with urticaria, as well as “typical” for mild or severe acute urticaria course (correspondingly correct in 89.4 % of cases, Wilks' Lambda statistic=0.080, p<0.001). When taking into account the structure and body size indicators among women with urticaria, a reliable interpretation of the obtained classification indicators is possible only between a mild and severe course of the disease (correspondingly, the correctness of 52.5 % of cases, Wilks' Lambda statistic=0.465, p<0.001).

Peculiarities of correlations between spirometric and anthropometric indicators in practically healthy young women of mesomorphic somatotype

The issue of studying the relationships between indicators of the external structure of the body and spirographic parameters in persons of a certain sex, age, ethno-territorial zoning remains relevant, especially from the point of view of the need to determine the reference values of indicators of external breathing. The purpose of the study was to determine the peculiarities of the relationship between spirographic parameters and indicators of the external structure of the body in practically healthy young women of the mesomorphic constitutional type of the Podilia region of Ukraine. We conducted a complex clinical and laboratory study of young women aged 16 to 20 years, which corresponds to the youthful period of ontogenesis. 109 practically healthy young women were selected, in whom no deviations in the state of health were detected according to the results of radiography, echocardiography, tetrapolar rheovasography and rheoencephalography, sonographic examination of parenchymal organs of the abdominal cavity and thyroid gland, general and biochemical blood analysis. For this group of subjects, we performed a spirographic examination using the Medgraphics Pulmonary Function System 1070 series according to the methodology of the American Pulmonology Association and the European Respiratory Society (2019). The anthropometric study was carried out according to the method of V. V. Bunak (1941), the somatotypological study – according to the calculated modification of the Heath-Carter method (1990). The assessment of the component composition of body weight was carried out according to Matiegka method (1921). After somatotyping, it was found that 32 young women had a mesomorphic type of constitution, for which Spearman’s correlation analysis was conducted in the licensed software package “Statistica 5.5”. It was established that the majority of spirographic indicators in practically healthy young women of the mesomorphic somatotype had isolated statistically significant correlations with anthropo-somatotypological parameters, with the exception of parameters that reflect lung capacities. Vital capacity at rest, had the largest number and strength of correlations, was significantly associated with the value of 24 anthropo-somatotypological indicators. Total, longitudinal and girth body dimensions, the ectomorphic component of the somatotype, muscle, bone and fat mass of the body were most often correlated with the capacity indicators of external respiration. All speed spirographic indicators and maximum peak expiratory flow were correlated with the skinfold thickness. The study of correlations is the basis of further mathematical modeling to determine the appropriate spirographic indicators in an individual representative of the female sex of the juvenile age of the mesomorphic somatotype.

OSLOBOĐENO EVINO TIJELO U ROMANIMA BISERE ALIKADIĆ: LARVA I KRUG

This work of Bisera Alikadić, the first author of the novel that tackles taboo topic of body and corporeity, scrutinizes dimension of body and corporeity. Novels Larva [The Larva] (1974) and Krug [The Circle] (1983) introduce intriguing and specific theme of liberation of woman’s body and censorship on sexuality into Muslim (now it is Bosniak) literature, as early as seventies of 20. century. Owing to this type of writing, B. Alikadić was met with a negative reception and was criticized in terms of mainstream national literature. Namely, her position of female author is defined by shifting between Islamic and masculine, as well as family and cultural authority on one hand; and the tendency to achieve woman’s right to literature-creative work and independent writing, on the other. Her novel Larva published in a specific cultural and historic moment (just a year after Erica Yong’s Fear of flying) was found to be erotic, vulgar, scandalous in a bare representation of sexuality and woman’s body, therefore damaging. In the context of internal social (patriarchal) limitations and bounds of national literature in which the work and the author occur, resistance of the community and the act of marginalization of the author is evident. Such attitude is based on public rage or more precisely, on rigid and a self-righteous stance of the Islamic Community (the case and the incident appeared in Preporod), negative and outward critic of the fathers of national literature (historians and critics). In latter field, the novel Larva was brought into disrepute by literary critics, agreeing mainly in (wrong) assessment that the literary work was viewed in a manner merely simplistic- through shameful exaggeration of sexuality and identifying the voice of main character Eva as autobiographical, labeling the work as vain and mediocre at best, erotic and romantic, and finally by means of satanizing the author, with accusation that she contributes to bad moral status of the society.

Accuracy of estimating self and other body size among adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze body size estimates of others by patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and to identify any differences with the perception of their own body size. Adolescent females (age, 13–17 years) were enrolled into AN (n = 30) and control(n = 23) groups. The Subjective Body Dimensions Apparatus (SBDA) was used to evaluate body size estimates for oneself (self-estimation) and others (other-estimation). Participants also completed questionnaires assessing eating disorders and depressive symptoms. The AN and control groups scored significantly higher in self-estimation than in other-estimation. However, the AN group showed higher self-estimation scores than the control group for all the body parts and for the global silhouette (p < .001). Patients with more severe eating disorder symptomatology showed more distorted self-estimation (p < .05). No statistically significant differences were found in the other-estimation scores between the groups (p = .714), indicating that AN and control patients estimate the body sizes of others similarly. Eating disorder symptomatology correlates with self-estimation scores but not with other-estimation scores in adolescents with AN. No correlations existed between clinical symptomatology and other-estimation.

基于立体视觉的猪只体尺测量系统研究

Body size of pigs is an important evaluation indicator in pig breeding. The traditional method of body size measurement is usually in manual way, which requires more employees and causes stress reactions of pigs. In response to the shortcomings of the traditional methods, this paper designed a system for measuring the body size of pigs based on stereo vision. The point cloud of both the calibration object and the pig was collected using dual KinectV2 cameras. Pre-processing was conducted using filtering and random sample consensus to remove background noise from the point clouds. As there was limited overlap between the two sides of the point clouds, the rotation matrix obtained from registering the calibration object was applied to the pig point clouds. Curve fitting and slicing were then utilized to measure the pig's body dimensions, including length, width, height, and abdominal circumference. The results of the study indicated that the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was 2.13% for body length, 1.02% for body width, 1.05% for body height, and 2.21% for abdominal girth. These results demonstrate the high accuracy and practical production value of the system.

Garment sizing system development for Amhara policemen uniforms using data mining techniques

Purpose Sizing system is a fundamental topic in garment fitting. The purpose of this study was to assess the fit of existing police uniforms (shirt, jacket, overcoat and trousers) and develop a sizing system for upper and lower body uniforms of Amhara policemen in Ethiopia. Design/methodology/approach In total, 35 body dimensions of 889 policemen were taken through a manual anthropometric survey following the procedures in ISO 8559:1989 after each subject was interviewed on issues related to garment fit. The anthropometric data were pre-processed, key body dimensions were identified by principal components analysis and body types were clustered by the agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm and verified by the XGBoost classifier in a Python programming environment. The developed size charts were validated statistically using aggregate loss and accommodation rate. Findings About 44% of the subjects encountered fit problems every time they own new readymade uniforms. Lengths and side seams of shirts, and lengths and waist girths of trousers are the most frequently altered garment sites. Analysis of the anthropometric measurements resulted in 13 and 15 sizes for the upper and lower bodies, respectively. Moreover, the comparison of the developed upper garment size chart with the existing size chart for a shirt showed a considerable difference. This indicates that inappropriate size charts create fit problems. Originality/value The study considers the analysis of fit problems and sizing system development in a less researched country. Moreover, the proposed data mining procedure and its application for size chart development is unique and workable.

Postmortem Computed Tomography Is a Reliable, Reproducible, and Accurate Method in Measuring Body Length.

Currently, traditional body length measurement at postmortem analysis involves processes, which are susceptible to human error and not reviewable or reproducible in case of data loss. Many facilities are now adopting routine postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) scanning, which provides a permanent and reviewable radiological record of body dimensions. Previous literature has validated the use of PMCT in estimating body and organ weights, but not in body length measurement. This retrospective study aimed to determine whether body length can be accurately and reliably measured when compared with traditional measurements in 50 consecutive adult cases. Our findings revealed that body length measured using PMCT had high intrarater and interrater reliability across different experience levels in raters (Pearson correlation coefficient and interclass correlation: >0.99, P < 0.01). Although body lengths measured using PMCT were significantly shorter (mean, -1.2 cm; 95% confidence interval, -1.75 to -0.65 cm; P < 0.05), it was deemed clinically insignificant and correlated well with those measured at postmortem examination (Pearson correlation coefficient and interclass correlation, >0.97; P < 0.01). While care will need to be taken to ensure the body in the body bag is in reasonable anatomical position for scanning purposes, overall, body length measured uniform PMCT is reliable, reproducible, and accurate.

Bloody, hairy, and hormonal: An intimate geopolitics of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is fundamentally a life-long, complex endocrine condition that affects the entire body but most commonly known for disrupting ovary function. Drawing on auto-ethnographic research that centres the bloody, hairy, and hormonal dimensions of my PCOS body, this paper engages with conceptual debates of territory and borders in political geography to articulate an intimate geopolitics of PCOS. The paper brings intimate geopolitics, critical menstrual studies, and auto-ethnography into dialogue with one another as all three areas of scholarship share similar commitments to centring the body and lived experiences. Building upon intimate geopolitics that posits the reproductive body as a site for state territorialisation and lived experiences, I explore how working with the body as a corporeal whole and its constitutive parts, including menstrual blood, the female reproductive system, and PCOS hormone levels, enables conceptions of territory as dynamic and constituted by the coalition of myriad actants. Following this, an attention to borders in this intimate geopolitics of PCOS is twofold. Firstly, I think with hair to consider the ways in which borders are socially constructed and felt on the PCOS body. Additionally, the body's epidermis demonstrates how borders are lively, dynamic spaces at the edges of territory. The paper concludes that an attention to the PCOS body through auto-ethnography facilitates innovative thinking about intimate geopolitics, while also calling for further disciplinary engagement with PCOS and the menstrual.

SEMG-based prediction of human forearm movements utilizing a biomechanical model based on individual anatomical/ physiological measures and a reduced set of optimization parameters.

For assistive devices such as active orthoses, exoskeletons or other close-to-body robotic-systems, the immediate prediction of biological limb movements based on biosignals in the respective control system can be used to enable intuitive operation also by untrained users e.g. in healthcare, rehabilitation or industrial scenarios. Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals from the muscles that drive the limbs can be measured before the actual movement occurs and, hence, can be used as source for predicting limb movements. The aim of this work was to create a model that can be adapted to a new user or movement scenario with little measurement and computing effort. Therefore, a biomechanical model is presented that predicts limb movements of the human forearm based on easy to measure sEMG signals of the main muscles involved in forearm actuation (lateral and long head of triceps and short and long head of biceps). The model has 42 internal parameters of which 37 were attributed to 8 individually measured physiological measures (location of acromion at the shoulder, medial/lateral epicondyles as well as olecranon at the elbow, and styloid processes of radius/ulna at the wrist; maximum muscle forces of biceps and triceps). The remaining 5 parameters are adapted to specific movement conditions in an optimization process. The model was tested in an experimental study with 31 subjects in which the prediction quality of the model was assessed. The quality of the movement prediction was evaluated by using the normalized mean absolute error (nMAE) for two arm postures (lower, upper), two load conditions (2 kg, 4 kg) and two movement velocities (slow, fast). For the resulting 8 experimental combinations the nMAE varied between nMAE = 0.16 and nMAE = 0.21 (lower numbers better). An additional quality score (QS) was introduced that allows direct comparison between different movements. This score ranged from QS = 0.25 to QS = 0.40 (higher numbers better) for the experimental combinations. The above formulated aim was achieved with good prediction quality by using only 8 individual measurements (easy to collect body dimensions) and the subsequent optimization of only 5 parameters. At the same time, just easily accessible sEMG measurement locations are used to enable simple integration, e.g. in exoskeletons. This biomechanical model does not compete with models that measure all sEMG signals of the muscle heads involved in order to achieve the highest possible prediction quality.

Making individualized men's basic body block patterns with a measuring garment incorporating stretchable capacitance sensors

PurposeTo make individualized men's basic upper garment patterns without sleeves, the authors developed a measuring garment that measures necessary body dimensions and angles all together. Additionally, the authors proposed a method for making individualized basic body block patterns using the obtained dimensions and angles.Design/methodology/approachThe authors decided on the locations of the dimensions of the body required for making the individualized garments. The authors then sewed multiple stretchable capacitance sensors to corresponding locations on a stretchable T-shirt. To obtain the dimensions with sensors of short length, the authors indirectly obtained each length from the relationship between the actual body length and the capacitance of the sensor. Beforehand, the authors obtained linear-approximation equations for the relationship between actual body dimensions and the capacitance of sensors for five participants and a dummy. The authors then used the measuring garment and the equations to obtain the body dimensions of another six participants. The authors compared the obtained and actual body dimensions to verify the equations. The authors made individualized upper-garment patterns without sleeves and garments for the 11 participants with the obtained dimensions and angles. The authors verified the proposed method in wearing tests comparing garments designed using the proposed method with conventionally designed garments.FindingsUsing the measuring garment, the authors obtained body dimensions close to actual body dimensions. A pattern of the individualized basic upper garment using the obtained dimensions and angles could be drawn. Compared with the conventional patterns, the individualized patterns had notable differences in the locations of the shoulder point and side neck point and directions of the shoulder line, which relate to the shoulder shape (i.e. square, sloping, forward, or backward). In wearing tests, all participants declared that the individualized garment better fitted their shoulders than the conventional garment without tightness around the shoulders, neck, and armpits. The proposed method with the developed measuring garment was thus found to be effective in designing individualized garments.Originality/valueThis paper presents the possibility of not only measuring body dimensions but also designing individualized basic upper garments using the proposed measuring garment. The proposed measuring garment will assist the efficient manufacture of individualized upper garments without a three-dimensional scanner or special skills.

Comparison of morphology characteristics of F1-hybrid and F2-backcross hybrid of local and Pekin ducks in Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the comparison of morphology characteristics of two groups (the F1 and F2 backcross of Local and Pekin ducks at 25 weeks of age) in South Sulawesi Indonesia. The research material used 14 ducks males and 10 ducks females of F1 and 7 ducks males and 14 ducks females of F2-backcross. The data were measured on live weight, shank length, bill length, bill width, wing length, chest circumference, neck length, drumstick length, and thigh length. All mean differences of quantitative data from those two groups were analyzed using Independent T-test. The results showed that the performance of body dimensions of the F1 and F2-backcross of male and female ducks were relatively equal in performance concerning live weight, shank length, bill length, and neck length, respectively. The highest and positive correlation exists between shank length with chest circumference and drumstick (r=0.78) of F1 backcross female duck, between live weight with shank length (r=0.72) of F2-backcross female duck, between shank length with chest circumference (r=0.59) of F1 male duck and between live weight with chest circumference (r=0.84) of F2-backcross male duck, respectively. All measured variables had a coefficient of variation on both generations were less than 15%, except the bill width of the F1 male duck (41.79%) and both sex of thigh length of the F1 duck (24.68% and 23.68%, respectively).

ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF THAI ELDERLY IN NORTHEASTERN RURAL AREA

Anthropometry takes part in making a difference in managing physical human needs including elderly needs in order to improve their quality of life. The objective of this study was to measure the body dimension of healthy Thai elderly living in rural areas and investigate the relationship among body dimensions. Questionnaire was given to the respondents in order to get their demographic data. Questionnaire and anthropometry measurements were taken on a total of 23 male elderly and 88 female elderly people from rural areas in Northeastern Thailand. Most respondents (49.5%) of the total elderly are in their 60s, 32.4% in their 70s, 17.2% in their 80s, and 1% in their 90s. 54.1% of them are still actively working and 96.4% of them are regularly doing body exercise in keeping their body fit and healthy. The body dimensions measured consist of 22 standing dimensions, 20 sitting dimensions, and 15 foot and hand dimensions. Positive correlations were found between some of the body dimensions. The developed anthropometric data is expected to overcome the information gap related to the dimensions of the body of the elderly and to assist the development of products and other supporting equipment to be anthropometrically compatible for elderly residents of rural areas in the future.

Body satisfaction and disordered eating among male collegiate athletes: From point-prevalence to prediction

Body satisfaction (BS) predicts lower levels of eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors (ED/DE) among female athletes, though recent research suggests similar effects for male athletes. However, research on male athletes' BS and ED/DE is limited, particularly in relation to times of transition, such as occurred in the months immediately following COVID-19 being recognized as a global pandemic. In this study, we surveyed 1975 male collegiate athletes in April/May 2020 to assess their body satisfaction and ED/DE symptomatology to determine prevalence and prediction between the two. First, we determined athletes' ED classification: 18.5 % (clinical) and 4.7 % (subclinical). Second, although 60 % to 70 % of the athletes reported satisfaction across five body dimensions, they were significantly more satisfied with their body muscularity and least with their leanness and thinness. Third, through hierarchical regression, athletes' body satisfaction significantly explained their ED/DE symptomatology, explaining 34 % of the variance. Of the five BS dimensions, satisfaction with body size/shape (β = −0.19), current weight (β = −0.22), and thinness (β = −0.25) were associated significantly with lower DE. Our results add to the limited research that has demonstrated that during times of transition, such as when athletes retire from sport or experience a global health pandemic, female and male athletes' report more body image concerns and DE symptoms. Further, our results indicate that satisfaction is perceived as multidimensional by male athletes, and that specific dimensions (e.g., weight, thinness) are more strongly associated with disturbances in eating.

Anthropometric characteristics of four groups of indigenous people of Wallacea in East Indonesia

The human body size varies significantly around the world, both between and within populations. Likewise, ethnic diversity has a significant effect on anthropometric data differences for the Naulu, Tana Ai, Bugis and Rampasasa tribes, in Wallacea, East Indonesia. Six body dimensions were collected from 484 people, 219 males and 265 females in the age from 18 to 80 years. The statistical analysis included tabulating the means and standard deviations for the various body dimensions and proportions. A one-way ANOVA with post hoc LSD test was performed to determine significant differences between the means of anthropometric dimensions and proportions, as well as within the four ethnic groups. There are significant differences (p&lt;0.01) among the four ethnic groups and two sexes in most measurements taken. The post-hoc LSD test indicated that the Naulu male has the largest body size compared to the Tana Ai, Bugis, and Rampasasa tribes. The Naulu have a large body size, a long trunk, broad shoulders, and long legs. Tana Ai and Bugis people have nearly identical characteristics, namely a medium body, long trunk, narrow shoulders and hips, whereas Rampasasa people have a small body size, with a long trunk, narrow shoulders and a wide pelvis. The Naulu and Bugis people have trapezoidal trunks, while the Tana Ai and Rampasasa people have rectangular trunks. In conclusion, the tribes in the Wallace area of East Indonesia have a wide variety of physical characteristics. Further research is needed to understand how changes in technology, development, transportation and large migration flows affect the demographic and physical characteristics of ethnic groups in Indonesia.