Dimensional Anti-de Sitter Space Research Articles

Massless and massive higher spins from anti-de Sitter space waveguide

Higgs mechanism to massive higher-spin gauge fields is an outstanding open problem. We investigate this issue in the context of Kaluza-Klein compactification. Starting from a free massless higher-spin field in $(d+2)$-dimensional anti-de Sitter space and compactifying over a finite angular wedge, we obtain an infinite tower of heavy, light and massless higher-spin fields in $(d+1)$-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. All massive higher-spin fields are described gauge invariantly in terms of St\"ueckelberg fields. The spectrum depends on the boundary conditions imposed at both ends of the wedges. We obseved that higher-derivative boundary condition is inevitable for spin greater than three. For some higher-derivative boundary conditions, equivalently, spectrum-dependent boundary conditions, we get a non-unitary representation of partially-massless higher-spin fields of varying depth. We present intuitive picture which higher-derivative boundary conditions yield non-unitary system in terms of boundary action. We argue that isotropic Lifshitz interfaces in $O(N)$ Heisenberg magnet or $O(N)$ Gross-Neveu model provides the holographic dual conformal field theory and propose experimental test of (inverse) Higgs mechanism for massive and partially massless higher-spin fields.

Characterizations of complete spacelike submanifolds in the $$\mathbf{(n+p)}$$ ( n + p ) -dimensional anti-de Sitter space of index $$\mathbf{q}$$ q

Our purpose in this paper is to study the geometry of n-dimensional complete spacelike submanifolds immersed in the $$(n+p)$$ -dimensional anti-de Sitter space $$\mathbb {H}^{n+p}_{q}$$ of index q, with $$1\le q\le p$$ . Under suitable constraints on the Ricci curvature and the second fundamental form, we show that a complete maximal spacelike submanifold of $$\mathbb {H}^{n+p}_{q}$$ must be totally geodesic. Furthermore, we establish sufficient conditions to guarantee that a complete spacelike submanifold with nonzero parallel mean curvature vector in $$\mathbb {H}^{n+p}_{p}$$ must be pseudo-umbilical, which means that its mean curvature vector is an umbilical direction.

Cohomogeneity one three dimensional anti-de Sitter space, proper and nonproper actions

In this paper we give a classification of closed and connected Lie groups, up to conjugacy in Iso(adS3), acting by cohomogeneity one on the three dimensional anti-de Sitter space adS3. Then we determine the causal character of the orbits and then the orbit spaces, up to homeomorphism, in both cases, proper and nonproper actions. When the action is proper, we show that there is no exceptional orbit and causal characters of the principal orbits are the same.

Triple points and phase diagrams in the extended phase space of charged Gauss-Bonnet black holes in AdS space

We study the triple points and phase diagrams in the extended phase space of the charged Gauss-Bonnet black holes in $d$-dimensional anti-de Sitter space, where the cosmological constant appears as a dynamical pressure of the system and its conjugate quantity is the thermodynamic volume of the black holes. Employing the equation of state $T=T(v, P)$, we demonstrate that the information of the phase transition and behavior of the Gibbs free energy are potential encoded in the $T-v$ ($T-r_{h}$) line with fixed pressure $P$. We get the phase diagrams for the charged Gauss-Bonnet black holes with different values of the charge $Q$ and dimension $d$. The result shows that the small/large black hole phase transitions appear for any $d$, which is reminiscent of the liquid/gas transition of a van der Waals type. Moreover, the interesting thermodynamic phenomena, i.e., the triple points and the small/intermediate/large black hole phase transitions are observed for $d=6$ and $Q\in(0.1705, 0.1946)$.

Exact radial solution in [formula omitted] gravity with a real scalar field

In this Letter we give some general considerations about circularly symmetric, static space–times in 2+1 dimensions, focusing first on the surprising (at the time) existence of the BTZ black hole solution. We show that BTZ black holes and Schwarzschild black holes in 3+1 dimensions originate from different definitions of a black hole. There are two by-products of this general discussion: (i) we give a new and simple derivation of (2+1)-dimensional Anti-de Sitter (AdS) space–time; (ii) we present an exact solution to (2+1)-dimensional gravity coupled to a self-interacting real scalar field. The spatial part of the metric of this solution is flat but the temporal part behaves asymptotically like AdS space–time. The scalar field has logarithmic behavior as one would expect for a massless scalar field in flat space–time. The solution can be compared to gravitating scalar field solutions in 3+1 dimensions but with certain oddities connected with the (2+1)-dimensional character of the space–time. The solution is unique to 2+1 dimensions; it does not carry over to 3+1 dimensions.

Multipoint correlators of conformal field theories: Implications for quantum critical transport

We compute three-point correlators between the stress-energy tensor and the conserved currents of conformal field theories (CFTs) in 2+1 dimensions. We first compute the correlators in the large-flavor-number expansion of conformal gauge theories and then perform the computation using holography. In the holographic approach, the correlators are computed from an effective action on (3+1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter space (${\mathrm{AdS}}_{4}$) and depend upon the coefficient $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ of a four-derivative term in the action. We find a precise match between the CFT and the holographic results, thus, fixing the values of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$. The CFTs of free fermions and bosons take the values $\ensuremath{\gamma}=1/12,\ensuremath{-}1/12$, respectively, and so saturate the bound $|\ensuremath{\gamma}|\ensuremath{\le}1/12$ obtained earlier from the holographic theory; the correlator of the conserved gauge flux of $U(1)$ gauge theories takes intermediate values of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$. The value of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ also controls the frequency dependence of the conductivity and other properties of quantum critical transport at nonzero temperatures. Our results for the values of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ lead to an appealing physical interpretation of particlelike or vortexlike transport near quantum phase transitions of interest in condensed-matter physics. This paper includes Appendices reviewing key features of the AdS-CFT correspondence for condensed-matter physicists.

Perturbations of moving membranes in AdS7

We study the stability of uniformly moving membrane-like objects in seven dimensional Anti-de Sitter space. This is approached by a linear perturbation analysis and a search for growing modes. We examine both analytic and numerical configurations previously found in [1].

The spin of holographic electrons at nonzero density and temperature

We study the Green's function of a gauge invariant fermionic operator in a strongly coupled field theory at nonzero temperature and density using a dual gravity description. The gravity model contains a charged black hole in four dimensional anti-de Sitter space and probe charged fermions. In particular, we consider the effects of the spin of these probe fermions on the properties of the Green's function. There exists a spin-orbit coupling between the spin of an electron and the electric field of a Reissner-Nordstrom black hole. On the field theory side, this coupling leads to a Rashba like dispersion relation. We also study the effects of spin on the damping term in the dispersion relation by considering how the spin affects the placement of the fermionic quasinormal modes in the complex frequency plane in a WKB limit. An appendix contains some exact solutions of the Dirac equation in terms of Heun polynomials.

AdS/QCD and Applications of Light-Front Holography

Light-front holography leads to a rigorous connection between hadronic amplitudes in a higher dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) space and frame-independent light-front wavefunctions of hadrons in (3 + 1)-dimensional physical space-time, thus providing a compelling physical interpretation of the AdS/CFT correspondence principle and AdS/QCD, a useful framework which describes the correspondence between theories in a modified AdS5 background and confining field theories in physical space-time. To a first semiclassical approximation, where quantum loops and quark masses are not included, this approach leads to a single-variable light-front Schrödinger equation which determines the eigenspectrum and the light-front wavefunctions of hadrons for general spin and orbital angular momentum. The coordinate z in AdS space is uniquely identified with a Lorentz-invariant coordinate ζ which measures the separation of the constituents within a hadron at equal light-front time. The internal structure of hadrons is explicitly introduced and the angular momentum of the constituents plays a key role. We give an overview of the light-front holographic approach to strongly coupled QCD. In particular, we study the photon-to-meson transition form factors (TFFs) FMγ(Q2) for γ* → M using light-front holographic methods. The results for the TFFs for the η and η′ mesons are also presented. Some novel features of QCD are discussed, including the consequences of confinement for quark and gluon condensates. A method for computing the hadronization of quark and gluon jets at the amplitude level is outlined.

Holographic horizons

We examine how the $(2+1)$-dimensional anti-de Sitter space is covered by the Fefferman-Graham system of coordinates for Minkowski, Rindler, and static de Sitter boundary metrics. We show that, in the last two cases, the coordinates do not cover the full anti-de Sitter space. On a constant-time slice, the line delimiting the excluded region has endpoints at the locations of the horizons of the boundary metric. Its length, after an appropriate regularization, reproduces the entropy of the dual conformal field theory on the boundary background. The horizon can be interpreted as the holographic image of the line segment delimiting the excluded region in the vicinity of the boundary.

Higher spin AdS3 supergravity and its dual CFT

Vasiliev's higher spin supergravity theory on three dimensional anti-de Sitter space is studied and, in particular, the partition function is computed at one loop level. The dual conformal field theory is proposed to be the N=(2,2) CP^N Kazama-Suzuki model in two dimensions. The proposal is based on symmetry considerations and comparison of the bulk partition function with the conformal field theory. Our findings suggest that the theory is strong-weak self-dual.

Light-Front Holography, Light-Front Wavefunctions, and Novel QCD Phenomena

Light-front holography is one of the most remarkable features of the AdS/CFT correspondence. In spite of its present limitations, it provides important physical insights into the non-perturbative regime of QCD and its transition to the perturbative domain. This novel framework allows hadronic amplitudes in a higher dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) space to be mapped to frame-independent light-front wavefunctions of hadrons in physical space–time. The model leads to an effective confining light-front QCD Hamiltonian and a single-variable light-front Schrödinger equation which determines the eigenspectrum and the light-front wavefunctions of hadrons for general spin and orbital angular momentum. The coordinate z in AdS space is uniquely identified with a Lorentz-invariant coordinate ζ which measures the separation of the constituents within a hadron at equal light-front time and determines the off-shell dynamics of the bound-state wavefunctions, and thus the fall-off as a function of the invariant mass of the constituents. The soft-wall holographic model modified by a positive-sign dilaton metric, leads to a remarkable one-parameter description of nonperturbative hadron dynamics—a semi-classical frame-independent first approximation to the spectra and light-front wavefunctions of meson and baryons. The model predicts a Regge spectrum of linear trajectories with the same slope in the leading orbital angular momentum L of hadrons and the radial quantum number n. The hadron eigensolutions projected on the free Fock basis provides the complete set of valence and non-valence light-front Fock state wavefunctions \({\Psi_{n/H}(x_i, {\mathbf{k}_{\perp{i}}}, \lambda_i)}\) which describe the hadron’s momentum and spin distributions needed to compute the direct measures of hadron structure at the quark and gluon level, such as elastic and transition form factors, distribution amplitudes, structure functions, generalized parton distributions and transverse momentum distributions. The effective confining potential also creates quark–antiquark pairs from the amplitude \({q \to {q}\bar{q}{q}}\) . Thus in holographic QCD higher Fock states can have any number of extra \({q{\bar{q}}}\) pairs. We discuss the relevance of higher Fock-states for describing the detailed structure of space and time-like form factors. The AdS/QCD model can be systematically improved by using its complete orthonormal solutions to diagonalize the full QCD light-front Hamiltonian or by applying the Lippmann–Schwinger method in order to systematically include the QCD interaction terms. A new perspective on quark and gluon condensates is also obtained.

Connecting the holographic and Wilsonian renormalization groups

Inspired by the AdS/CFT correspondence, we develop an explicit formal duality between the planar limit of a d-dimensional gauge theory and a classical field theory in a (d+1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. The key ingredient is the identification of fields in AdS with generalized Hubbard-Stratonovich transforms of single-trace couplings of the QFT. We show that the Wilsonian renormalization group flow of these transformed couplings matches the holographic (Hamilton-Jacobi) flow of bulk fields along the radial direction in AdS. This result allows one to outline an AdS/CFT dictionary that does not rely on string theory.

Holographic de Sitter universe

We propose to embed de Sitter space into five dimensional anti-de Sitter space to compute some physical quantities of interest, using the AdS/CFT correspondence. The static de Sitter can be considered as the conformal structure of the boundary of the hyperbolic AdS 5 with a horizon, thus energy as well as entropy can be computed. The global dS can be embedded into a half-global AdS 5, and the dS entropy can be regarded as entanglement entropy in this case. Finally, the inflationary dS can also be regarded as the boundary of AdS 5, and this can be extended to include general cosmology with a positive cosmological constant, however at the price of introducing a naked null singularity in the bulk unless the cosmology is pure de Sitter space.

Isolated vortex and vortex lattice in a holographicp-wave superconductor

Using the holographic gauge-gravity duality, we find a solution for an isolated vortex and a vortex lattice in a $2+1$-dimensional $p$-wave superconductor, which is described by the boundary theory dual to an $SU(2)$ gauge theory in $3+1$-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. Both ${p}_{x}+i{p}_{y}$ and ${p}_{x}\ensuremath{-}i{p}_{y}$ components of the superconducting order parameter, as well as the effects of a magnetic field on these components, are considered. The isolated vortex solution is studied, and it is found that the two order parameter components have different amplitudes due to the time-reversal symmetry breaking. The vortex lattice for large magnetic fields is also studied, where it is argued that only one order parameter component will be nonzero sufficiently close to the upper critical field. The upper critical field exhibits a characteristic upward curvature, reflecting the effects of field-induced correlations captured by the holographic theory. The free energy is calculated perturbatively in this region of the phase diagram, and it is shown that the triangular vortex lattice is the thermodynamically preferred solution.

Algebraic zero mean curvature hypersurfaces in de Sitter and anti de Sitter spaces

In this paper we provide a family of algebraic space-like surfaces in the three dimensional anti de Sitter space that shows that this Lorentzian manifold admits algebraic maximal examples of any order. Then, we classify all the space-like order two algebraic maximal hypersurfaces in the anti de Sitter N-dimensional space. Finally, we provide two families of examples of Lorentzian order two algebraic zero mean curvature hypersurfaces in the de Sitter space.

Hopfing and puffing warped anti-de Sitter space

Three dimensional spacelike warped anti-de Sitter space is studied in the context of Einstein theories of gravity and string theory, where there is no gravitational Chern-Simons term in the action. We propose that it is holographically dual to a two-dimensional conformal field theory with equal left and right moving central charges. Various checks of the central charges are offered, based on the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the stretched warped black holes and warped self-dual solutions. The proposed central charges are applied to compute the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the Hopf T-dual of six-dimensional dyonic black strings which have a near horizon consisting of three dimensional warped anti-de Sitter space times a three-sphere. We find that the Hopf T-duality is a map between thermal states with equal entropy of the CFTs dual to the dyonic black string and the Hopf T-dualized black string.

Dimensional degression inAdSd

We analyze the pattern of fields in (d+1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter space in terms of those in d-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. The procedure, which is neither dimensional reduction nor dimensional compactification, is called dimensional degression. The analysis is performed group theoretically for all totally symmetric bosonic and fermionic representations of the anti-de Sitter algebra. The field-theoretical analysis is done for a massive scalar field in AdS{sub d+d{sup '}} and massless spin-one-half, spin-one, and spin-two fields in AdS{sub d+1}. The mass spectra of the resulting towers of fields in AdS{sub d} are found. For the scalar field case, the obtained results extend to the shadow sector those obtained by Metsaev [Nucl. Phys. B, Proc. Suppl. 102, 100 (2001)] by a different method.

Pseudogap and time reversal breaking in a holographic superconductor

Classical SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in 3+1 dimensional anti-de Sitter space is known to provide a holographic dual to a 2+1 system that undergoes a superconducting phase transition. We study the electrical conductivity and spectral density of an isotropic superconducting phase. We show that the theory exhibits a pseudogap at low temperatures and a nonzero Hall conductivity. The Hall conductivity is possible because of spontaneous breaking of time reversal symmetry.

Causal properties of AdS-isometry groups I: causal actions and limit sets

We study the causality relation in the $3$-dimensional anti-de Sitter space AdS and its conformal boundary $\mbox{Ein}_2$. To any closed achronal subset $\Lambda$ in $\mbox{Ein}_2$ we associate the invisible domain $E(\Lambda)$ from $\Lambda$ in AdS. We show that if $\Gamma$ is a torsion-free discrete group of isometries of AdS preserving $\Lambda$ and is non-elementary (for example, not abelian) then the action of $\Gamma$ on $E(\Lambda)$ is free, properly discontinuous and strongly causal. If $\Lambda$ is a topological circle then the quotient space $M_\Lambda(\Gamma) = \Gamma\backslash{E}(\Lambda)$ is a maximal globally hyperbolic AdS-spacetime admitting a Cauchy surface $S$ such that the induced metric on $S$ is complete. In a forthcoming paper we study the case where $\Gamma$ is elementary and use the results of the present paper to define a large family of AdS-spacetimes including all the previously known examples of BTZ multi-black holes.