Dimensions Of Experience Research Articles

How leaders perceive security dangers: The neglected dimension of unfolding experience

Abstract Leaders play a central role in world politics, and threat perception is a crucial element in the study and practice of International Relations (IR). Yet existing accounts of how leaders perceive threats are inadequate, drawing on an incomplete notion of leaders as (ir)rational information processors that pays no attention to the leader’s experience of danger as it unfolds in time and how such experience is structured. By integrating a framework developed by linguist Ray Jackendoff to describe the experience of language with the study of danger in International Relations, and by employing an interpretive textual analysis technique to danger descriptions made by world leaders embedded in different historical and cultural settings constructing different security dangers, I develop and illustrate the ‘danger framework’. In describing the unique features with which leaders experience security dangers, the danger framework theorises the qualia of danger experience and how it is organised into the conscious field of leaders. In doing so, the paper makes progress on three problems for existing accounts of threat perception in IR, illuminates important research puzzles, and provides the literature on experience and Ontological Security Studies (OSS) with micro-foundations.

Experiential dimension of psilocybin-assisted therapy training: Necessity or hindrance to wider accessibility?

Experiential dimension of psilocybin-assisted therapy training: Necessity or hindrance to wider accessibility?

How can a spiritual pedagogy in religious education contribute to children’s spiritual growth?

ABSTRACT This paper explores how a spiritual pedagogy in religious education (RE) can contribute to children’s spiritual development to a larger extent than it currently does in the UK and in Norway. Contemporary RE focuses largely on knowledge transmission, but it could be reimagined to empower students to transform their lives by nurturing their spirituality. The paper starts by defining spirituality as a relational experience involving one’s connection with oneself, others, the natural world, and potentially the transcendent. This definition serves as a conceptual framing for the rest of the discussion, clarifying how spirituality is understood and how RE can nurture it. The paper then discusses Biesta’s pedagogical concept of subjectification, which opens up a space in RE to focus more on experiential and relational dimensions and individual empowerment. Empirically, I discuss the opportunities provided by Norwegian and British RE curricula.

Gamifying urban nature experiences

Nature experiences are important drivers of environmental awareness and responsibility, as literature has shown that people who feel a greater connectedness with nature tend to be more active in conservation action. Despite this, recent studies have shown that nature contact within urban space is in decline, which has led scholars to call for novel ways to reconnect urban dwellers with nature. With this in mind, this paper explores the potential of gamification to co-create engaging and immersive experiences of urban nature, following the insight that the sensory and emotional dimensions of nature experiences are crucial for the development of nature connectedness and conservation awareness. We draw on a qualitative study on the emotional experience of a mixed-reality narrative developed for an historical botanical garden in Lisbon, in which game elements, namely treasure-hunting and rewards, are integrated into an urban nature experience. The study devised a methodology inspired by non-representational and creative methodologies, which comprised a series of performative workshops aimed to understand the emplaced emotional and sensory connections with the environment during the experience of the gamified mixed-reality narrative. Our findings allowed us to understand how gamification techniques in urban nature experiences can stimulate nature connectedness by encouraging sensory contact and appreciation of beauty, and promote environmental responsibility by emphasizing conservation issues. We conclude the paper by discussing the possibilities of further applications of gamification within the design of urban nature experiences.

A Right-Brain-Based Epistemology Grounded on Local Wisdom: Intuilytics as a Culturally-Meaningful Alternative in Science

Epistemology, the study of knowledge, has long grappled with the challenge of determining truth. While the combination of deductive and inductive reasoning has been a cornerstone of scientific inquiry, several limitations emerge in its application to contemporary epistemology. One significant issue lies within the core of falsificationism, a prominent philosophy championed by Karl Popper. Falsificationism posits that a scientific theory can only be proven false, not true. While this approach aims to prevent dogmatic adherence to untested ideas, it can lead to an endless cycle of trial and error. As Popper himself acknowledged, no single experiment can definitively prove a theory correct. Summarizing, the dominance of rationalist thinking has shaped the way we view the world and conduct scientific research. However, this approach often neglects the subjective dimensions of human experience, such as intuition, emotion, and creativity. Consequently, many complex phenomena are difficult to fully explain through the lens of rationalism alone. This article aims to explore the potential of right-brain-based epistemology, which we call intuilytics. This approach emphasizes the role of intuition, creativity, and holistic thinking in the process of acquiring knowledge. This article presents a critical perspective on today’s epistemological practices. It does not intend to discredit the importance of deductive-inductive reasoning or the valuable contributions of philosophers like Karl Popper and economists like Ronald Coase.

Norman B. Anderson (1955-2024).

Memorializes Norman B. Anderson (1924-2024). Norman B. Anderson was born on October 16, 1955, in Greensboro, North Carolina. He died unexpectedly on March 1, 2024, in Durham, North Carolina, while recovering from knee surgeries. In a life of considerable accomplishments, the readers of this journal will note his 13-year leadership as executive vice president and chief executive officer of the American Psychological Association (APA). From 2003 to 2016, Norman led the APA to its ascendant status among behavioral health professional associations. Norman's approach was to lead with a calm, mindful, humble, and graceful demeanor, which made everyone feel seen and heard. Norman began his career in 1985 as an assistant professor at the Duke School of Medicine and was among the first behavioral scientists to study and write about the role of psychosocial stress in the development of hypertension in African Americans. From 1995 to 2000, Norman served as the founding director of the National Institutes of Health Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research. After the National Institutes of Health, Norman briefly served on the faculty of the Harvard School of Public Health. He cultivated a profound interior life but was also engaged as a competitive amateur athlete and actively promoted the social activism exemplified by his heroes-Martin Luther King, Jr., Howard Thurman, and others committed to social justice. Norman sought to integrate the active and contemplative dimensions of human experience. He will be deeply missed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Hybrid Festival Visitors Experience Using the Event Experience Theory in the Post Covid Era

The festival events sector has undergone a significant transformation with the rise of hybrid events, which blend physical and virtual components. This evolution has been notable since the COVID-19 pandemic, which necessitated innovative approaches to event organisation. The pandemic acted as a catalyst for the widespread adoption of hybrid events, reshaping the industry landscape and setting new standards for attendee engagement and experience. Structured interviews were conducted with 105 attendees from two major festivals. These interviews were designed based on the Event Experience Theory (EET), which provides a framework for understanding the dimensions of event experiences, including sensory perception, emotional engagement, cognitive involvement, and social interactions. The findings of this study contribute to the conceptualization of hybrid events experience. From a managerial perspective, research findings inform event organisers on effectively navigating the landscape of hybrid events with the aim to ensure event viability and attendees’ satisfaction.

Segmentation by recreation experiences of demand in coastal and marine destinations: A study in Galapagos, Ecuador.

Tourism in coastal and marine areas offers a wide variety of recreational activities. The present study had the following objectives: (i), identify the dimensions of recreational experiences in coastal and marine destinations focused on island marine protected areas (ii) determine the demand segments for recreational experiences, and (iii) establish the relationship between the demand segments for recreational experiences and the satisfaction and loyalty. The study was conducted in the Galápagos Islands of Ecuador, and 407 valid questionnaires were collected on-site. The statistical techniques used were factor analysis and the non-hierarchical k-means clustering method. The results reveal four dimensions of the recreational experience in coastal and marine destinations focused on island marine protected areas: Ecological Observation, Experiential Learning, Experiential Reflection, and Sensory Experience. Additionally, three demand segments differentiated by recreational experiences were identified: The Estheticians, the Multi-Experience Recreationists, and the Hedonists. Among these groups, the Multi-Experience Recreationists segment was the most satisfied and exhibited higher levels of loyalty in insular protected marine areas. These findings will assist managers of protected marine areas in creating sustainable development plans and contribute to the academic literature on coastal and marine tourism.

Терапевтична функція художнього образу: поетика біблійних образів Сергія Жадана

This article delineates the specific therapeutic function of art in general and the artistic image in particular. Their therapeutic and compensatory potential is examined within philosophical and literary discourses. The discussion engages with Plato’s reflections on the educational and moral role of art and Aristotle’s theory concerning the cathartic effects of tragedy. Contributions from V. Maggi, S. Haupt, G. Lehnert, E. Zeller, E. Müller, and J. Bernays are considered. The study explores Friedrich Nietzsche’s notion of the receptive-compensatory function of art, particularly the reconciliation of Apollonian and Dionysian principles. Sigmund Freud’s concepts are interpreted in relation to the unconscious and the interaction between individuals and art during periods of epistemological crisis. Roman Ingarden’s perspective emphasises the therapeutic aim of literature when there is a corresponding receptive inquiry from the reader. Key ideas from reception aesthetics are foregrounded, highlighting art’s capacity to act as a medium of transcendence, influence the reader, and underpin the therapeutic effects of art and literature. Hans Robert Jauss’s concepts of the “horizon of expectations” and catharsis as a communicative dimension of aesthetic experience are revisited. Wolfgang Iser’s analysis of aesthetic experience in addressing gaps of indeterminacy is examined, alongside Umberto Eco’s insights on receptive indeterminacy as a defining feature of the “open work”, which catalyses co-creation by the recipient, stimulating imagination, fostering empathy, and providing intellectual therapy. The study also considers the therapeutic potential of sacred images during periods of radical epistemological shifts prompted by cataclysms, historical events, revolutions, or wars. Mircea Eliade’s framework of the “sacred-profane” dichotomy and the capacity of sacred images to function as points of transcendence, transcendent centres, or ontological anchors is discussed. Paul Ricoeur’s interpretation of the therapeutic influence of sacred motifs, images, and symbols on readers as they engage with existential questions is also addressed. Finally, the therapeutic role of biblical imagery – God, the Virgin Mary, Jesus Christ, Mary Magdalene, and the Apostle Thomas – is analysed through the lens of Serhiy Zhadan’s poetry collection “Life of Maria” (2015).

UNDERSTANDING AND ENDING AGEISM: AN INNOVATIVE COLLEGE COURSE

Abstract Understanding and Ending Ageism is an online community college course developed as part of a grant-funded project that aimed to raise awareness about aging and ageism, as well as to make the case for integrating these dimensions of human experience into college-wide diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives. Designed and first offered in 2016, the course continues to be offered two terms per year and has been periodically refreshed to incorporate new perspectives and resources (including the Reframing Aging Initiative and updated AGHE Competencies). Course content includes a comprehensive overview of the characteristics, mechanisms and effects of ageism (and how ageism is experienced across the life course and at different ages and stages); examination of how ageism intersects with other “isms” in forming a system of oppression and yet is not often enough considered in discussions about diversity, equity, and inclusion; identification and planning of interventions and projects connected to increasing age-appreciation and challenging ageism; themes of aging-awareness, social justice and intergenerational solidarity; and an emphasis on reflection, critical thinking, and praxis. Unique features of the course include its collaborative learning design and its focus on “practices” that we can engage in at every level at which ageism operates and at which we can intervene: the individual; interpersonal; social/organizational; societal/political; and cultural. In addition to weekly assigned readings and roundtable discussions, students create an Ending Ageism Synthesis & Action Project as their capstone assignment.

Phenomenological Mapping: A Method For Understanding Pre-Reflective Consciousness.

Exploring the nuanced and often elusive realm of pre-reflective consciousness presents a methodological challenge, as it involves capturing experiences that arise prior to reflective thought and language. This article introduces Phenomenological Mapping, an innovative research method designed to systematically study the pre-reflective dimensions of human experience. Grounded in the foundational theories of Edmund Husserl (2012), Maurice Merleau-Ponty (2013), and Martin Heidegger (1992, 2008), the approach also integrates contemporary perspectives from Dan Zahavi (1999, Contemporary Phenomenology and Qualitative Research 5(1), 1-17, 2021), Shaun Gallagher (2006, 2017), and Evan Thompson (2010, 2017). Drawing upon advancements in neurophenomenology, embodied cognition, and intersubjectivity, Phenomenological Mapping provides a structured framework for accessing and analyzing pre-reflective consciousness. This methodology guides researchers through a sequence of eleven phases, from initial preparation and contextualization to data collection, analysis, and integration. It employs Husserl's phenomenological reduction, Merleau-Ponty's concept of embodied perception, and Heidegger's exploration of being-in-the-world. The approach is further enriched by Zahavi's intersubjectivity, Gallagher's work on embodiment, and Thompson's continuum of consciousness. By utilizing multisensory data collection techniques-such as visual diaries, audio recordings, and experiential practices-Phenomenological Mapping offers a multi-dimensional approach to analyzing subjective experience. This research contributes a novel methodological tool to phenomenology, facilitating an empirical investigation that remains faithful to the philosophical foundations of pre-reflective consciousness while bridging empirical and theoretical domains.

International experience, degree of digitalization and speed of internationalization

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to investigate (1) whether the different dimensions of internationalization experience have different effects on internationalization speed? (2) And how the degree of digitalization plays a moderating role in these relationships?Design/methodology/approachThe authors test the hypotheses on a sample of 431 Chinese listed companies export data from 2007 to 2016, using multiple regression analysis.FindingsThe international expansion experience to developed economies will accelerate the internationalization speed of MNCs, while international expansion experience to emerging economies has an inverted U-shaped relationship with internationalization speed. The digitalization degree weakens the relationship between international experience and internationalization speed, whether it is international expansion experience to developed or emerging economies.Originality/valueBy decomposing the dimensions of international experience and considering the degree of digitalization as a new moderating variable, the paper helps to clarify the debate on the relationship between international experience and speed of internationalization, thus contributing to the internationalization speed literature and the digital technology perspective. Revealing the process of international experience affecting internationalization speed has implications for MNCs to achieve high-quality and rapid internationalization.

The Customer Experience is a Key Factor at Every Stage of the Transaction: Before, During, and After

This study analyses the influence of three dimensions of customer experience — sensory, cognitive, and emotional — on purchase commitment to Fair Trade products. In addition, the influence of commitment on word of mouth, repurchase intentions and willingness to pay more for Fair Trade products was measured. A theoretical model estimated data obtained from 345 Spanish Fair Trade buyers, using CB-SEM. The seven hypotheses proposed were accepted, which reaffirms the importance of the sensory, emotional, and cognitive dimensions for forming commitment and positive behavioral responses. The study raises theoretical and managerial implications for Fair Trade marketers, which can strengthen it to meet consumers´ needs. Finally, limitations and future research directions are discussed.

The Effect of Training on Employee Experience via Digital HRM System: A Qualitative Approach

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the impact of training on employee experience in the context of digital HR, with a specific focus on the physical, digital, and cultural dimensions of employee experience. Methodology: This paper employs a qualitative research approach, specifically semi-structured interviews with 9 employees and managers in leading telecommunication companies in Vietnam. Findings: The study found that while digital training offers significant advantages in terms of flexibility and accessibility, it may not fully address the need for social interaction and cultural experiences. A blended approach that combines traditional and digital methods can provide a more comprehensive and effective training experience. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the growing studies on the impact of training on employee experience in the digital age. By examining the physical, digital, and cultural dimensions of employee experience, this research offers valuable insights for organizations seeking to optimize their training strategies and enhance employee satisfaction and engagement.

Relationship between Bilingual Experience and Cognitive Control of Bilingual Children

There has been growing interest in how different dimensions of bilingual experience relate to cognitive abilities within the bilingual group. However, this interest rarely targeted data from young bilingual children who lack sufficient language production. The current study includes a variety of bilingual experience-related factors, such as language proficiency, language use, and code-switching frequency, to investigate 30- to 48-month-old bilingual children as well as their parents. Results showed that children’s age, rather than any of the bilingual-experience-related variables from neither children nor parents, predicted children’s cognitive control abilities. This study is one of the few that looked at the bilingual effects by including three bilingual-experience-related dimensions as well as parental factors. The implications of applying the bilingual experience dimension-based approach and including environmental factors while studying young bilingual age groups with limited language production were discussed.

How does the consumer’s positive and negative electronic word of mouth expand the retail brand experience dimensions? Lessons from IKEA and Lidl

How does the consumer’s positive and negative electronic word of mouth expand the retail brand experience dimensions? Lessons from IKEA and Lidl

The Impact of Consumer Engagement with Gamified Branded Apps on Gameful Experience in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Study

Drawing on social exchange theory, this article examines how consumers’ engagement with gamified branded mobile apps impacts different aspects of their gameful experience, which comprises accomplishment, competition, challenge, immersion, guidance, playful experience, and social experience. We test the proposed conceptual model by drawing on data collected from 319 adult gamified app users from the emerging market of Pakistan, which was analyzed by using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that consumers’ engagement with gamified branded mobile apps in the emerging market context impacts each of the studied gameful experience dimensions, raising important theoretical and practical implications, as discussed in the article’s final section.

Natural disaster tourism unveiled: understanding the psychological dimensions of tourist experiences

ABSTRACT Dark tourism research often overlooks the psychological differences between dark and non-dark tourists. Natural disaster tourism (NDT), a subset of dark tourism, follows the similar research model, neglecting the influence of tourist types on experiences. This paper proposes a definition of dark tourists and categorizes visitors to NDT into dark and non-dark tourists according to whether they have special tourism needs, offering a novel perspective on the psychological dimensions of disaster tourism experiences. By integrating cognitive and affective psychological insights, this paper contributes to the theoretical understanding of dark tourism and conducts a structured questionnaire survey in Beichuan County and Yingxiu Town, providing empirical evidence for the different impact of tourist types on experience dimensions. The findings, particularly the emphasis on sympathy as the predominant emotional experience and the relatively lower significance of the educational dimension, highlight the need for enhanced interpretive resources at NDT to deepen visitors' cognitive engagement. This paper's academic contribution is its quantitative approach to understanding the nuances of dark tourism experiences, complementing qualitative research. Practically, it offers strategic insights for the respectful and educational presentation of NDT, ensuring that they serve as meaningful sites for reflection and learning.

Cyber Attacks in Extended Reality (XR) Using AI: Malicious Programs and Mitigation Strategies

The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and extended reality (XR) technologies, such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), has introduced new dimensions of immersive experiences. However, the combination of AI and XR has also created fertile ground for cybercriminals to exploit these advanced platforms. This paper explores the types of AI-driven malicious programs targeting XR systems, including AI-enhanced phishing, malware, deepfake avatars, ransomware, and behavioral manipulation. Additionally, it outlines strategies to mitigate these AI-driven cyberattacks, such as advanced threat detection, secure authentication mechanisms, regular security audits, user education, and AI-enhanced security solutions. As XR becomes increasingly integrated into daily life, understanding and addressing AI-driven cyber threats is crucial to ensure secure virtual environments.

It's not just a job: Meaningful work, self-stigma, and life satisfaction in people with visual impairment

Background Although employment has been positively linked to quality of life, recent theorising suggests the need for a broadened conceptualisation of paid work incorporating dimensions of subjective work experience as a key social determinant of life satisfaction in people with disabilities. There is also a need for further examination on the underlying mechanism between work and wellbeing outcomes amongst people with disabilities. Objective In this study, we put forth the concept of meaningful work, and examined its associations with self-stigma, and life satisfaction in people with visual impairment. Methods A total of 302 people with visual impairment completed a survey in Hong Kong. We analysed the data using linear regression and mediation analyses. Results We found that meaningful work was positively associated with life satisfaction and negatively associated with self-stigma. Self-stigma was negatively associated with life satisfaction and mediated the association between meaningful work and life satisfaction. Conclusions The findings showed that meaningful work is a positive and important social determinant of life satisfaction among people with visual impairment, while self-stigma serves as an underlying mechanism.