Dimensional Theory Research Articles

Renormalized Von Neumann entropy with application to entanglement in genuine infinite dimensional systems

A renormalized version of the von Neumann quantum entropy (which is finite and continuous in general, infinite dimensional case) which obeys several of the natural physical demands (as expected for a “good” measure of entanglement in the case of general quantum states describing bipartite and infinite-dimensional systems) is proposed. The renormalized quantum entropy is defined by the explicit use of the Fredholm determinants theory. To prove the main results on continuity and finiteness of the introduced renormalization, the fundamental Grothendick approach, which is based on the infinite dimensional Grassmann algebra theory, is applied. Several features of majorization theory are preserved under the introduced renormalization as it is proved in this paper. This fact allows to extend most of the known (mainly, in the context of two-partite, finite-dimensional quantum systems) results of the LOCC comparison theory to the case of genuine infinite-dimensional, two-partite quantum systems.

Cross-cultural Communication Skills in River Town

According to Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, the Sino-American cultural conflict depicted in American writer Peter Hessler's documentary book River Town focuses on four aspects: Individualism versus Collectivism, Power Distance, Long-term versus Short-term, Indulgence versus Restraint. Hessler experienced inevitable cultural conflicts in physical and mental aspects. Finally good things wear out. He fitted into Chinese life and fell in love with this Chinese town. Through the textual analysis of the cases in the book, the cultural conflicts between China and the United States and the intercultural communication skills used by the cross-boundary communicators can be clarified. Under the background of reform and opening up, Chinese society has undergone great changes, the stereotype of traditional China has been broken in River Town. Thus, it is very important to use intercultural communication skills in different places according to local conditions and times.

Assessment of inlet mixing during charge and discharge of a large-scale water pit heat storage

Pit thermal energy storage (PTES) is an efficient renewable energy storage technology widely used in large-scale solar district heating systems. Accurate modeling of mixing in a PTES due to inlet flow is key in calculating heat storage performance. However, the commonly used one-dimensional PTES models fail to consider inlet mixing due to the three-dimensional nature of the mixing flow. This research adopts a three-dimensional model to analyze the dynamic behavior of inlet mixing inside the PTES. The model is validated against measurements of the Dronninglund PTES. To quantify the inlet mixing impact, two performance indicators (i.e., the penetration height (Z) and the energy distribution ratio (ηj)) are proposed. The parametric analysis revealed that Z is more dependent on the Reynold (Re) number than the Froude (Fr) number, while both the Re and Fr numbers influence ηj. According to the dimensional theory, the penetration height Z shows a power-law relation with time. For the energy distribution ratio ηj, a power-law relation with time is seen, although an asymptotic formula is needed in the region of a negative buoyancy jet. Finally, the inflow mixing inside the PTES is characterized under various operating conditions by empirical correlations. The results of this study could be used to improve the current one-dimensional heat storage models in terms of inlet mixing.

Wald entropy in Kaluza-Klein black holes

We study the thermodynamics of the 4-dimensional electrically charged black-hole solutions of the simplest 5-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory using Wald’s formalism. We show how the electric work term present in the 4-dimensional first law of black-hole thermodynamics arises in the purely gravitational 5-dimensional framework. In particular, we find an interesting geometric interpretation of the 4-dimensional electrostatic potential similar to the angular velocity in rotating black holes. Furthermore, we show how the momentum map equation arises from demanding compatibility between the timelike Killing vector of the black-hole solution and the spatial Killing vector of the 5-dimensional background.

Celebrity Endorsement Strategy Uses and Popular Culture: ‘A Fidgety Coca-Cola’ Ad

The use of celebrity endorsement strategy in ads brings attributes like admiration, advertising appeals, favorable attitudes, famousness, memorability, popularity, attractiveness, likability, and sympathy. Furthermore, celebrity endorsement enables an increase in sales as well as market share. Popular culture, on the other hand, is a set of values and practices that are adapted by subcultures through globalization, media and consumption culture, which become widespread as a mechanism aiming to oppose the system while integrating with it. In this research ‘A Fidgety Coca-Cola’ advertisement, in which the global brand uses the celebrity endorsement strategy is analyzed using the descriptive content analysis method according to Hofstede’s Cultural Onion Model and Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory. The research aims to find out the uses of celebrity endorsement strategy as well as the role of celebrity endorsement strategy in producing hybrid popular codes. The celebrity endorsement strategy uses in the ad is for the means of producing popular culture codes like following trends, being trendy, bringing trendiness to the product as well as embracing celebrity culture and consumption culture. The celebrity endorsement strategy is used in the ad to internalize globalized American cultural value dimensions through proposing trendy self-images and symbolic consumption.

Affine characters at negative level and elliptic genera of non-critical strings

We study the elliptic genera of the non-critical strings of six dimensional superconformal field theories from the point of view of the strings’ worldsheet theory. We formulate a general ansatz for these in terms of characters of the affine Lie algebra associated to the 6d gauge group at negative level, and provide ample evidence for the validity of this ansatz for 6d theories obtained via F-theory compactification on elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau manifolds over a Hirzebruch base. We obtain novel closed form results for many elliptic genera in terms of our ansatz, and show that our results specialize consistently when moving along Higgsing trees.

LEADERSHIP AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: HOW CAN WE LEVERAGE CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN MATRIX ORGANIZATIONS

The purpose of the article is to show the influence of cultural values on the style of management in general and leadership in particular in organizations. For this, the very concept of cultura l differences, its interpretation in the scientific literature and the interpretation of its influence on management and leadership are investigated, as well as the importance of understanding environmental culture and differences in this area is emphasized. Considerable attention in the article is devoted to the study of the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory and its research on the example of Ukraine and Poland, their comparison and considerations regarding further changes in the results. The given study is about the effectiveness of the democratic style of management and leadership. A need for greater collaboration and coordination between leaders across different geographic regions and business units is investigated. Based on these findings, in article developed a “2+1” Model for matrix organizations that outlines a comprehensive approach to adapting leadership models to fit cultural differences and enhance leadership effectiveness.

The Analysis and Application of Installation Tolerances in Prefabricated Construction Based on the Dimensional Chain Theory

During the installation process of prefabricated components, deviations in dimensions and installation positions can occur due to construction quality issues, and the accumulation of these deviations can impact the reliability of component installation. However, the current approach to addressing accumulated deviations in the component installation process primarily relies on the trial-and-error method, lacking a solid theoretical foundation. This paper introduces the dimensional chain theory derived from mechanical engineering and presents a method to evaluate the installation reliability of prefabricated components in concrete structures. First, based on extensive measurements of installation deviations, it was found that the installation deviations of components followed a log-normal distribution. By analyzing the relationship between installation deviations and the acceptance rate, it was determined that for a 90% acceptance rate, the installation position deviation should be 8.6 mm for prefabricated wall panel components and 7.3 mm for prefabricated column components. Subsequently, the concept of dimensional chain theory from mechanical engineering was introduced to establish a limit state equation for quantifying the installation reliability of prefabricated components in concrete structures. By applying this theory, appropriate component fabrication dimensions could be determined to achieve a 95% level of installation reliability. Finally, by using the Monte Carlo method to solve the installation limit state equation for an actual engineering project, recommended fabrication dimensions for the components were obtained. The results indicate that within the horizontal axis, the length deviation of prefabricated beams, and the width fabrication dimension of columns needed to be reduced by 2.3 mm to 2.9 mm. Within the vertical axis, the length dimension of columns and the height dimension of beams had to be reduced by 0.9 mm to 2.2 mm to achieve a 95% level of installation reliability.

Ensemble averaging in JT gravity from entanglement in Matrix Quantum Mechanics

We consider the generalization of a matrix integral with arbitrary spectral curve ρ0(E) to a 0+1D theory of matrix quantum mechanics (MQM). Using recent techniques for 1D quantum systems at large-N, we formulate a hydrodynamical effective theory for the eigenvalues. The result is a simple 2D free boson BCFT on a curved background, describing the quantum fluctuations of the eigenvalues around ρ0(E), which is now the large-N limit of the quantum expectation value of the eigenvalue density operator hat{rho}(E) .The average over the ensemble of random matrices becomes a quantum expectation value. Equal-time density correlations reproduce the results (including non-perturbative corrections) of random matrix theory. This suggests an interpretation of JT gravity as dual to a one-time-point reduction of MQM.As an application, we compute the Rényi entropy associated to a bipartition of the eigenvalues. We match a previous result by Hartnoll and Mazenc for the c = 1 matrix model dual to two-dimensional string theory and extend it to arbitrary ρ0(E). The hydrodynamical theory provides a clear picture of the emergence of spacetime in two dimensional string theory. The entropy is naturally finite and displays a large amount of short range entanglement, proportional to the microcanonical entropy. We also compute the reduced density matrix for a subset of n < N eigenvalues.

Anomaly of $(2+1)$-dimensional symmetry-enriched topological order from $(3+1)$-dimensional topological quantum field theory

Symmetry acting on a (2+1)DD topological order can be anomalous in the sense that they possess an obstruction to being realized as a purely (2+1)DD on-site symmetry. In this paper, we develop a (3+1)DD topological quantum field theory to calculate the anomaly indicators of a (2+1)DD topological order with a general symmetry group GG, which may be discrete or continuous, Abelian or non-Abelian, contain anti-unitary elements or not, and permute anyons or not. These anomaly indicators are partition functions of the (3+1)DD topological quantum field theory on a specific manifold equipped with some GG-bundle, and they are expressed using the data characterizing the topological order and the symmetry actions. Our framework is applied to derive the anomaly indicators for various symmetry groups, including \mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_2ℤ2×ℤ2, \mathbb{Z}_2^T\times\mathbb{Z}_2^Tℤ2T×ℤ2T, SO(N)SO(N), O(N)^TO(N)T, SO(N)\times \mathbb{Z}_2^TSO(N)×ℤ2T, etc, where \mathbb{Z}_2ℤ2 and \mathbb{Z}_2^Tℤ2T denote a unitary and anti-unitary order-2 group, respectively, and O(N)^TO(N)T denotes a symmetry group O(N)O(N) such that elements in O(N)O(N) with determinant -1−1 are anti-unitary. In particular, we demonstrate that some anomaly of O(N)^TO(N)T and SO(N)\times \mathbb{Z}_2^TSO(N)×ℤ2T exhibit symmetry-enforced gaplessness, i.e., they cannot be realized by any symmetry-enriched topological order. As a byproduct, for SO(N)SO(N) symmetric topological orders, we derive their SO(N)SO(N) Hall conductance.

Probing the dark dimension with Auger data

By combining swampland conjectures with observational data, it was recently pointed out that our universe could stretch off in an asymptotic region of the string landscape of vacua. Within this framework, the cosmological hierarchy problem (i.e. the smallness of the cosmological constant in Planck units: Λ∼10−122MPl4) can be naturally resolved by the addition of one mesoscopic (dark) dimension of size ∼λΛ−1/4∼1μm. The Planck scale of the higher dimensional theory, MUV∼λ−1/3Λ1/12MPl2/3∼1010GeV, is tantalizingly close to the energy above which the Telescope Array (TA) and the Pierre Auger collaborations found conclusive evidence for a sharp cutoff of the flux of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). It was recently suggested that since physics becomes strongly coupled to gravity beyond MUV, universal features deep-rooted in the dark dimension could control the energy cutoff of the source spectra ∝E−γexp(−E/MUV), where E is the cosmic ray energy and γ a free parameter. Conversely, in the absence of phenomena inborn within the dark dimension, we would expect a high variance of the cosmic ray maximum energy Emax characterizing the source spectra ∝E−γexp(−E/Emax), reflecting the many different properties inherent to the most commonly assumed UHECR accelerators. The most recent analysis of Auger and TA data exposed strong evidence for a correlation between UHECRs and nearby starburst galaxies, with a global significance post-trial of 4.7σ. Since these galaxies are in our cosmic backyard, the flux attenuation factor due to cosmic ray interactions en route to Earth turns out to be negligible. This reasoning implies that for each source, the shape of the observed spectrum should roughly match the emission spectrum by the starburst, providing a unique testing ground for the dark dimension hypothesis. Using Auger data, we carry out a maximum likelihood analysis to characterize the shape of the UHECR emission from the galaxies dominating the anisotropy signal. We show that the observed spectra from these sources could be universal only if λ≲10−3.

Self-similar gravitational dynamics, singularities and criticality in 2D

We initiate a systematic study of continuously self-similar (CSS) gravitational dynamics in two dimensions, motivated by critical phenomena observed in higher dimensional gravitational theories. We consider CSS spacetimes admitting a homothetic Killing vector (HKV) field. For a general two-dimensional gravitational theory coupled to a dilaton field and Maxwell field, we find that the assumption of continuous self-similarity determines the form of the dilaton coupling to the curvature. Certain limits produce two important classes of models, one of which is closely related to two-dimensional target space string theory and the other being Liouville gravity. The gauge field is shown to produce a shift in the dilaton potential strength. We consider static black hole solutions and find spacetimes with uncommon asymptotic behaviour. We show the vacuum self-similar spacetimes to be special limits of the static solutions. We add matter fields consistent with self-similarity (including a certain model of semi-classical gravity) and write down the autonomous ordinary differential equations governing the gravitational dynamics. Based on the phenomenon of finite-time blow-up in ODEs, we argue that spacetime singularities are generic in our models. We present qualitatively diverse results from analytical and numerical investigations regarding matter field collapse and singularities. We find interesting hints of a Choptuik-like scaling law.

A Comparative Analysis of Values-Based Leadership Theories: A Review and Future Research Agenda

This paper systematically reviews the literature on values-based leadership (VBL) theories by analyzing 161 studies published in different peer-review journals from 2000 to 2022. The study first identified the literature on VBL and found that terms “values-oriented, values-centered, or value-based” leadership are used interchangeably as a roof term for various theories focusing on the moral, authentic, principled, and ethical dimension of leadership. The literature on leadership offers different types of leadership theories that constitute VBL, but we focused on six leadership theories that are widely cited as forms of VBL and have a strong theoretical background. This was followed by a comparative analysis to identify the key theoretical components of each theory and how it relates with the other forms of VBL theories. Our results from the comparative analysis revealed that transformational leadership is a broader theory and many of the key dimensions of the other five VBL theories overlap with the essential theoretical components of transformational leadership which obviously raises a question on their distinctiveness as separate theory. Based on our literature review we offered a more comprehensive conceptual framework that can bring clarity to the concept. Finally, we presented a conclusion and forwarded an agenda for future research.

Universal behavior of entanglement entropies in interface CFTs from general holographic spacetimes

In previous work universal behavior was conjectured for the behavior of the logarithmic terms in the entanglement entropy of intervals in 1+1 dimensional interface conformal field theories (ICFTs). These putative universal terms were exhibited both in free field theories as well as a large class of holographic models. In this work we demonstrate that this same behavior in fact is realized in any holographic ICFT, significantly strengthening the case for the conjecture.

What cultural values determine student self-efficacy? An empirical study for 42 countries and economies.

Self-efficacy is a vital personal characteristic for student success. However, the challenge of cross-cultural comparisons remains as scalar invariance is hard to be satisfied. Also, it is unclear how to contextually understand student self-efficacy in light of cultural values in different countries. This study implements a novel alignment optimization method to rank the latent means of student self-efficacy of 308,849 students in 11,574 schools across 42 countries and economies that participated in the 2018 Program in International Student Assessment. We then used classification and regression trees to classified countries with differential latent means of student self-efficacy into groups according to Hofstede's six cultural dimensions theory. The results of the alignment method recovered that Albania, Colombia, and Peru had students with the highest mean self-efficacy, while Slovak Republic, Moscow Region (RUS), and Lebanon had the lowest. Moreover, the CART analysis indicated a low student self-efficacy for countries presenting three features: (1) extremely high power distance; (2) restraint; and (3) collectivism. These findings theoretically highlighted the significance of cultural values in shaping student self-efficacy across countries and practically provided concrete suggestions to educators on which countries to emulate such that student self-efficacy could be promoted and informed educators in secondary education institutes on the international expansion of academic exchanges.

Modular Hamiltonian of the scalar in the semi infinite line: dimensional reduction for spherically symmetric regions

We focus our attention on the one dimensional scalar theories that result from dimensionally reducing the free scalar field theory in arbitrary d dimensions. As is well known, after integrating out the angular coordinates, the free scalar theory can be expressed as an infinite sum of theories living in the semi-infinite line, labeled by the angular modes left{ell, overrightarrow{m}right} . We show that their modular Hamiltonian in an interval attached to the origin is, in turn, the one obtained from the dimensional reduction of the modular Hamiltonian of the conformal parent theory in a sphere. Remarkably, this is a local expression in the energy density, as happens in the conformal case, although the resulting one-dimensional theories are clearly not conformal. We support this result by analyzing the symmetries of these theories, which turn out to be a portion of the original conformal group, and proving that the reduced modular Hamiltonian is in fact the operator generating the modular flow in the interval. By studying the spectrum of these modular Hamiltonians, we also provide an analytic expression for the associated entanglement entropy. Finally, extending the radial regularization scheme originally introduced by Srednicki, we sum over the angular modes to successfully recover the conformal anomaly in the entropy logarithmic coefficient in even dimensions, as well as the universal constant F term in d = 3.

Does national culture impact management control systems? A systematic literature review

AbstractThis paper reviews findings on how different dimensions of national culture influence management control systems (MCS). It is based on a comprehensive sample of 43 peer-reviewed journal articles that were identified in a systematic literature search. For the categorization of the results, we refer to Malmi and Brown’s (Manag Account Res;19:287–300, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mar.2008.09.003) frequently quoted framework. Our systematic literature review offers a detailed analysis of the sample’s bibliographical characteristics, including the chronological order of publications, journal metrics, article type, and country focus. Our results reveal that the research field is dominated by Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory and that the majority of the sample articles explicitly mention or confirm the influence of national culture on MCS. We demonstrate that the cultural influences on a wide range of different MCS practices, tools and methods are examined, and show that a holistic and comprehensive analysis of the interplay of national culture and the elements of the MCS is mostly missing. Moreover, diverging research designs and contextual factors, different understandings of national culture and especially the often too superficial classification of national culture complicates and inhibits the comparability of the different results. Findings show that the underlying motivations and effectiveness of MCSs differ across national cultures, suggesting that MCSs require adaptation to different national cultures.

Exploring the Discrepancy between Projected and Perceived Destination Images: A Cross-Cultural and Sustainable Analysis Using LDA Modeling

The projected image, created by destination marketing organizations, and the perceived image, formed by tourists’ perceptions, are crucial factors in destination selection. In this paper, machine learning models are used to construct projected image dimensions and perceptual dimensions for Chinese and English to analyze the similarities and differences between projected and perceptual images and their Chinese sustainability and cultural differences issues. We take Xiamen, a seaside tourist city in China, as an example, and analyze it by collecting 110,098 official promotional texts (both in Chinese and English) and tourist online review feedback as data sources using a latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model of natural language processing. The findings show that (1) the official projected image focuses on the overall image of the destination, while the tourists’ perceived image focuses on the specific image. (2) The official projected image covers the whole area of tourism, while the tourists’ perceived image focuses on Xiamen’s well-known attractions. The results of the above two points are the same for both the Chinese and English Topic models. (3) The official projected image focuses on three dimensions of destination: sustainability-economic, socio-cultural and environmental, while the tourist perception is more in the socio-cultural and environmental dimensions. (4) Both the projected and perceived images in Chinese and English differ in cross-cultural situations. The perceived images of Chinese and British tourists are influenced by their respective cultural backgrounds. Chinese tourists’ perceptions reflect cultural values associated with collectivism, long-term orientation, and uncertainty avoidance. On the other hand, British tourists’ perceptions align with cultural values of individualism, short-term orientation, and lower uncertainty avoidance. These differences can be explained using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory. The research in this paper can provide a reference for the promotion of tourism cities, and tourism destination organizations should not only focus on sustainable promotion, but also attract domestic and foreign tourists through differentiated promotion.

McKay quivers and decomposition

When a quantum field theory in d-spacetime dimensions possesses a global (d-1)-form symmetry, it can decompose into disjoint unions of other theories. This is reflected in the physical quantities of the theory and can be used to study properties of the constituent theories. In this note we highlight the equivalence between the decomposition of orbifold sigma -models and disconnected McKay quivers. Specifically, we show in numerous examples that each component of a McKay quiver can be given definitive geometric meaning through the decomposition formulae. In addition, we give a purely group and representation theoretic derivation of the quivers for the cases where the trivially acting part of the orbifold group is central. As expected, the resulting quivers are compatible with the case of sigma -models on ‘banded’ gerbes.

Agentic and communal self-evaluations: The role of dimensional comparisons

Dimensional Comparison Theory assumes that dimensional comparisons (internal comparisons between one's characteristics in two domains) not only take place in the academic domain but also in other areas of life when individuals form their domain-specific self-evaluations. Based on this theory, the present study examines hints on dimensional comparisons between the personality areas “agency” (competitiveness, assertiveness) and “communion” (empathy, agreeableness) longitudinally. The sample consisted of N = 507 high school students from 8th to 10th grade and their 30 corresponding teachers. Agency and communion showed relatively strong stability over time. Prior agency revealed negative effects on subsequent communion, indicating dimensional comparisons. Overall, our results support the assumption of contrastive within-person effects in accordance with Dimensional Comparison Theory.