Design Dimensions Research Articles

Experiments in supply chain management research: A systematic review and future directions

AbstractThe supply chain management discipline has seen a tremendous growth in the use of experimental methods. Given the large number of published studies, the time seems opportune to systematically review the use of such approaches. In this note, we consider multiple dimensions of experimental design used in articles published in six of our premier journals. We present these findings and contemplate opportunities for future applications of experimental methods. In particular, we highlight a need to more regularly conduct and report on the results of power analyses and experimental checks, more carefully contemplate the justification and use of WEIRD (Western, educated, industrial, rich, and democratic) participants, develop and test mediated theoretical models, and increase our focus on teams as the unit of analysis when using experimental methods.

The aesthetics of robot design: towards a classification of morphologies

AbstractRobots are becoming increasingly prevalent in the workplace. As Industry 5.0 pursues human-centric technologies, a greater understanding of what effects aesthetics has on those interacting with robots is needed. This paper sets out robot morphology as a way to characterise key form types, and proposes seven classifications: anthropomorphism, zoomorphism, phytomorphism, artemorphism, functiomorphism, amorphism, and neomorphism. Through an assessment of the current robot aesthetic landscape, design dimensions are identified with examples that can inform future robot design.

Evaluation of Peruvian Geological Properties in the Dimensional Design of Cantilever Walls

Evaluation of Peruvian Geological Properties in the Dimensional Design of Cantilever Walls

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ДИЗЕЛЬНОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ

The current problem of operating automotive equipment at low temperatures associated with the loss of diesel fuel’s properties (reducing the cloud point and crystallization of the fuel) is being considered, resulting in equipment failures due to failure of the power system and direct freezing of the fuel in the tubes, paraffin deposition leading to clogging of fuel filters. Domestic automotive vehicles do not have any effective means of heating diesel fuel, which forces drivers operating equipment in harsh climatic conditions to use their own individual developments. For these purposes, a device has been developed that allows you to heat all the diesel fuel poured into the fuel tank. The drive of the device (fuel priming pump) is proposed to be electric (from a linear electric motor), from the vehicle's on-board network, the type of pump used is piston, double-acting. A comprehensive calculation of the fuel priming pump is presented in order to determine its main characteristics and design dimensions. A schematic diagram of the installation of the developed device and all elements in the diesel engine power system is presented. The implementation of the proposed technical solution was carried out in the power system of the YaMZ-238 diesel engine installed on a load stand under conditions of its operation in low temperatures (the Far North, etc.). The obtained results of tests on a bench engine confirm the relevance of the research and showed that the use of the developed technical solution will allow heating all the diesel fuel poured into the car tank to a temperature of plus 50 °C, thereby eliminating the possibility of its crystallization and cloudiness and, in general, reducing the number of vehicle failures. techniques related to this problem.

PERAN DESAIN PEKERJAAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS KINERJA KARYAWAN DI ERA DIGITALISASI

In the era of continuous digitalization, job design has emerged as a key factor in enhancing employee performance effectiveness. This literature review explores the role of job design in the new context of a workplace transformed by technology. With a focus on how digitalization can be both an enabler and a disruptor, this article synthesizes recent research to identify the most substantial elements of job design that influence employee performance. The study includes an analysis of job design dimensions such as autonomy, task variety, task identity, and feedback, all of which have been disrupted by digital changes. By combining various theories and empirical studies, this article proposes a comprehensive framework that integrates classic job design principles with the demands and opportunities created by the digital era. The findings indicate that progressive adaptation of job design can strengthen employee engagement and organizational resilience to change. Furthermore, this article identifies research gaps and recommends directions for future studies on job design in an ever-changing technological era. In conclusion, a deep understanding of the interaction between job design and performance effectiveness in a digital context is essential for the development of responsive and sustainable human resource strategies.

Carbon Generalized System of Preferences (CGSP) programs: Key design dimensions and attitudes of potential participants

The Carbon Generalized System of Preferences (CGSP) is a tool that employs monetary or non-monetary incentives to promote sustainable behaviors. While CGSP pilot programs have been initiated, its main design dimensions and people’s preferences for these dimensions remain unexplored. This study developed a two-stage framework to summarize key components of the CGSP’s design and delve into participants’ preferences for various CGSP designs. Our findings indicate that individuals aged over 30, with comparatively higher incomes, and living within smaller households, tend to exhibit tendencies towards high-emission travel. Regarding interviewees’ preferences for the key design dimensions of the CGSP, a unanimous consensus emerges that the government should play a leading role in CGSP development. While divergences exist, most interviewees lean towards CGSP programs being voluntary in nature, city-level in scope, and possessing mid-term billing cycles (monthly to semi-annually). Attitudes towards monetary incentives display significant variation among interviewees, with those working in the transportation industry generally exhibiting a greater affinity for non-monetary incentives. The majority of interviewees express comfort with personal information collection for the CGSP, particularly among potential low-emission travelers. This study provides valuable insights for designing and promoting CGSP mechanisms.

РОЗРОБКА ЕКСПЕРТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ДЛЯ ВИБОРУ СТИЛЮ ОДЯГУ НА ОСНОВІ KANSEI ENGINEERING

This research is devoted to implementation of the expert systems for rapid change in production of women's outerwear. Factorial analysis and the cluster analysis are used for the structuring of the subject environment. Analysis of the emotional component of the garment on the basis of KE can be achieved through cluster analysis. Such an approach will identify models of clothes based on perception and emotional needs of the consumer. Thus, the main goal of the study was achieved by forming decision-making rules aimed at solving the sub-task of selecting ready-to-wear models based on the Kansei Engineering methodology. The analysis and identification of the formed database of photos of ready-made clothing models was carried out by means of cluster analysis of intergroup relations using the Euclidean distance, which allows for the identification of conditional groups of relatedness of products by design attributes. The obtained final centers of the clusters together with the information about the color solution of the clothing models allowed us to build a product model of an expert system for choosing clothing that meets the formulated wishes of the target consumer. The object of the study is the women's fashion dresses in spring-summer 2023 season. Thus, a general collection was formed which amounted to 66 photos of fashion dresses for subsequent questionnaire. Work with the software product takes place in the form of a dialogue in the form of consecutive system questions and user answers. The developed system can be used both for the selection of ready-made clothes (for example, in stores, including online stores), and for the selection of a prototype for the development of a new model of clothing that meets the aesthetic needs of the consumers.

The associations of built environments with public bike use for metro commuters

ABSTRACT This research addressed two questions: (1) what are the associations of built environments with public bike use, and (2) how different are the associations among sociodemographic groups? The study sampled commuters entering or leaving the metro stations in Xinyi District, Taipei, Taiwan. Their mode choices of connecting trips between trip origins/destinations and metro stations were analyzed using logit and latent class models. Empirical evidence revealed that attributes of density, diversity, distance to transit, and distribution of rental stations result in more significant effects on public bike use than attributes of design and destination accessibility in general. The three segments of respondents that indicated partially dissimilar associations of built environments with public bike use were identified. The empirical results contributed new evidence to the study issues and benefited the development of customized strategies based on travelers’ sociodemographic attributes and built environments for promoting public bike use.

3D Printed Architectured silicone composites containing a UV-curable rheological modifier with tailorable structural collapse

3D printed silicones, combining the unique physiochemical performances of silicones with the attractive design freedom of additive manufacturing, have aroused intensive interest from academia and industry owing to their attractive applications. Direct writing (DW) was the most used method to enable the 3D printing of silicones, but it was limited by its conflicting rheological requirements. Herein, we present novel design of an ultraviolet (UV)-thermal dual-cure ink for UV assisted DW of silicone composites. A UV curable rheological modifier was key to the ink design, which would not only increase the ink viscosity and yield stress substantially at low contents, but also further enhance its shape-retaining capability during printing by UV-assisted curing. As a result, challenging structures with good mechanical performances and isotropy were printable. Interestingly, the degree of structural collapse for the product could be controlled by tailoring the printing parameters, which proved to be a new design dimension for property manipulation of 3D-printed cellular architectures. Rheology of the inks and boundary conditions for structural collapse were discussed in detail. This work will open new opportunities for the development of 3D-printed silicones with customized architectures and tailored performances.

Motivation through a gamified experience

Teachers must utilize the pedagogical potential of the various gamification technologies that can support learning achievement when derived from the ARCS motivational paradigm. The goal of the current pre-experimental study is to determine how students' ARCS motivation is affected when gamified online resources are used. There was a population of 457 Peruvian secondary school students, and a statistical sample of a probabilistic nature, made up of 209 students. The Motivation Survey on Didactic Materials (IMMS) was used as an instrument, based on the ARCS motivational model approach; with the dimensions of attention, relevance, trust, and satisfaction, this instrument was adapted and validated. After the intervention, it was found that the majority of students managed to reach a high motivational level in the post-test. In addition, positive results were found in all dimensions of the ARCS motivational design because they all reached an increase in their levels. However, the satisfaction and relevance dimensions achieved further development, reaching a high level. Keywords: ARCS motivation; gamification tools; IMMS; Keller model.

High-dimensional aerodynamic shape optimization framework using geometric domain decomposition and data-driven support strategy for wing design

Traditional aerodynamic shape optimization methods usually suffer from difficulties in optimization and modeling for high-dimensional aerodynamic optimization problems. To overcome these difficulties, a new high-dimensional aerodynamic shape optimization framework is proposed from the perspectives of geometric domain decomposition for dimensionality reduction and a data-driven model support strategy for changing the role of surrogate model and assisting the optimizer. Geometric domain decomposition uses proper orthogonal decomposition to transform the high-dimensional Class-Shape Function Transformation method into low-dimensional geometric modes to reduce design dimensions for parameterizing the geometric shape, which reduces optimization and modeling difficulties. Also, a data-driven support strategy is proposed to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the optimizer by learning from historical aerodynamic data; this strategy modifies the role of surrogate model in the optimization framework to assist the optimizer; the surrogate model, serving as an auxiliary role, can reduce the dependence on model accuracy, which overcomes the difficulty of high-dimensional modeling to some extent. We applied the developed framework to transonic drag reduction of wings to validate its performance. The optimization results show that the developed framework converges faster and offers better designs compared to direct optimization and state-of-the-art surrogate-based optimization frameworks for high-dimensional aerodynamic shape optimization.

Experimental and numerical investigation into the local scour of bridge cofferdam with anti-scour ribs

Cofferdam is widely employed in the construction of underwater bridge foundations. Its crucial attribute lies in providing a dedicated platform for construction activities and enhancing the water resistance dimensions in structural design, consequently amplifying local scour. However, previous research on local scour has seldom investigated the effect of construction facilities on the life cycle development of local scour on foundations. This gap has led to a misunderstanding of protective strategies against local scour throughout the construction period. In this paper, a scour experiment platform was implemented with a unidirectional flume. Physical model experiments were conducted to scrutinize the protective impact of anti-scour rib structures against local scour. The experimentally determined scour depth was compared to assess the performance of the anti-scour rib protection system. Oblique photogrammetry was subsequently used to capture the morphology of the equilibrium scour pit in the experiments. The associated topographical data were imported into Fluent commercial fluid software for in-depth flow field analysis. A numerical flume model was established to examine the hydraulic characteristics under two distinct topographical conditions: a smooth riverbed during the initial stage of scour and a scoured riverbed at the equilibrium stage of scour. To further determine the protective mechanism of anti-scour rib protection, the influence of anti-scour rib protection on shear stress was investigated numerically. Analyses revealed that incorporating scour protection ribs during cofferdam construction alters the flow field characteristics, hindering the downward movement of subsurface flow beneath the structure, reducing bed shear stress, and consequently mitigating scour effects. The instantaneous protective effect of scour protection ribs strengthens as the scour topography develops. The protective effectiveness of scour protection ribs was mainly influenced by rib length, spacing, and shape.

Functionalized wide-bandgap photoanode via dimensional design using amine fluoride salt to maximize the performance of perovskite solar cells

For Wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs), severe open-circuit voltage loss (Vloss) and device stability limit its photovoltaic performance. Dimensional design has been considered as a potential way to construct more efficient perovskite photoanodes. Herein, this article introduces 3-(trifluoromethyl) phenethylamine hydroiodide (CF3PEAI) to form dimensionally graded perovskite film was fabricated with 2D (two dimensional) CF3PEA2PbI4 forming on the 3D(three dimensional) perovskite layer. Studies have found that the deposited 2D perovskite can effectively regulate the energy level with minimized mismatch. Besides the functional groups in CF3PEAI can deactivate varieties of traps in perovskite through various interactions such as coordination of I- with Pb2+, hydrogen bonding of CF3 with formamidine, and ionic interactions of NH3+ with lead halide anions, thereby reducing the charge carrier recombination at the interface, and promoting the hole transfer from perovskite to Spiro-OMeTAD. Consequently, the resulting WBG perovskite(1.75 eV) system obtained a high open-circuit voltage of 1.29 V, with power conversion efficiency (PCE) increased from 16.12% to 18.70%. In addition, the wet stability of the WBG PSCs is significantly improved due to the fluorination effect of 2D perovskite for isolating water and oxygen.

Study on operational temperature of magneto-rheological fluid and design dimensions of magneto-rheological damper for optimization

This study aims to restrict the upper limit for flow gap and effective length in magnetorheological (MR) damper for optimal performance. Initially, the sedimentation study of in-house MR fluid (25%) shows that an 8% reduction in the sedimentation ratio with the addition of additive and nonlinear Herschel-Bulkley (HB) model fit reflects a 32.5% decrease in average yield stress with increasing currents when the parallel plate gap is increased from 1 mm to 2 mm. Owing to this decrease in yield stress, further study is extended to fabricate two MR dampers with limit values (LV) of flow gap and effective length with a common magnetic outer cylinder. Testing results of MR dampers revealed a 72% reduction in damping force at 0.8 A current when the LV’s is increased from LV-1 to LV-2. Selecting LV-1 over LV-2 as the upper limit for any design optimization will give the MR damper optimal performance. At higher input parameters, amplitude has a 135% greater impact on damping force than frequency and current. It is also demonstrated that saturation magnetization depends on the applied magnetic field and input loading parameters. Finally, gravimetric analysis shows that the effectiveness of the MR fluid and magnetic particle starts to decline after 322 °C and 400 °C.

Equitable infrastructure: Achieving resilient systems and restorative justice through policy and research innovation.

Recent major investments in infrastructure in the United States and globally present a crucial opportunity to embed equity within the heart of resilient infrastructure decision-making. Yet there is a notable absence of frameworks within the engineering and scientific fields for integrating equity into planning, design, and maintenance of infrastructure. Additionally, whole-of-government approaches to infrastructure, including the Justice40 Initiative, mimic elements of process management that support exploitative rather than exploratory innovation. These and other policies risk creating innovation traps that limit analytical and engineering advances necessary to prioritize equity in decision-making, identification and disruption of mechanisms that cause or contribute to inequities, and remediation of historic harms. Here, we propose a three-tiered framework toward equitable and resilient infrastructure through restorative justice, incremental policy innovation, and exploratory research innovation. This framework aims to ensure equitable access and benefits of infrastructure, minimize risk disparities, and embrace restorative justice to repair historical and systemic inequities. We outline incremental policy innovation and exploratory research action items to address and mitigate risk disparities, emphasizing the need for community-engaged research and the development of equity metrics. Among other action items, we recommend a certification system-referred to as Social, Environmental, and Economic Development (SEED)-to train infrastructure engineers and planners and ensure attentiveness to gaps that exist within and dynamically interact across each tier of the proposed framework. Through the framework and proposed actions, we advocate for a transformative vision for equitable infrastructure that emphasizes the interconnectedness of social, environmental, and technical dimensions in infrastructure planning, design, and maintenance.

Advancing understanding of learning experience design: refining and clarifying definitions using an eDelphi study approach

We report findings from an eDelphi study that aimed to explore 16 expert panelists’ perspectives regarding the key attributes of learning experience design (LXD) as it relates to the following: design, disciplines, methods, and theory. Findings suggest consensus was reached regarding LXD’s focus on learner-centrism and incorporating human-centered design practices to design learning environments. LXD practitioners adapt methods and theories from fields such as human–computer interaction and user experience. Implications suggest a need to develop specific methods and theories within our own field.

Exploring the Consumer Acceptance of Circular Housing from the Perspective of SOR Theory

The reconstruction of residences has led to an increase in the use of single-use materials in the construction industry. In the context of the circular economy, with the implementation of circular housing from a cradle-to-cradle perspective, the field of housing construction is changing rapidly. Innovation and sharing improve the consumer experience and increase consumers’ purchase intention. This research integrates design attributes, sharing attributes, perceived value, and affective value to study the impact of circular housing on acceptance and identification. The framework of SOR theory framework is used to analyze the predictive factors of consumer intention. The results emphasize that emotional responses in terms of affective value, perceived value, and social equity are the most prominent. This research also utilizes the KJ method. The research methods include a literature review, field observations, expert interviews, questionnaire surveys, and triangulation validation. Moreover, this research uses PLS-SEM to analyze the data of 568 participants. The structural analysis shows that consumers’ acceptance and identification of circular housing are strongly influenced by social equity. A total of 16 out of 17 hypotheses are established, with eight partial mediating effects, including the mediating role of social equity. Perceived value is found to affect consumers’ cognition and attitudes Perceived value and design attributes, as well as these factors combined, influence consumer acceptance and identification. This research provides strategies to enhance the design of circular housing and promote its development. This research explores the relationship between consumers’ acceptance and identification of circular design and the development of circular housing. It first establishes a structural model based on the SOR theory. Adding the mental map of interview results to the model, the results of this research analyzes the design attribute value, and the SEM-PLS analysis influences highlights the identification and acceptance of circular housing.

Ray’s Theory of Transcultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health Care: A Significant Cultural Resource

The aim of this article is to present the theoretical model with the description of Ray’s theory of Transcultural Caring Dynamics in Nursing and Health Care. The theory is a significant cultural resource to address issues related to sociocultural determinants of health; contemporary issues of diversity, inclusivity, equity, and social justice; and the health challenges emerging in the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Ray’s five-part dimensional theoretical design (caring, transcultural caring ethics, transcultural organizational phenomena, and universal sources [religious values and traditions]) facilitates awareness, understanding, and choice to meet the transcultural caring needs of all people.

A Novel Hole System Dimension Analysis Tool Based on the Combination of the Process Path and Design Path

In the calculation of process dimensions in the machining of porous parts, the traditional method is complicated in the establishment of the dimensional chain, it is easy to make mistakes in the judgment of increasing and decreasing loops, and there is difficulty in the calculation process; thus, this paper puts forward a method that combines the process path with the design path to analyze the hole system dimensions in response to these problems. First of all, the combination of the process path and design path is used to establish a system of vector equations and, according to the system of vector equations, to establish a matrix model to calculate the process dimensions based on the system of vector equations to construct the process dimensional chain and the dimensional chain function; then, the principle of differentiation is used to carry out a tolerance analysis of the process dimensions, which avoids the drawing of dimensional chain diagrams and the judgement of the incremental/decremental loops. Finally, the development of a process dimension analysis tool for hole system dimensions is completed based on CATIA CAA. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the analysis tool was used to solve the three labeling methods of the hole system dimensions of porous parts and compared with the results calculated using the traditional method, and it was found that some of the tolerance results obtained by the proposed method were enlarged by about 50%, which is more in line with the actual production situation. Finally, in order to verify the accuracy of the tool’s calculation results, three porous parts were machined according to the process dimensions and tolerances calculated by the tool, and the center distance of each hole was measured by a coordinate meter. These measurements were compared and analyzed with the design dimensions specified in the engineering drawings, and it was found that the center distances of the holes were in full compliance with the design requirements.

Abstract LB043: VBC101-F11: An innovative EGFR/cMet bispecific antibody drug conjugate (ADC) targeting key oncogenic drivers in solid tumors

Abstract EGFR and cMet are two classic growth factor receptors frequently co-expressed in solid tumors at significantly high levels, while only limited to moderate expression in normal tissues. Beyond their co-expression patten, the aberrant or over expression in their pathway are implicated in oncogenesis. Notably, MET pathway activation either through increased cMet expression or its ligand, is often associated with resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Therefore, the interplay between EGFR and cMet, coupled with their differential expression in tumors versus normal tissue substantiates the rationale for a bispecific approach that targets both receptors to enhance tumor specificity. VBC101-F11 is a bispecific anti-EGFR/cMet ADC engineered to deliver clinically validated cytotoxic agents to tumor cells with a drug-to antibody ratio (DAR) of 4. This innovative design distinguishes VBC101-F11 from other EGFR/cMet-targeting agents on the market or in clinical trials (ABBV399 or AZD9592), optimizing both efficacy and safety. 1. VBC101-F11 features a low-affinity EGFR arm coupled with a high-affinity cMet arm. Incorporating the low-affinity EGFR arm enhances binding avidity and internalization, resulting in a superior cytotoxicity with a 5-fold improvement in IC50 compared to ABBV-399 (targeting cMet only). This nuanced EGFR arm design ensures a reduction in EGFR-related off-target toxicity in normal tissues. 2. The biparatopic design in cMet arm further underscores our strategic rationale by demonstrating a synergistic effect in terms of binding, internalization, and functional blocking with a 10-fold improvement in EC50 compared to the monospecific parental antibodies that target a single epitope. This ensures VBC101-F11’s maximized efficacy in tumor cells. 3. VBC101-F11’s innovative nanobody-based format sets our molecule apart. Living imaging data in mouse model reveals that VBC101-F11 (90kD) achieves superior tumor penetration and accumulation from 1 hour to over 90 hours surpassing the mAb ABBV399 and bispecific antibody AZD9592, both at 150kD. 4. VBC101-F11 has demonstrated outstanding molecular developability in stress tests, particularly in human and non-human primate (NHP) plasma, where both the antibody component and the entire ADC molecule exhibit remarkable stability, positioning VBC101-F11 as a viable candidate for future Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (CMC) development. 5. In in vivo CDX models using various lung cancer cell lines, VBC101-F11 equipped with MMAE warhead displayed a marked superiority in tumor growth inhibition (TGI of 60% vs. 17%) at a single dose of 3mg/kg compared to MMAE conjugating ADC ABBV-399. Further payload exploration, such as DNA replication inhibitor, has also yielded promising results, with VBC101-F11-new payload showing comparable efficacy to the same class ADC AZD9592 in models with low EGFR and high cMet expression (100% TGI) and in those with moderate EGFR/cMet expression (~ 60% TGI). In summary, VBC101-F11, with unique design and distinguished attributes, has demonstrated its remarkable potential in the landscape of anti-EGFR/cMet therapies. The encouraging efficacy observed in preclinical models supports the molecule’s advancement into clinical development, positioning it as a best-in-class bispecific ADC for treating tumors in patients. Citation Format: Wei (Vivian) Wang, Jing Li, Lin Ma, Man Xu, Qun Yin. VBC101-F11: An innovative EGFR/cMet bispecific antibody drug conjugate (ADC) targeting key oncogenic drivers in solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr LB043.