Institutional Dimensions Research Articles

Do Economic Complexity Drivers Differ by Income Level? Insights From a Global Perspective

This study examines the drivers of economic complexity for 97 countries over the period 1995 to 2020 by income sub-groups. To investigate determinants of complexity, we develop five novel indexes. Using two-step system GMM (2SGMM) regression with the robust standard errors method, we found that institutional quality, health dimensions and macroeconomic conditions were enormously significant economic complexity drivers. However, the findings vary according to the country groups with different income levels. While the importance of openness and health dimensions are prominent in low and middle-income countries, capital stock and openness are the principal elements in the high-income group. The institutional quality is statistically significant and considerably affects on complexity in each group and across the panel. The education dimension of human capital has a positive effect only in the high-income group and across the panel, while it is negative in the middle and low-income groups, but its effect is weak. Moreover, these findings are valid in the long run. From a policy perspective, the findings suggest that macroeconomic policies focused on institutional quality, openness and healthcare as critical components of economic complexity should be crucial goals, especially for low and middle-income countries. JEL Classification: O11, O43, I15, I25.

느린 학습자의 문화예술 체험 활동을 통한 문화예술교육 지원 방안 연구

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of slow learners who are overlooked by institutional frameworks and to examine how cultural and arts experiences can facilitate their cognitive, affective and physical development. This research aims to propose strategies to support cultural and arts education tailored for slow learners. To achieve this, interviews were conducted with parents, primary school and middle school teachers, counselors, cultural and arts center and educational institutions managers and art instructors who have provided cultural and arts experience education to slow learners. The analysis results are organized by separating them into individual and institutional dimensions. At the individual level, the findings indicate the need for cultural and arts activities that enable slow learners to experience a sense of achievement. Since slow learners are educated alongside regular students, they often feel a relatively lower sense of achievement across cognitive, affective, and physical domains, leading to a loss of motivation to learn. Additionally, the study suggests expanding opportunities for communication among students, and between teachers and students, to make them more comfortable with expressing themselves internally. This involves providing numerous opportunities for self-expression by leveraging the variety and enjoyment of communication activities. Furthermore, the active use of play-based learning is advocated. Engaging in play involves all domains—cognitive, affective, and physical—and increases the chance for achievement due to the diversity of levels. At the institutional level, the findings can be summarized as follows. First, there is a need for policy support for cultural and arts experience education for slow learners, a point that has been highlighted in various studies. Without this support, the social costs could become substantially high. Secondly, there is a call for support within the framework of lifelong education. The principle of lifelong education is based on self-directed learning, where individuals select the content and level of their learning. However, self-directed learning poses challenges for slow learners, necessitating the need for learning assistants. This area requires institutional support via policy backing.

Towards a Resilient City: Analyzing Semarang Preparedness in Facing Disaster Related to Climate Change, Indonesia

Semarang, a populous Indonesian coastal city, faces rising sea levels, tidal floods, and potential increases in rainfall intensity due to climate change. Measuring urban resilience is crucial to understand current and future disaster risks, informing the development of effective climate and disaster resilience policies. This study analyzes Semarang City's preparedness for climate-related disasters using a qualitative approach. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and surveys involving stakeholders and representatives from each sub-district were conducted. The Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) framework was employed to assess preparedness across natural, social, economic, institutional, and physical dimensions. The findings reveal that preparedness in Semarang is a multi-faceted and ongoing effort. While initial analysis suggests a moderate level of preparedness, areas for improvement include strengthening the climate action plan, expanding early warning system reach, and enhancing community flood coping capacity. These actions are essential to safeguard society and the environment, bolstering the city's resilience and adaptability to climate change impacts.

Do institutional dimensions matter at different stages of the entrepreneurial process? A multi-country study

AbstractEntrepreneurs should navigate through different stages from the conception of an idea until the business is operational. According to these stages, we expected that the context has a different impact on an individual’s decisions. This paper analyses the role of institutional dimensions (regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive) in the entrepreneurial process (potential, nascent, and new entrepreneurship), using data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and Heritage Foundation, with a sample of 99 countries for the period 2001–2017. Through panel data, the main findings show that (a) regulations regarding new business creation have a stronger influence on new entrepreneurship, (b) social norms have more influence on potential entrepreneurs and individual perceptions regarding their self-capacity and experience to start a new business, and (c) the cultural-cognitive dimension has a stronger influence on nascent entrepreneurship. Policymakers could consider these results to promote and generate target group policies that effectively encourage entrepreneurial activity, which is also distinguished by the level of development among countries.

Institutional Design In Collaboration To Strengthen Food Fortification In Consumption Salt Smes In Pati Regency

Fortifying salt with iodine is one of the government's strategies to achieve food and nutritional security. Iodine deficiency can hinder mental and intelligence development, affecting the quality of Human Resources. Pati Regency can contribute to strengthening food fortification with the potential of its salt-consumption SMEs. However, the test results stated that 40.70% of the salt consumption of SMEs in Pati needed to meet standards. The fortification program is implemented and integrated into the government and private sectors. Successful fulfillment of product quality by SMEs requires effective collaboration between development institutions and business actors and good coordination between the development institutions. Institutional design contributes to the collaboration process that occurs. This research aims to analyze the institutional design and problems in collaboration with development actors to develop consumer salt SMEs in the Pati Regency. The research uses qualitative methods, collecting data through observation, in-depth interviews, document studies, and FGDs. The development of consumer salt SMEs in Pati Regency involves government institutions at the district level, namely the Ministry of Trade and Industry and Bappeda, at the provincial level, namely the Ministry of Industry and Trade and BBPOM in Semarang, as well as non-government organizations, namely the NGOs Nutrition International Indonesia and APROGAKOB. Institutional design in collaboration with actors developing iodized salt SMEs requires strengthening the dimensions of basic rules, participation, exclusive forums, and transparency. Strengthening the institutional dimension will increase collaboration so that the potential of Pati Regency can support strengthening the fortification of salt consumption

Does higher ranking ensure higher student satisfaction: evidence from higher education institutions in India

PurposeProspective students and other stakeholders in the education system use global and national rankings as a measure of the quality of education offered by different higher educational institutions. The ranking of an Institution is seen as a measure of reputation and has a significant role in attracting students. But are students happy in the top-ranked institutions? Does a high rank translate into high student satisfaction? This study answers this question taking data from top educational institutions in India.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines how the top-ranked higher education institutions in India fare on student satisfaction. Using the data on key performance indicators published by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) and student satisfaction scores of these institutions reported by NAAC, the study explores a possible relationship between the ranking of an institution and its student satisfaction score.FindingsThe study finds no significant relationship between the ranking of an institution and its student satisfaction score. The only institutional performance dimension which has a positive correlation with student satisfaction is graduate outcome. The diversity dimension is seen to be negatively correlated with student satisfaction.Practical implicationsThe importance of modifying the ranking frameworks to account for the real drivers of student satisfaction is highlighted. The items in the student satisfaction survey should be regularly updated to reflect the actual concerns of the students. This is very important given the fact that the number of Indian students going abroad for higher education recorded a six-year high in 2022 at 750,365.Originality/valueWith more than 50,000 institutions catering to over 40 million students, India has the largest higher education system in the world. Given the high level of competition among these institutions, ranking and accreditation have become important parameters used by students for selection of an institution. But do top-ranked higher education institutions have the most satisfied student community? The assumption is disproved using the most credible secondary data. This study is the first of its kind in the Indian context. It has huge implications for the most respected ranking frameworks.

The impact of party competition on LGBTI+ rights: Evidence from Spanish autonomous regions (1990–2022)

AbstractPolitical competition accelerates the enactment of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans*, and intersexual rights (LGBTI+) due to the dynamic, rational behavior of mainstream parties across the political aisle to adapt to the sociopolitical environment. We argue that LGBTI+ social movements capitalize on median voter shifts combined with the rising pressure of ideologically close challenger parties to enact legislation. To examine this argument, we employ quantitative event history analysis with a unique dataset with measures for social movement, institutional, political, and sociocultural dimensions across 33 years in Spanish subnational arenas. We find that rising leftist and liberal contenders challenging dominant center‐left and center‐right parties, respectively, widen the opportunity political structure of LGBTI+ organizations. Ultimately, rising political fragmentation in a multiparty, multidimensional party system turns both left and right mainstream parties into allies of LGBTI+ organizations, which propose new legislation, due to political platforms seeking to preserve and enhance their electoral base.Related ArticlesBurnett, Craig M., and Aaron S. King. 2015. “The Personal Politics of Same‐Sex Marriage.” Politics & Policy 43(4): 586–610. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12126.Lewis, Gregory B., Marc A. Rogers, and Kenneth Sherrill. 2011. “Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Voters in the 2000 US Presidential Election.” Politics & Policy 39(5): 655–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00315.x.Skipworth, Sue Ann, Andrew Garner, and Bryan J. Dettrey. 2010. “Limitations of the Contact Hypothesis: Heterogeneity in the Contact Effect on Attitudes toward Gay Rights.” Politics & Policy 38(5): 887–906. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00262.x.

Institutional Constraints Affecting Small Businesses in South Africa

This study explores the perception of institutional constraints in South Africa. It delineates the constraints into critical socio-cultural, political, and economic dimensions that impact entrepreneurs and their micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The paper utilises an exploratory interview approach with thirty-two entrepreneurs from Cape Town, Durban, and Johannesburg and the emergent themes generated with ATLAS.ti. The study identified fourteen constraints that might affect the enterprise development process. The paper is original, with three main contributions. It first identifies constraints along institutional dimensions of socio-cultural, political, and economic contexts. Second, deriving the constraints through qualitative methodological inquiries with inductive and deductive analytical tools according to institutional variables is a unique methodological contribution. Third, the paper proposed context-specific focused policy interventions. The findings promote an understanding that South African MSMEs require continuous, needs-based, responsive, and adaptive institutional support.

The Role of Innovation in Driving Sustainable Business Practices

In the current changing business landscape, organisations throughout the globe now consider the pursuit of sustainability to be a basic strategic requirement. Innovation plays a pivotal part in this effort by acting as a catalyst for the creation and application of sustainable business processes. This essay offers a thorough analysis of the various ways that innovation advances sustainability in businesses, society, and organisations. The paper examines the role of technological innovation in driving sustainability, encompassing advancements in renewable energy, clean technologies, resource efficiency, and eco-friendly materials. It explores the nexus between innovation and business model redesign, emphasizing the importance of reimagining traditional business models to integrate sustainability considerations. It discusses emergent business models such as circular economy and sharing economy which prioritize resource optimization, waste reduction, and the creation of shared value for stakeholders. Moreover, the paper addresses the regulatory and institutional dimensions of innovation in sustainable business practices, examining the role of government policies, industry standards, and multi-stakeholder initiatives in shaping the enabling environment for sustainable innovation.

Полевые исследования: проблема, задачи, возможности. Часть 1

For more than a century, the state of psychology has been characterized as a crisis (crisis of methodology). The present state of the social objects, which serve as the research subjects for us, is characterized by increasing dynamism and variability. The current state, as reflected in its typical objects and conditions of conducting scientific research and practice work by ordinary researchers, often remains out of the attention span of methodologists and historians of science. Changes of the conditions created for conducting scientific research and research and practice work in modern institutions require reinterpreting the methods and methodology of the discipline and of the third-level disciplinary methodology. These are conventionally called by us “methods and methodology of field research”. The raised issue is masked and smoothed out by the dominance in Russian psychology of researches based on models of academic groups (schoolchildren, students, seminar listeners, etc.), i.e., by scientific research and research and practice works conducted under relatively simple conditions. However, the range of research and practical tasks is much wider; a pronounced shift to studies of mainly academic groups is a shift to “accessibility and comfort” zone and it leads to the erosion of the discipline. Purpose: historical and theoretical analysis of methodological, methodical and organizational aspects of conducting the research in a modern institution. Methods: analysis of scientific literature, psychodiagnostics, reflection on the experience of scientific research and practical work in modern institutions. It is summarized that: 1) the state of the discipline methodology, understanding of its method, subject and technology of conducting relevant scientific research, and explanation of the results obtained are interrelated; 2) with the availability of administrative resources methodological and methodical problems persist and are reproduced even under strictly specified diagnostic conditions; 3) diagnostic issues in the space-time dimension of modern institutions change the unresolved tasks of “methods and methodology of field research” into the status of “raised to the second power problems, “raised to the third power problems”; 4) one of the least developed issues of psychodiagnostics is the issue of the “situation”, which requires its constructive solution.

Strengthening Higher Education performance Management

This study aims to examine the institutional and operational dimensions of performance management of the Government Agency Performance Accountability System (SAKIP) of Higher Education. Empirically, the strengthening of both dimensions in higher education performance management includes, 1) Institutional guarantees stably through commitment, legitimacy, and digital leadership. 2) Operational systems through planning, measurement, and internal reporting and evaluation. To achieve the objectives of this research qualitative descriptive method was used. This research method is used to reveal the problems of higher education performance management. This research was conducted at Gorontalo State University (UNG). The informants of this research include elements of leadership, management team, lecturers, and education personnel who are directly involved and influenced by decision-making. Data collection was carried out by interview, observation, and documentation which were then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman data analysis technique. The research findings show that performance management at UNG can be seen fundamentally and in a more macro perspective by, 1) The legality of providing internal policies as guidelines in carrying out university performance in a stable manner. 2) Information technology support through an integrated system of information systems in supporting the operational mechanism of higher education performance data management.
 Keywords: technology support, data integration, electronic system, internal policy, legality

Examining the Impact of Fiscal Rules on Fiscal Stability in EU Member States

Following the rapid escalation of budget deficits and public debt across many EU nations post-2008, fiscal policy has encountered a formidable challenge in devising suitable measures to fortify fiscal discipline and enhance the quality of public finance. Institutional mechanisms, including numerical fiscal rules, play a pivotal role in upholding fiscal discipline and bolstering the fiscal credibility of states. These rules typically entail permanent constraints on fiscal policy, delineated by indicators that set thresholds for specific fiscal aggregates such as budget deficits, public debt, public expenditure, or public revenue. The theoretical aim of this article is to scrutinize the institutional dimensions of numerical fiscal rules, encompassing their type, legal foundation, transparency, complexity, flexibility, adequacy, and coherence. The empirical objective, conversely, is to conduct statistical analysis and investigate the correlation between the fiscal rules index and the levels of budget deficit and public debt across the 28 Member States of the European Union. Evaluating the efficacy of implemented fiscal rules, both at the European and national levels, constitutes a crucial aspect of this analysis.

Evaluating Student Satisfaction: A Small Private University Perspective in Japan

This study investigates undergraduate student satisfaction at a small private university in Japan, focusing on factors like social environment, instructors, facilities, support, academic grit, and student engagement. Given Japan's demographic challenges and the heightened competition in higher education, understanding these factors is crucial for student retention and institutional stability. The study employs a quantitative approach, analyzing data from a sample that mirrors the university's demographic composition. Key findings reveal that instructors, facilities, and support significantly influence student satisfaction, with distinct variations observed when analyzed by gender and academic year. In contrast, grit and engagement were not statistically significant predictors; their roles in the broader educational context warrant further exploration. This study reveals actionable strategies to elevate student satisfaction at a small private Japanese university, addressing institutional, administrative, and instructional dimensions. Recommendations include upgrading facilities and enhancing the social atmosphere to foster a conducive learning environment, focusing on faculty development to improve instructional quality, and tailoring engagement strategies to meet gender-specific and year-specific needs. These measures aim to mitigate challenges like declining enrollment and student attrition by creating a more fulfilling university experience and strengthening the institution's reputation and appeal.

Drifting toward Alliance Innovation: Patent Collaboration Relationships and Development in China’s Hydrogen Energy Industry from a Network Perspective

Drifting toward Alliance Innovation: Patent Collaboration Relationships and Development in China’s Hydrogen Energy Industry from a Network Perspective

An Analytical Framework for Cross‐border Regional Innovation Ecosystems: The Case of Shenzhen–Hong Kong Cross‐border Region

AbstractIn cross‐border regions (CBRs), especially in Cross‐Border Regional Innovation Systems (CBRISs) research, proximity has traditionally served as the primary framework for measuring cross‐border integration and supports the view that the closer the proximity on both sides of the border in terms of physical, functional, cognitive, institutional and other dimensions, the more integration is fostered. Recently, however, this view has been questioned, with both theoretical studies of ‘related varieties’ and empirical results from specific cross‐border cases challenging the adequacy of the proximity framework as a singular dimension for analysing CBR integration. To bridge this knowledge gap, this paper expands the proximity framework to four dimensions of relational proximity, innovation ecological environment integration, complementary advantages and common goals from the perspective of innovation ecosystem, builds an analytical assessment framework of cross‐border regional innovation ecosystem (CBRIE), and conducts an empirical analysis of the Shenzhen–Hong Kong CBR. The results show that the framework accounts well for the development of CBRIEs. Furthermore, the exchange of innovation factors between Shenzhen and Hong Kong has made greater progress and accelerated, and is moving towards building an innovation ecosystem. However, they have not yet formed a complete CBRIE.

Technological and Institutional Space, Entrepreneurial Activities and Innovation in Asian Economies

The East Asian region has shown increased innovation performance over the past 20 years. At the same time, individual economies within the region have shown divergent performance. This article investigated the relationship between institutional potentials, entrepreneurial activities and innovation in 12 Asian economies in order to address the question of why innovation performance in Asian economies has been dynamic as well as divergent. We empirically examine the question in the following two steps. First, we apply a multiple factor analysis to a range of indicators of multiple institutional domains that are relevant to a technological system, and we show that there can be diversity of institutional space underlying a technological architecture. Second, we investigate how and to what extent technological and institutional dimensions—derived from multiple factor analysis (MFA)—affect innovation performance by using an ordered logit model. We find that there is a diversity of technological and institutional systems available for innovation activities, leading to different innovation systems, and that entrepreneurial activity is essential for a technological and institutional potential to be linked with innovative activity. The positive synergy between innovation, technological and institutional potentials and entrepreneurial activities results in different trajectories for Asian economies to lead to increasing innovation performance. This finding implies that there can be multiple ways for emerging economies to be able to develop innovative capabilities. It also contributes to innovation policy, because it allows policymakers in emerging economies to understand how to build a synergy between institutional spaces and entrepreneurs’ activities for innovation performance.

Analysis of Sustainability Status and Management of Brown Seaweed Sargassum sp. in the Waters of Ujung Kulon Conservation Area

The potential of seaweed resources in Indonesia has a significant economic value that is quite competitive and useful in the food and non-food sectors. One of the habitats of Sargassum sp. in Indonesia is Ujung Kulon, Banten Province. However, the existence of this species has not been utilized optimally and sustainably by the community. In addition, the problem is the lack of community participation in conservation water areas and sustainable management. The study aimed to determine the resource potential of brown seaweed Sargassum sp. in the location. In addition, it will evaluate the management and utilization, as well as the role of the community in sustainable management. Sustainability analysis was conducted using the Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) technique through the RAPFISH (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries) approach reinforced with Monte Carlo and Leverage analyses. The preparation of sustainability attributes is based on ecological, economic, social, and institutional dimensions. The results of this study showed that each dimension's value for the environmental dimension (66.15 entirely) is sustainable. The sustainability index value in the economic dimension (81.68) is sustainable. The results of the ordination analysis show that the sustainability index value in the social dimension (20.97) is not sustainable, institutional (31.92) with less sustainable status, so it needs to be a top priority for improvement on several sensitive attributes as leverage factors. In this case, the economic dimension is the value with the highest index, which aligns with the main livelihoods of the conservation area's people. As for the social and institutional dimensions, appropriate improvements still need to be made to support sustainable development. These results are expected to provide information and illustrations for stakeholders and the community in sustainable management efforts in formulating policy strategies.

A Brief Commentary on Ecumenism and Its “Reception” in Romanian Orthodoxy

Ecumenism is a very generous and full of challenges topic that has generated extremely diverse opinions over the years, from hostility and vehement criticism to favorable, even enthusiastic attitudes. In the first part of this short essay, I want to talk about the difficulties in understanding the ecumenical movement and its role in establishing collaborative relationships between Christians from various denominations in Romania, noting the institutional and personalistic dimensions of ecumenism. In the second part, I will refer to the ecumenical dynamics of Romanian Orthodoxy (including the distorted reception of the decisions of the Holy and Great Synod of Crete, 2016), marked by the Church's openness to dialogue, the indifference or ignorance of contemporary society towards religious issues, but also of the necessity of God’s presence in the world, the only guarantee that reconciliation, understanding, collaboration and communication is possible among people of different beliefs, nationalities, cultures and traditions.

Strengthening Institutional Building to Prevent Potency Conflict (Study at Communication Forums Regional Intelligence Central Java Province)

Institutional development is an approach that depends on the concept of manipulating, social dna stressing, leadership functioning on modern elite group, and also available alternatives on action strategies. The existence of potential conflict in society is an activity that must be monitored beforehand and the role of intelligence is highly expected to identify it early on. This study aims to analyze pattern interaction between actors who are awakened in community forums intelligence area in handler potency conflict. This is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. This research was carried out in Central Java Province because there are several activities in regional intelligence communication forums that are quite active in handling potential conflicts. Research results show that strengthening institutional building in Communication Internal Regional Intelligence Handling potency conflict in the Province Central Java is not yet fully optimal in sight from institutional building dimensions, namely leadership, doctrine, programs, resources, and internal structure. Importance of strengthening internal institutional building developing institutions involved various institutions capable of presenting an output that does not only applies to a certain situation but also a different context.
 Keywords: institutional building, prevention potency, conflict

Pumpkin seed flour: physical, physicochemical and chemical characteristics

Around 1.3 billion tons of food are thrown away every year in the world, and it is estimated that 60 kg/per capita are wasted in Brazil. As a result, the UN's 2030 schedule includes among the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), number 12, which deals with responsible consumption and production, involving the social, environmental, economic and institutional dimensions. By using food in its entirety and/or its fractions (peels, seeds, stalks and leaves), there is a reduction in waste, environmental impacts and food production costs. Pumpkin seeds are nutritionally rich and can be used in many different applications, including as flour. Pumpkin Seed Flour (PSF), produced from Cucurbita maxima L., was evaluated for yield, physical, physicochemical and chemical characteristics. The flour yield was 93.9%, the water absorption index confirmed the low presence of starch and the solubility index confirmed the presence of soluble solids. In composition, it presented a high percentage of fibers, lipids and proteins, characteristic of oilseeds and legumes. FSA does not contain gluten and can nutritionally enhance foods for celiac patients.