Dimensions Of Choice Research Articles

The Effect of Brand Personality and Social Media to Voting Behavior of Indonesia Presiden 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of brand personality of Jokowi and social media to voting behaviour of Indonesia president 2014. The methods of this research conducted with quantitative methods. This research uses quantitative method. In this study also built on a review of the theory and results of previous studies. The population of this study are students faculty of social science and political science at Riau Kepulauan university force 2011-2015 users of social media twitter and facebook. Based on sample drawing technique Krejcie and Morgan obtained sample of 165 samples and the scale used is likert. Hypothesis testing is done by using multiple regression with the help of computer software SPSS 19.0. This study looks at the influence of five dimensions of Jokowi brand personality, sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication, and ruggednes. Furthermore, this study also aims to identify the influence of social media twitter and facebook, and three dimensions of voting behavior that is sociological, psychological, and rational choice. The results of this study show the brand personality Jokowi in general categorized well with the dimension of brand personality the highest score is sincerity. Student voter behavior is generally categorized well with the rational choice dimension that has the highest score. Brand personality has a positive influence on voter behavior. Social media contribute significantly to voting behavior. In other words brand personality and social media together give influence to PP equal to 23.1% while the rest 63.9% voting behavior influenced by other factor which not discussed in this research.

A Dynamic Discrete Choice Activity-Based Travel Demand Model

This paper presents a dynamic discrete choice model (DDCM) for daily activity–travel planning. A daily activity–travel pattern is constructed from a sequence of decisions of when, where, why, and how to travel. Individuals’ preferences for activity–travel patterns are described by the sum of the utility of all travel and activity episodes in that pattern, but components of the utility functions, such as travel times, may be stochastic. In each decision stage, individuals act as if they maximized the expected utility of the remainder of the day. The DDCM-model presented allows for a detailed treatment of timing decision consistent with other choice dimensions, respects time–space constraints, and enables the inclusion of explicitly modeled uncertainties in, for example, travel time. In a case study, a model for daily planning of activity and travel on workdays is estimated whereby individuals can perform any number of trips that each is a combination of one of 1,240 locations, four modes, and six activities. Simulation results indicate that the model within sample accurately replicates timing decisions, trip lengths, and the distributions of the number of trips, tours, and trips per tour.

Modeling effects of travel time reliability on mode choice using cumulative prospect theory

This paper utilizes the well-known Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) to study how travel mode choice is affected by travel time reliability. Prospect Theory (PT) was originally developed to model decision making under risk, and later extended to CPT, which is also applicable to decision making under uncertainty. Travel time reliability is related to uncertainties in travel time, and its effect on travel behavior can be properly modeled using CPT. PT and CPT applications in transportation are mainly limited to experimental studies. This paper introduces a CPT-based framework for mode choice modeling using observational data. The framework can help travel demand modelers utilize CPT for modeling reliability in their trip-based or activity-based models, which are typically estimated from observational data (household travel surveys). To showcase model applications, the model parameters are estimated using a combination of revealed preference household travel survey data and empirically observed travel time data for a mode choice scenario in the Washington, D.C. area. We estimated the parameters of the utility function, the parameters of the CPT value function, and the parameters of the CPT weighting function and discussed how they imply diminishing sensitivity, risk-aversion in small probability losses, and risk-seeking in high-probability losses. The paper is focused on mode choice, but its extension to other choice dimensions is discussed.

Co-dependent workplace, residence and commuting mode choice: Results of a multi-dimensional mixed logit model with panel effects

An effective instrument of urban planning to alleviate congestion is to create a job-housing balance, which depends on the co-localisation of housing and labour. This study is based on the contention that in response to dramatic change in their decision individuals and households maximize the combined utility of housing, job and commuting trips as opposed to maximizing their utility of one of these domains, treating the other dimensions as given, as many models assume. To support this contention, a stated choice experiment was designed to mimic the multidimensional choice behaviour of interest. Instead of creating an experimental design that is the same for all respondents, we generated an efficient design in which attribute values were pivoted using the real-world data of individual respondents. Based on data collected in Shenyang, China, a Mixed Multinomial Logit (MMNL) model with panel effects which allows for unobserved heterogeneity in individual preferences, was estimated to capture the effects of different residential, job and commuting attributes on multidimensional choice, accounting for the panel nature of the data. Our findings indicate that, 1) Housing tenure, size, price, distance to the bus stop, and housing location are important housing characteristics that help explaining the residential mobility choice process. Salary, job type, co-worker relationships and job environment are significant factors in the job mobility choice process. 2) Time-related factors influence commute mode choice. Choice of public transportation modes is sensitive to commuting costs while car mode choice is not. 3) People are relatively satisfied with their current situation and do not frequently make changes. Furthermore, people are less inclined to move house relative to changing job. 4) Both unobserved heterogeneity and demographic characteristics affect the multiple dimensions of choice.

Time horizons in young people´s career narratives – strategies, temporal orientations and imagined parallel futures negotiated in local settings

ABSTRACT Substantial research has shown that changes in contemporary western societies have prolonged transitions from youth to adulthood and altered the conditions and timing of transitions in education, work and family formation. Thus, contemporary society is creating new temporal conditions with important implications for social institutions, organisation of education, work arrangements, and individual career choices. The presented study explores temporal dimensions of career choices and transitions in this context from perspectives of young people in a small town in Sweden. Three specific temporal questions are addressed: How are time horizons constructed in young peoples´ career narratives; in what ways do individual temporal strategies and orientations towards the past, present and future interact with opportunity structures and socio-geographic space; and how does locality influence these temporal constructions and interactions? There are three main conclusions. First, young people in the focal setting still maintained and constructed career strategies and life goals based on an ideal of linearity and long-term perspectives. Secondly, individual temporal orientations are intertwined with interpretations of local conditions, producing place-based temporalities. Thirdly, imagined parallel futures form a future planning horizon that incorporates multiple temporalities simultaneously.

Gender beliefs as a dimension of tactical choice: the ‘Take Back the Night’ march in Sweden

ABSTRACTTwo main explanations of tactical choice among social movements are repertoires of contention and characteristics of collective actors. Feminist theorizing suggests another dimension of tactical choice: the role of gender beliefs. This paper examines the relationship between these three explanations by drawing on a qualitative study that explored how activist groups in Sweden selected the ‘Take Back the Night’ (TBTN) march as a tactic. Begun in the 1970s, the TBTN march has been performed around the world, usually on central city streets at nighttime, to protest gender violence in spaces presumed to be gender neutral and safe for women. Our findings resulted in three themes that captured how activist groups selected it as a tactic: a routine performance in publicly visible urban settings, alignment with preferred forms of feminist organizing, and refusal of normalized fear and violence in the seemingly safe city. Each theme corresponded to one of the three explanations and shed light on a different dimension of tactical choice. We propose three heuristic tools for identifying these dimensions: making claims, enacting claims and reclaiming spaces. The different dimensions relate to distinct conceptions of power: centralized authority, movement agency and gender power relations respectively.

FUSING STEREO IMAGES INTO ITS EQUIVALENT CYCLOPEAN VIEW

Image fusion is a technique of intertwining at least two pictures of same scene to shape single melded picture which shows indispensable data in the melded picture. Picture combination system is utilized for expelling clamor from the pictures. Commotion is an undesirable material which crumbles the nature of a picture influencing the lucidity of a picture. Clamor can be of different kinds, for example, Gaussian commotion, motivation clamor, uniform commotion and so forth. Pictures degenerate some of the time amid securing or transmission or because of blame memory areas in the equipment. Picture combination should be possible at three dimensions, for example, pixel level combination, highlight level combination and choice dimension combination. There are essentially two kinds of picture combination methods which are spatial area combination systems and transient space combination procedures. (PCA) combination, Normal strategy, high pass sifting are spatial area techniques and strategies which incorporate change, for example, Discrete Cosine Transform, Discrete wavelet change are transient space combination strategies. There are different techniques for picture combination which have numerous favorable circumstances and detriments. Numerous procedures experience the ill effects of the issue of shading curios that comes in the intertwined picture shaped. Also, the Cyclopean One of the most astonishing properties of human stereo vision is the combination of the left and right perspectives of a scene into a solitary cyclopean one. Under typical survey conditions, the world shows up as observed from a virtual eye set halfway between the left and right eye positions. The apparent picture of the world is never recorded specifically by any tangible exhibit, however developed by our neural equipment. The term cyclopean alludes to a type of visual upgrades that is characterized by binocular dissimilarity alone. He suspected that stereo-psis may find concealed articles, this may be helpful to discover disguised items. The critical part of this examination when utilizing arbitrary dab stereo-grams was that uniqueness is adequate for stereo-psis, and where had just demonstrated that binocular difference was vital for stereo-psis.

Academic leaders’ response to the volatility of higher education: the influence of institutional logics

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to articulate the pressures faced by USA higher education leaders lived experiences and the relationship to problem definition, attention focus, and strategy choice. A conceptual Model of Strategy Choice by Higher Education Leaders is proposed to capture the dynamics between exogenous pressures and problems and leaders’ choice of strategy, and decision-making. The model addresses two social processes (sense-making and decision-making) associated with reproducing and altering institutional logics. The findings highlight distinctions between conventional, pre-transformative, and transformative leadership thinking and their association with different dimensions of problem definition, organizational learning, and strategy choice.

A Framework for Analyzing Legal Policy Towards Proxy Contests

In this paper, we develop a framework for analyzing the desirable legal policy towards proxy contests and apply this framework to assess the rules governing the allocation of costs in proxy contests. Proxy rules affect efficiency in three ways: they influence who will engage in proxy contests, they have an impact on who wins proxy contests, and they affect ex ante managerial behavior. Taking these effects into account, we examine how the three main dimensions of choice in the design of proxy rules - success contingency, neutrality, and the level of reimbursement - can be varied to make allocation rules more efficient. We conclude that the present rules, which provide full reimbursement to incumbents but reimburse challengers only if they gain control of the company, should be modified in three ways: to give incumbents less than full compensation and make it contingent on success, to make challenger compensation contingent on the fraction of votes received rather than on whether they gain board control, and to provide for more generous compensation to challengers in contests over matters other than the election of directors. We further argue that companies should be free to adopt rules more favorable to challengers, and less favorable to incumbents, than the standard proxy rules; however, companies should be restrained from opting for rules favoring incumbents over challengers.

15 years of the Baltic States membership in EU: problems, perspectives and experience for Ukraine

The article highlights the key provisions of the study of the results ofBaltic Statesmembership in the European Union. Analyzing the geopolitical dimension of European choice, the authors presented a brief discourse of the challenges that arose during the restoration of independence ofLatvia,LithuaniaandEstonia. The factors of the European choice of these countries, which consisted of security, economic and social dimensions, were considered.The security factor of the European vector of politics was actualized in the desire of political elites to withdraw countries from the sphere of influence ofRussia. In the economic view, countries sought reorientation of economies to Western markets and incorporation into the architecture of trade relations of developed countries of the European Union.It is noted that thanks to the Euro-Atlantic foreign policy vector and the strict fulfillment of the membership criteria, the Baltic States received access to preferential lending, assistance programs to candidate countries and managed to form one of the most attractive investment climate inEastern Europe.Using key statistical indicators of the World Bank, Eurostat resource, analytical materials from leading audit company KPMG, key economic indicators are analyzed: GDP (in PPP) dynamics compared to other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, wages and retirement benefits. The consideration of economic gains from EU membership is complemented by an analysis of the structure of GDP and the study of the industry specification.The losses from the process of European integration, which consisted of: significant reduction of industrial production, unprofitability of agriculture, emigration of the population aged 25 to 35 years, were also identified.The attitude of residents to EU membership has been studied using the results of the annual surveys of the European service "Eurobarometer". It was found that in 2018, the positive attitude of residents ofLatvia,LithuaniaandEstoniadid not actually change compared to 2004. The charts available in the article also allow us to determine that the level of euroskepticism in the countries in question has not significantly changed compared to the first year of membership in the EU.The authors propose algorithms for taking Ukraine into account the experience of the Baltic States on the path to full membership.94(4)+ (442)63-6

Pushing for Empowerment

The birth plan has become an increasingly institutionalized tool of Western birth practices, used both in medicalized and midwifery settings. Limited empirical research has been done on the efficacy of birth plans in achieving a commonly-ascribed goal: empowering women in their birth experiences. Still, less work has been done on the ethical dimensions of birth plans. As such, this tool has become nearly ubiquitous in birthing practices, yet they warrant further reflection. In this paper, I articulate the ethical goals of writing birth plans. I frame the birth plan as a narrative project: one that women are encouraged to write out, after careful consideration, as a kind of story that articulates the values, experiences, and relationships that are most important to shaping their experience of a “good birth.” Given the importance of the birth experience for many women, birth plans are ethical projects that the attempt to reframe and improve the deeper political dimensions of birth and patient choice. Birth plans are meant to structure the experience, guide women’s understanding of the process, and foster important clinical relationships. In this way, they are similar to advance directives, which are written to shape successful end-of-life care. Yet, the success of birth plans as tool for this ethical work is questionable. This tool aiming at women’s empowerment and ethical self-reflection often sets women up for a kind of ethical injury, in the attempt to avoid unwanted physical harms of labor and delivery. Birth plans are not legally binding, despite how they are framed as pseudo-contracts. Instead of resisting the challenges of a medicalized birth and to be empowered agreements, birth plans often set women up to fail, often aiming at unreasonable expectations. In my argument, I ask to identify for whom the birth plan works, and in which ways the birth plan experience can be improved. Finally, I address how the failure to give birth plans uptake during emergencies often undermines the patient-physician relationship, working against the primary goal of empowerment.

Free Belief: The Medieval Heritage in Kant’s Moral Faith

I argue that insofar as Kant describes faith as a free-choice, he is aligned with the medieval tradition, and with his own sources that mediate this heritage (in particular, Leibniz and Locke). The medieval tradition consistently, affirmatively, and systematically invokes freedom and the will, with reference to belief in God, without such a dimension of choice implying any deflation in the degree of commitment to this belief. However, in clarifying that the movement of the will involves “human freedom” alone, without divine action, Kant departs from this tradition. Such divine action, Kant is convinced, would destroy genuine human freedom. This conviction is the source of Kant’s repeated insistence that grace follows rather than precedes moral conversion. It is on this point concerning human freedom and grace that Kant departs from the medieval tradition, rather than with his claim that we choose to believe in God.

A socio-spatial dimension of career choices in veterinary education

ABSTRACTIn this article we report the outcomes of a study on career choices of rural veterinary students during the educational process. In accordance with social representations theory, we studied how the representational project that students build during their curriculum is influenced by the socio-spatial elements of their biography (including childhood and work locations). To do this we designed a quantitative survey (N = 1508) using an approach incorporating multiple methodologies. Our results highlight a network organisation of rural veterinarian job representation with a socio-spatial dimension of rural areas. We recommend that career guidance counsellors take into account the socio-spatial dimension of the life course in order to help students with their professional choices.

Corporate debt maturity profiles

We study a novel aspect of a firm’s capital structure, namely, the profile of its debt maturity dates. In a simple theoretical framework we show that the dispersion of debt maturities constitutes an important dimension of capital structure choice, driven by firm characteristics and debt rollover risk. Guided by these predictions we establish two main empirical results. First, using an exogenous shock to rollover risk, we document a significant increase in maturity dispersion for firms that need to roll over maturing debt. Second, we find strong support that maturities of newly issued debt are influenced by pre-existing maturity profiles.

Fuel choice and fuel demand elasticities in markets with flex-fuel vehicles

The purchase of multifuel vehicles (MFVs) has been incentivized by policies across the globe. Such vehicles are able to operate on more than one source of energy, so they introduce fuel (or energy) choice as one additional dimension consumers decide about. As fuels differ in terms of carbon emissions, this choice has environmental effects. Using 12 years of monthly Swedish data, here I show that the majority of MFV drivers purchase petrol when it is priced at parity with ethanol. Through policy simulations, I document that fossil fuel taxes have limited success in making drivers switch to alternative fuels and can generate economic distortions. The findings question the cost-effectiveness of programmes to incentivize the purchase of MFVs that ignore the fuel choice dimension and highlight the importance of accounting for fuel choice in the analysis of public policy and emerging technologies.

Price and perceived product quality: a comparison of denim jeans in three price categories

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare a set of product specifications to evaluate appearance and performance characteristics of denim jeans at three price categories, and identify any relationships between price and product quality.Design/methodology/approachThis research is as a quasi-experimental laboratory study. The product specifications of jeans are identified. Next, the appearance and performance characteristics of jeans are examined initially and after one and five repeated laundering cycles. The data are analyzed within and between each price category to identify any possible relationship between price and product quality.FindingsThe price category of jeans does not necessarily reflect different dimensions of product quality. Although higher priced jeans had superior product specifications and visual appearance, they did not show superior performance with respect to all elements of fit, durability, and color performance when these three factors were measured through laboratory testing.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of this study from a research perspective include a small sample size, gender-focused sample selection. and the focus on only three retail categories. These limitations impact the generalizability of the results but could serve as a basis for similar studies. The evaluated product quality attributes were limited to intrinsic/measurable characteristics. Future studies should consider the extrinsic attributes of quality, especially as they are related to consumer’s purchasing decision.Practical implicationsRetailers in moderate and budget price categories can benefit from educating consumers about the quality attributes of jeans that would ultimately influence their post-purchase experience and are not necessarily related to the product’s price category. Educators can use this information to assist in teaching students about the multiple dimensions of materials and assembly choices, and how this will impact their final products as they are learning the apparel product development process.Originality/valueThe focus of this study on the quantification of intrinsic product attributes is unique and provides measurable data for product evaluation by consumer researchers and industry. The results of this research identify the strengths and weaknesses in the appearance and performance characteristics of jeans in different price categories, and how those may affect consumers’ purchase intention.

Fitting in or Feeling Excluded: The Experiences of High School Students with Visual Impairments

Introduction This study compares the experiences of high school students with visual impairments (that is, those who are blind or have low vision) in and out of school. Methods Twelve visually impaired high school students completed the same in-the-moment survey seven times daily for seven consecutive days. The frequencies of their activities, interactions, and ratings of internal variables (fitting in, acceptance, loneliness, and enjoyment) were compared across three contexts: home, school, and other (neither home nor school) contexts. Results Participants spent much of their time out of school alone at home. They rated leisure and structured recreation in “other” locations as their most enjoyable activities. Doing nothing at school was the least positively rated activity. Participants fitted in significantly less and felt significantly less accepted at school than elsewhere. A large proportion of school interactions involved receiving help; few involved giving help. Participants with additional disabilities reported more school social challenges than their peers who were only visually impaired. Discussion and implications for practitioners This study highlights the subjective dimensions of choice in everyday life. The social impact of doing nothing at school provides an imperative for staff members to ensure that adolescents with visual impairments can participate in lessons. Staff may also need to facilitate opportunities for these students to reciprocate with peers. Adolescents with visual impairments highly value activities with friends out of home and, as with most adolescents, may need to lean on their families for assistance in this area until they can participate in such activities independently.

A new flexible multiple discrete–continuous extreme value (MDCEV) choice model

Traditional multiple discrete–continuous (MDC) models generally predict the continuous consumption quantity component reasonably component well, but not necessarily the discrete choice component. In this paper, we propose, for the first time, a new flexible closed-form MDCEV model that breaks the tight linkage between the discrete and continuous choice dimensions of the traditional MDC models. We do so by (1) employing a linear utility function of consumption for the first outside good (which removes the continuous consumption quantity of the outside good from the discrete consumption decision, and also helps in forecasting), and (2) using separate baseline utilities for the discrete and continuous consumption decisions. In the process of proposing our new formulation, we also revisit two issues related to the traditional MDC model. The first relates to clarification regarding the identification of the scale parameter of the error terms, and the second relates to the probability of the discrete choice component of the traditional MDC model (that is, the multivariate probability of consumption or not of the alternatives). We show why the scale parameter of the error terms is indeed estimable when a γ-profile is used, as well as show how one may develop a closed-form expression for the discrete choice consumption probability. The latter contribution also presents a methodology to estimate pure multiple discrete choice models without the need for information on the continuous consumptions. Finally, we also develop forecasting procedures for our new MDC model structure.We demonstrate an application of the proposed model to the case of time-use of individuals. In a comparative empirical assessment of the fit from the proposed model and from the traditional MDCEV models, our proposed model performs better in terms of better predicting both the discrete outcome data as well as the continuous consumptions.

The decision-making capacity of elderly hospitalized patients: validation of a test on their choice of return home.

Elderly hospitalized patients have uncertain or questionable capacity to make decisions about their care. Determining whether an elderly patient possesses decision-making capacity to return at home is a major concern for geriatricians in everyday practice. To construct and internally validate a new tool, the dream of home test (DROM-test), as support for decision making hospitalization discharge destination for the elderly in the acute or sub-acute care setting. The DROM-test consists of 10 questions and 4 vignettes based upon the 4 relevant criteria for decision-making: capacity to understand information, to appreciate and reason about medical risks and to communicate a choice. A prospective observational study was conducted during 6 months in 2 geriatric care units in Bretonneau Hospital (Assistance publique, Hôpitaux de Paris). We compared the patient decision of DROM-test regarding discharge recommendations with those of an Expert committee and of the team in charge of the patient. 102 were included: mean age 83.1 + 6.7 [70; 97], 66.67% females. Principal components analysis revealed four dimensions: choice, understanding, reasoning and understanding. The area under the ROC curve was 0.64 for the choice dimension, 0.59 for the understanding, 0.53 for the reasoning and 0.52 for the apprehension. Only the choice dimension was statistically associated with the decision of the committee of experts (p=0.017). Even though Drom-test has limitations, it provides an objective way to ascertain decision-making capacity for hospitalised elderly patients.

Context Dependence in Speed Dating: An Empirical Test of Relative Thinking

Context influences decision making. However, evidence on the specific underlying mechanism is scarce. Since context dependence in decision making may impact consumers, firms and political agenda setters, exploring the precise mechanism through which choices are distorted is imperative. This paper provides evidence that expanding the utility range of one choice dimension leads decision makers to attach less weight to this attribute, in line with the notion of relative thinking. Context dependence is more pronounced if evaluators are female and survives extensive robustness checks. Implications for policy are discussed.