Dimensions Of Physical Activity Research Articles

99. Gait analysis provides an objective measure of functional deficit not adequately assessed by Oswestry Disability Index

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Accurate assessment of pain and function are crucial to the effective management of patients with spinal disorders. The most frequently-utilized measure of function is the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), a self-report measure designed for low back pain patients, which assesses potential deficiencies in 10 different domains. The ODI has several limitations. Due to its subjective nature, ODI is inherently limited by factors such as recall error, social desirability, misinterpretation of terminology, and failure to quantify the totality of physical activity dimensions and contexts. Thus, the relationship between patients’ self-reported ODI scores and their actual functional limitations is likely quite suspect. Gait analysis is an alternative objective tool that can both provide a clearer picture of the impact of pain on patients’ functional ability and can allow for more accurate assessment of the effectiveness of spinal interventions. PURPOSE To investigate the relationship of self-reported function to objectively-measured gait pattern alterations in patients with spinal disorder. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING A prospective cohort study. PATIENT SAMPLE A total of 235 spinal disorder patients (85 adult degenerative scoliosis, 66 cervical spondylotic myelopathy, 64 spondylolisthesis, and 20 sacroiliac). OUTCOME MEASURES The main measures were ODI scores along with gait spatiotemporal parameters: cadence, walking speed, stride time, step time, opposite foot off, opposite foot contact, foot off, single support, double support, stride length, step length, and gait width. METHODS Patients completed the ODI questionnaire one week before their surgery. Each patient also performed a series of over-ground gait trials at a self-selected comfortable speed. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the self-reported function measures and the objective gait biomechanical data. RESULTS The ODI overall score was not correlated with any of the spatiotemporal variables (p>0.050). Detailed analysis shows correlation between the ODI walking question score to stride length (r=-0.132, p=0.048) and gait width (r=0.133, p=0.046). CONCLUSIONS For patients with spinal disorders, the ODI may not adequately reflect functional deficits due to its subjectivity. Function is objective and quantifiable, whereas pain in and of itself is subjective and unquantifiable. There was a minimal correlation between the ODI walking domain score and objective gait parameters. The multidimensional, complex, and subjective nature of pain makes it very challenging to assess both in terms of intensity and in terms of relief as a response to treatment. It is important for pain and function assessments to have scientifically valid tools in order to determine quality and intensity of pain and function, aid diagnosis, direct treatment, and evaluate effectiveness after discrete interventions. The data presented from this preoperative patient population validates that gait parameters provide an objectively accurate analysis of gait. Objective gait analysis could significantly affect surgical decision-making and allow for better understanding of the effects of spinal surgery on patients’ function, and, ultimately, quality of life. FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.

Association between Level of Empathy, Attitude towards Physical Education and Victimization in Adolescents: A Multi-Group Structural Equation Analysis.

Currently, there is a problem related to violence and tolerance towards violence, and the levels of empathy of the subjects can affect this, in addition to the practice of physical activity. The present study sought to define and contrast an explanatory model of victimization, empathy and attitude towards physical education, and to analyze the existing relationships between these variables as a function of engagement with physical activity. A total of 2388 adolescents from Spain participated in this research. The sample was made up of both sexes (43.39% males and 56.61% females), with ages reported between 11 and 17 years (M = 13.85; SD = 1.26). Empathy (TECA), attitude towards physical education (CAEF) and victimization (EV) were measured. A multi-group structural equation model was developed, which showed excellent fit to the empirical data (χ2 = 559.577; DF = 38; p < 0.001; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.957; normalized fit index (NFI) = 0.954; incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.957; root mean squared error of the mean (RMSEA) = 0.054). A direct positive relationship exists between affective and cognitive empathy. A positive association was found between motivational climate and engagement in physical activity. With regards to victimization, the verbal dimension obtained the highest correlation score, followed by the relational and physical dimensions. In the case of adolescents who regularly engaged in physical activity, the verbal and physical dimensions presented the weakest correlations, whilst the relational dimension was the most strongly associated in the case of sedentary adolescents. The main conclusions of the present study it is that the relationship between affective empathy and cognitive empathy is positive and direct, however, this relationship is slightly stronger and differentiated in sedentary adolescents than in those who practice physical activity on a regular basis.

\u201cOPTImAL\u201d: an ontology for patient adherence modeling in physical activity domain

BackgroundMaintaining physical fitness is a crucial component of the therapeutic process for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite the known importance of being physically active, patient adherence to exercise, both in daily life and during cardiac rehabilitation (CR), is low. Patient adherence is frequently composed of numerous determinants associated with different patient aspects (e.g., psychological, clinical, etc.). Understanding the influence of such determinants is a central component of developing personalized interventions to improve or maintain patient adherence. Medical research produced evidence regarding factors affecting patients’ adherence to physical activity regimen. However, the heterogeneity of the available data is a significant challenge for knowledge reusability. Ontologies constitute one of the methods applied for efficient knowledge sharing and reuse. In this paper, we are proposing an ontology called OPTImAL, focusing on CVD patient adherence to physical activity and exercise training.MethodsOPTImAL was developed following the Ontology Development 101 methodology and refined based on the NeOn framework. First, we defined the ontology specification (i.e., purpose, scope, target users, etc.). Then, we elicited domain knowledge based on the published studies. Further, the model was conceptualized, formalized and implemented, while the developed ontology was validated for its consistency. An independent cardiologist and three CR trainers evaluated the ontology for its appropriateness and usefulness.ResultsWe developed a formal model that includes 142 classes, ten object properties, and 371 individuals, that describes the relations of different factors of CVD patient profile to adherence and adherence quality, as well as the associated types and dimensions of physical activity and exercise. 2637 logical axioms were constructed to comprise the overall concepts that the ontology defines. The ontology was successfully validated for its consistency and preliminary evaluated for its appropriateness and usefulness in medical practice.ConclusionsOPTImAL describes relations of 320 factors originated from 60 multidimensional aspects (e.g., social, clinical, psychological, etc.) affecting CVD patient adherence to physical activity and exercise. The formal model is evidence-based and can serve as a knowledge tool in the practice of cardiac rehabilitation experts, supporting the process of activity regimen recommendation for better patient adherence.

HEALTHY LIFE BEHAVIOR IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH RISK OF PREECLAMPSIA IN THE PHC OF CIPARAY BANDUNG DISTRICT

Poor healthy living behaviors would increase the risk of pregnant women getting preeclampsia. Healthy living behavior prevents the occurrence of preeclampsia. This study aimed to analyze healthy behavior in pregnant women with a risk of preeclampsia in the work area of Ciparay Health Center, Bandung Regency. The research method used was quantitative descriptive. The population in this study were 36 pregnant women with a risk of preeclampsia who were selected using the total sampling technique. This study used a questionnaire instrument modified from HPLP II with a valid test of 0.494-0.864 and the value of Cronbach's alpha 0.950. This instrument had an average range of scores from 1-4 with a mean value of 3.11. Healthy living behavior was considered high if the average score was ≥ 3.11 and was considered low if the score was &lt;3.11. The study was conducted on 7-16 October 2018. The results of this study indicated that the healthy behavior of pregnant women with a risk of preeclampsia in the Ciparay Community Health Center work area was in the high category of 20 respondents (55.6%). Also obtained the lowest dimensions were interpersonal relationships, physical activity, and nutrition. The conclusion was pregnant women with the risk of preeclampsia have a poor healthy living behavior, especially in the dimensions of physical activity and nutrition. Therefore, a strategy or program is needed to improve the healthy behavior of pregnant women at the risk of preeclampsia.Keywords: healthy living behavior, pregnant women, the risk of preeclampsia.

Prioritizing health promotion lifestyle domains in students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences from the students and professors' perspective.

INTRODUCTION:An individual's lifestyle is closely related to the health so that a healthy lifestyle improves the purpose of this study was prioritizing health promotion lifestyle domains in students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences from the students and professors' perspective.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study was done in cross-sectional method. The statistical population of this study consisted of students in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2018. In addition, 10 faculty members in this university and five students were questioned in Delphi method from different educational groups. The questionnaire was used consisted of two parts. The first part included demographic characteristics, and the second part included the standard questions for Pender's health promotion model. The Delphi needs assessment method was also used to collect the information.RESULTS:The mean score of students' health-promoting behaviors was average (135.22 ± 19.35). The greatest score of health promotion behaviors was related to the spiritual growth scale (25.3 ± 5.4), and the lowest score was for physical activity (19.7 ± 05.1). The results of the Delphi method also suggested that both groups of faculty members and students believe that the dimensions of health accountability, physical activity, and prevention of high-risk behaviors in the students' lifestyle, need to be intervened.CONCLUSION:The results of the present study indicated that the students' lifestyle at Qazvin University of Medical Sciences was in average condition and low scores in the dimension of physical activity. Planned interventions should be made to promote health-promoting lifestyle among these students.

The Lifestyle of People in Relation to Cancer Prevention in Yazd City in 2014

Introduction: Cancer is one of the non-communicable diseases and a major cause of mortality in recent decades. Studies have shown that there is a relationship between lifestyle and cancer; therefore it is necessary to identify and modify the life style to prevent cancer. This study was conducted to determine the lifestyle of people in relation to cancer prevention in Yazd in 2014.&#x0D; Methods: This descriptive- cross sectional study was conducted on 500 people in Yazd through cluster sampling method. Data were collected by questionnaire in 7 dimensions and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-16, T-test, and ANOVA tests.&#x0D; Results: According to the results, the mean of all dimensions of lifestyle, except in exercise and physical activity dimension, was higher than the mean of possible range. The findings show that married people had a significantly higher score in nutrition habits and single people had in physical activity and exercise dimension. People with a BMI of less than 20 (underweight people) had worse status than others in terms of mental health, physical health and exercise and physical activity. Moreoevr, people had higher scores in physical activity and exercise dimension with higher level of education. Furthermore, students had significantly higher scores in physical activity and exercise dimension and unemployed people received the lowest score in this dimension. People who were homeowner had higher scores in mental health, physical health.&#x0D; Conclusion: Overall, people's lifestyle was relatively favorable in cancer prevention in various dimensions. Furthermore, planning to increase public awareness about risk factors of cancer and support of healthy lifestyle by focusing on a diet high in vegetables, fruit, fiber, dairy products, antioxidant, low amounts of meat, taking antioxidants, and appropriate physical activity should be used as a part of primary prevention.

Hábitos de alimentación, actividad física y horas de sueño en escolares: un estudio diagnóstico en Educación Primaria

El estudio que se presenta tiene una finalidad diagnóstica en relación a los hábitos de vida y alimentación de un grupo de escolares. Se persigue conocer los patrones alimentarios (desayuno y merienda escolar), actividad física y horas de sueño en dos aulas de tercero de Educación Primaria de un centro andaluz. El estudio utiliza una metodología de corte cuantitativo, a partir de un cuestionario administrado a 46 alumnos-as obteniéndose 410 respuestas a lo largo de dos semanas. Los resultados revelan que la práctica totalidad del alumnado ingiere algún alimento antes de acudir al centro escolar, si bien la composición nutricional del mismo es insuficiente. Aproximadamente siete de cada diez alumnos-as expresan la necesidad de ingerir alimento en el momento de responder al cuestionario, una hora antes del recreo. Analizando los ingredientes que componen la merienda escolar destacan los zumos y batidos envasados, bocadillos de embutidos y galletas. El análisis de la dimensión de actividad física revela un escenario en el que la muestra se divide equitativamente en función de sus hábitos, predominando no obstante actividades de corte sedentario. Mientras cinco de cada diez alumnos-as no realiza actividad física por las tardes, la mayoría dedica un tiempo considerable a ver la televisión. Finalmente, el análisis de las horas de sueño evidencia que el seis de cada diez alumnos-as duermen una media de 9,2 h., situándose así en el rango mínimo recomendado para esta edad. Una vez finalizado el diagnóstico se realizan propuestas de intervención en el marco del enfoque comunitario. The present study has a diagnostic purpose in relation to the eating habits and lifestyle of a group of schoolchildren, once symptoms of potential imbalances have been detected by the teaching staff. Eating patterns (breakfast and school afternoon snack), physical activity and rest levels are studied in two third-year Primary Education classrooms in an Andalusian school. The study uses a quantitative methodology, based on a questionnaire administered to 46 students, obtaining 410 responses over two weeks. The results reveal that almost all students eat some food before going to school, although its nutritional composition is limited. Approximately seven out of ten students reported they were hungry while answering the questionnaire, one hour before the school break. As for the ingredients that make up the school snack, they include packaged juices and smoothies, cold cut sandwiches and cookies, with a marginal presence of fruit. The analysis of the physical activity dimension reveals that sedentary activities predominate slightly. While five out of ten students do not do physical activity in the afternoons, the majority spend considerable time watching television. Finally, the analysis of sleep hours shows that six out of ten students sleep an average of 9.2 hours, just within the minimum recommended range. Finally, intervention proposals are made within the framework of the community-led approach.

The American Kinesiology Association Core Content for Kinesiology Programs: From Concept to Curriculum

The American Kinesiology Association identified the essential core content for undergraduate kinesiology-based academic programs. The core includes 4 content elements: physical activity in health, wellness, and quality of life; scientific foundations of physical activity; cultural, historical, and philosophical dimensions of physical activity; and the practice of physical activity. This article, expanding on the development of the core, describes the 4 elements in more detail, suggests methods for assessing student learning outcomes for the core content, and provides examples of the inclusion of the core in undergraduate curricula. Finally, a case study is presented that addresses how a department revised its kinesiology curriculum using the core elements to refocus its undergraduate degree program.

Impact of physical activity and sleep quality on quality of life of rural residents with and without a history of cancer: findings of the Day and Night Study.

BackgroundLifestyle behaviors may impact quality of life (QoL). The relative impact of physical activity and sleep quality on QoL of individuals with and without a history of cancer living in underserved rural communities requires further study to inform health care and public health initiatives.MethodsIndividuals with and without a history of cancer were recruited from rural Virginia. We collected information on physical activity level (PAL), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and QoL (Short Form-36). Additional dimensions of physical activity and sleep were measured including ambient light exposure and sleep duration via Actiwatch2, and serum vitamin D and urine melatonin, which are markers of outdoor activity and sleep.ResultsA total of 124 cancer survivors and 48 cancer-free individuals were enrolled in the study. Mean age was 59 years, with the majority being women (89%) and Caucasian (76%). Breast cancer was the most common cancer (72%), and mean time from diagnosis to the survey was 8.1 years. Survivors were significantly less active, more likely to be inactive, and had significantly worse sleep quality and physical and mental health relative to cancer-free individuals (P<0.05). Quality of sleep and average sleep time were associated with physical (r=−0.371, P<0.001; r=−0.327, P<0.000) and mental health (r=−0.442, P=<0.001; r=−0.265, P<0.004), as was PAL (r=0.181, P=0.019; r=0.288, P=0.003). Self-reported outdoor activity was associated with mental health (r=0.233, P=0.003) and vitamin D3 (r=0.193, P=0.015). No association was found between melatonin, sleep quality, and QoL. Sleep quality, cancer status, body mass index, and sleep time were predictive of physical health, while sleep quality, sleep time, and outdoor activity were predictive of mental health.ConclusionQuality of sleep is a significant predictor of mental and physical health, and important for cancer survivors who experience poorer QoL. Outdoor activity should be encouraged to improve mental health and vitamin D status, and interventions to improve sleep for those with poor sleep quality should be considered in cancer survivorship planning.

Health-Promoting Lifestyle: A Considerable Contributing Factor to Quality of Life in Patients With Hypertension.

Aim: Investigating the relationship between health promoting behaviors and quality of life in patients with hypertension. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, health-promoting behaviors and quality of life in patients with hypertension were assessed in a cardiology clinic of a university hospital in an urban area of Iran. The sample consisted of 93 patients with hypertension who were recruited using a convenience sampling method. Demographic data, Health Promoting Lifestyle Behaviors Profile (HPLP II) and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaires were used to gather data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Results: The mean score of health promoting behaviors was moderate (2.51 ± 0.47) with highest and lowest scores in nutritional (2.80 ± 0.52) and physical activity (1.78 ± 0.62) dimension, respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between health-promoting behaviors and quality of life. The relationship between health-promoting behaviors and quality of life had the highest power in psychological health dimension (β = 5.353, P < .001) and lowest power in the environmental dimension (β = 0.365, P < .001). Conclusion: Improving quality of life of patients requires paying attention to educational interventions for creating changes in the lifestyle to improve all aspects of quality of life.

The role of physical activity in the development of first cardiovascular disease event: a tree-structured survival analysis of the Danish ADDITION-PRO cohort

BackgroundAmbiguity exists in relation to the role of physical activity (PA) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction. We examined the interplay between PA dimensions and more conventional CVD risk factors to assess which PA dimensions were associated with the first CVD event and whether subgroup differences exist.MethodsA total of 1449 individuals [median age 65.8 (IQR: 61.2, 70.7) years] with low to high risk of type 2 diabetes and free from CVD from the Danish ADDITION-PRO study were included for survival analysis. PA was measured by individually calibrated heart rate and movement sensing for 7 consecutive days. The associations of different PA dimensions (PA energy expenditure, time spent in light-, moderate- and vigorous intensity PA), sedentary time and other conventional CVD risk factors with the first CVD event were examined by tree-structured survival analysis. Baseline information was linked to data on the first CVD event (ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, heart failure, atrial flutter/fibrillation and atherosclerotic disease) and mortality obtained from Danish registers.ResultsDuring a median follow-up time of 5.5 (IQR: 5.1–6.1) years, a total of 201 individuals (13.9%) developed CVD. Overall CVD incidence rate was 2.6/100 person-years. PA energy expenditure above 43 kJ/kg/day was associated with lower rates of CVD events among participants ≤ 70 years and with HbA1c ≤ 5.7% (39 mmol/mol), systolic blood pressure ≤ 156 mmHg and albumin creatinine ratio ≤ 70 (incidence rates 0.0–0.8/100 person-years).ConclusionsAny type of PA resulting in increased PA energy expenditure may over time be the best prevention strategy to uphold reduced risk of CVD.

Paternal commitment and its association with health-promoting behaviors

To identify the association of paternal commitment and health-promoting behaviors. Correlational and predictive study in 160 parents attended in two Family Health Centers, who responded to the scales of paternal involvement and lifestyles II, as well as biosociodemographic questions. On average, 78.1% of the fathers were highly committed. The variables that positively influence paternal commitment are health-promoting behaviors, and their participation in childbirth and routine checkups of their children. Age had a negative influence on paternal commitment. Higher correlations of paternal commitment were observed in the dimensions spiritual growth and interpersonal relationships, while it was lower in the physical activity dimension. Father's commitment was mostly evident in activities done together with their children such as feeding, dressing and playing. Fathers participate more actively in the upbringing of their children. Considering that they are implicitly health role models for children, there is a clear need to create and/or maintain strategies to encourage health-promoting behaviors in fathers by health professionals, since they favorably influence paternal commitment.

Estilos de vida saludable en adultos jóvenes damnificados por inundación

Al igual que otros desastres naturales, las inundaciones conllevan repercusiones negativas en las comunidades, resultando en el deterioro de la salud mental y física de las víctimas. A largo plazo, las secuelas en la salud mental suelen más persistentes, se manifiestan en un pobre autocuidado y otros aspectos relacionados a la pobreza. Con el propósito de realizar un acercamiento a una población profundamente afectada por una inundación, se propone la caracterización de sus estilos de vida. Como concepto, estos se constituyen como estrategias para el mantenimiento y potenciación de la salud. Implican un abordaje multidimensional que dé cuenta de la complejidad del ser humano en términos de las creencias y conductas en torno a su salud. Además, debe tenerse en cuenta que se alude a un término multifactorial, donde el contexto y las condiciones del individuo influyen en su consolidación. Bajo este paradigma se realiza un estudio descriptivo-transversal. Aquí bajo un muestreo aleatorio se seleccionaron 500 habitantes entre 20 y 40 años de edad, víctimas de inundación, tras el rompimiento del canal del dique en el año 2010, que residen en el Municipio de Campo de la Cruz, Departamento de Atlántico – Colombia. En particular se trabajan las dimensiones de consumo de sustancias, nutrición, autocuidado, sueño, tiempo libre y actividad física. Es notable que no se tienen datos significativos de la situación social y económica de la población antes del desastre. Entre los resultados obtenidos se destaca el reconocimiento de las víctimas sobre las estrategias que promueven la salud, y sus respectivos beneficios. Sin embargo, aún se presentan incoherencias entre sus creencias y la aplicación de hábitos saludables. Por otro lado, se resaltan el consumo de sustancias como factor de riesgo para la salud de los sujetos, y la necesidad de fortalecer el rol activo de los mismos en torno a prácticas de autocuidado.

Lifestyle of the Elderly with Stroke: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Nowadays, stroke is one of the most important and commonly diagnosed neurological diseases throughout the world. This disease annually causes numerous moralities and disabilities; its high prevalence is reported among the elderly. Objectives: The current study aimed at determining the lifestyle of the elderly with stroke in Ilam, Western Iran. Methods: The current descriptive, cross sectional study was conducted on 200 elderly people with stroke in Ilam, Western Iran by convenience sampling method. The study was conducted by the application of healthy lifestyle questionnaire with confirmed validity and reliability. After data collection, the data were analyzed with SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t test and ANOVA). Results: Findings of the current study showed that the majority of the studied elderly were male (n = 106, 53) aged 65 - 70 years (n = 93, 46.5), educated up to middle school level (n = 112, 56), with annual income range of US72,000 to US144,000 (n = 117, 58.5), had no spouse (n = 111, 5.55) and lived in the city(n = 115, 57.5). Mean (+/- standard deviation; SD) of age was 75.56 +/- 9.87 years, mean lifestyle score was 37.54 +/- 3.91, 9.55 +/- 1.79, 24.30 +/- 3.36, 18.76 +/- 1.79, and 28.04 +/- 2.41 in the dimensions of prevention, physical activity and recreational activities and sport, healthy nutrition, stress management, and inter-personal relationships, respectively. Total score of the questionnaire was 118.20 +/- 6.00, which indicated a medium score of healthy lifestyle in the elderly. Conclusions: Findings of the current study revealed that the lifestyle condition of the elderly with stroke was in medium level. It was suggested that the therapeutic and health teams, in particular nurses, intervene properly and use nursing care models to enhance the lifestyle of the elderly.

Health promoting behaviors of staff in a university of medical sciences in southeast of Iran.

Background Health promoting behaviors are appropriate indicators to determine individuals' health status. The staff of a health care system plays an important role in enhancing health promoting behaviors in society; therefore, the present study is aimed to evaluate health promoting behaviors of the staff in a university of medical sciences. Methods A descriptive study was conducted on 140 staff of the Kerman University of Medical Sciences in the southeast of Iran. Data were collected using the Persian version of the Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile-II questionnaire with six dimensions of spiritual growth, health responsibility, interpersonal relationships, stress management, exercise and physical activity and nutrition habits. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 18), descriptive statistics, Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results The mean of health promoting behaviors of the staff was at the moderate level (2.22 ± 0.10). The highest and lowest means were related to the dimensions of nutrition habits (2.75 ± 0.29) and exercise and physical activity (1.70 ± 0.24), respectively. There was a significant difference in the scores of health promotion behaviors based on age, so that the health promoting behaviors in the age group younger than 40 years old were higher than that in other age groups (p = 0.04). Conclusion Some health promoting behaviors such as exercise and physical activity have not been appropriately merged into daily life. It is recommended to provide educational programs for all aspects of health promoting behaviors of the staff's health in order to promote productivity.

The relationship between health-promoting lifestyle and sleep quality in postmenopausal women.

Background: Menopausal women are widely reported to have poor sleep quality and sleep problems. It is not clear whether increases in sleep disturbance are brought about by hormone changes associated with menopause or due to psychosocial and physical problems.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 menopausal women aged between 40 and 60 without any known severe illnesses in the city of Qaen, Iran, from April 2015 to May 2016. Data were collected by Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.Main outcome measures: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between health-promoting lifestyle and sleep quality in Iranian postmenopausal women. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, Spearman and univariate logistic regression.Result: The univariate logistic regression suggested that the physical activity dimension of lifestyle (OR = 1.095, 95% CI: 1.035-1.158, P < 0.006), non-smoking status (OR = 0.549, 95% CI: 0.331-0.912, P < 0.021) and occupation (women who were farmer compared with housewives) (OR = 0.239, 95% CI (0.074-0.775), P < 0.017) were associated with sleep quality.Conclusion: Postmenopausal women in this study were at high risk for poor sleep quality. Poor sleep quality was associated with low levels of physical activity, smoking and being a housewife compared to being a farmer. Therefore, there is an essential need to educate women about health-promoting behaviors including daily physical activity and avoiding smoking which are associated with quality of sleep.

Determination of physical health status and healthy lifestyle behaviors of individuals with mental illness.

The aim of this study is to determine the physical health status and healthy lifestyle behaviors of individuals with mental illness. A descriptive research design was used. The sample of the study consisted of 115 individuals with mental illness. The Health Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II was used to assess the healthy lifestyle behaviors of the participants. Of the individuals, 49.6% were found to have metabolic syndrome. Individuals with mental illness obtained the lowest score from the physical activity dimension of the scale. Individuals with mental illness need to receive education and support, especially in terms of nutrition and exercise.

Reliability and Validity of a Questionnaire for Physical Activity Assessment in South American Children and Adolescents: The SAYCARE Study.

The objective of this article is to test the reliability and validity of the new and innovative physical activity (PA) questionnaire. Subsamples from the South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environment Study (SAYCARE) study were included to examine its reliability (children: n = 161; adolescents: n = 177) and validity (children: n = 82; adolescents: n = 60). The questionnaire consists of three dimensions of PA (leisure, active commuting, and school) performed during the last week. To assess its validity, the subjects wore accelerometers for at least 3 days and 8 h/d (at least one weekend day). The reliability was analyzed by correlation coefficients. In addition, Bland-Altman analysis and a multilevel regression were applied to estimate the measurement bias, limits of agreement, and influence of contextual variables. In children, the questionnaire showed consistent reliability (ρ = 0.56) and moderate validity (ρ = 0.46), and the contextual variable variance explained 43.0% with -22.9 min/d bias. In adolescents, the reliability was higher (ρ = 0.76) and the validity was almost excellent (ρ = 0.88), with 66.7% of the variance explained by city level with 16.0 min/d PA bias. The SAYCARE PA questionnaire shows acceptable (in children) to strong (in adolescents) reliability and strong validity in the measurement of PA in the pediatric population from low- to middle-income countries.

Health-promoting behaviours of Iranian nurses and its relationship with some occupational factors: A cross sectional study.

To assess the prevalence of health-promoting behaviours (HPBs) and their associations with some occupational factors among nurses. Health-promoting behaviours are significant indicators of health status. Nurses' HPBs may have a direct impact on patients' care and safety. A descriptive, questionnaire design was conducted among nursing staff (n=136) in a district hospital in Iran during 2015. Data was collected using a two-part questionnaire, which included the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Data was analysed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, and independent t and ANOVA tests (α=.05). The stress-management and physical activity dimensions had the lowest mean score and health responsibility had the highest. The HPBs of nurses with rotating/irregular shifts, contract employment, and low income were significantly lower. Nurses' HPBs should be promoted in the stress management and physical activity dimensions. In this regard, contract nurses, shift nurses, and low-income nurses are the priorities. Nurse managers should give more attention to promote nurses' HPBs especially in the areas of stress management and physical activity through implementation of healthy lifestyle programs. Nursing policy makers should give attention to permanent recruitment and improving salary as a strategy to improve nurses' HPBs.

Active aging: prevalence and gender and age differences in a population-based study.

The aim of this study was to analyze prevalence rates and gender and age differences in indicators of active aging in elders participating in the Campinas Municipal Health Survey in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil (2014-2015). We estimated prevalence rates for participation by the elderly in twelve activities pertaining to four dimensions and calculated the prevalence ratios with Poisson regression. The study population consisted of 986 elderly. The results showed that 40.2% of the elderly participated in sociocultural activities, 25.3% were physically active in their leisure time, 21.7% used the Internet, 22.1% performed paid work, and only 2.6% were taking courses. In the social dimension, the only gender difference was in religious practice, which was less prevalent in men (PR = 0.67). In the dimension of physical activity, men were more active at work (PR = 2.10), in commuting (PR = 1.61), and in their leisure time (PR = 1.44). There was no gender difference in the intellectual dimension, and men were more active in paid work, (PR = 1.78). The analyses by age brackets showed that in men, only physical activity at work and paid work presented lower prevalence in the group eighty years and older. Among the oldest elderly women, lower prevalence rates were seen in six activities, which suggests a possible differential effect of advanced age between the sexes. The results show important rates of participation by elderly in some indicators of active aging, besides challenges in activities that are performed rarely and gender differences in participation.