Dimension Of Class Research Articles

Evaluation of tongue posture & dimensions in relation to skeletal Class I and Class II patterns- A cephalometric study

Association of tongue posture with dental and facial skeletal pattern have been suggested in past. This study was undertaken to assess tongue posture and dimensions in Class I and Class II Dentoskeletal patterns to determine whether any correlation exists between tongue posture and skeletal pattern of an individual. Cephalograms of 150 individuals (aged 18-23 years), taken in Natural Head Position (NHP) and tongue at rest were divided into three groups i.e. Group 1 – Class I Normal occlusion, Group 2 – Class II Division 1 Normodivergent and Group 3 – Class II Division 1 Hypodivergent, consisting of 50 samples each. To ensure the rest position of tongue, patient was asked to relax for 30 seconds after coating the tongue with barium sulphate in midline and then to swallow, and the X-ray was taken at the end of swallowing. Each group was divided into two subgroups according to sex. Groups were constituted according to the Frankfort mandibular plane angle (FMA) angle. The subjects who had skeletal Class II pattern due to mandibular retrusion and not due to maxillary prognathism were only included in the study group. Statistical analysis was done using the software SPSS version 21.0. The statistical tests used were unpaired t-test and One-way ANOVA test with post-hoc bonferroni test. The p-value was considered significant if less than 0.05.The dorsum of the tongue was higher at back and lower in front in Class II Division 1 Hypodivergent group as compared to Class I Normal occlusion group (P<.05). Tongue height and tongue length were significantly reduced in Class II Division 1 Normodivergent and Class II Division 1 Hypodivergent malocclusion groups when compared to Class I control group (P<.05).The study supports the existence of a relationship between posture & dimensions of the tongue with Class I and Class II skeletal patterns.

Average minimum distances of periodic point sets – foundational invariants for mapping periodic crystals

The fundamental model of any solid crystalline material (crystal) at the atomic scale is a periodic point set. The strongest natural equivalence of crystals is rigid motion or isometry that preserves all inter-atomic distances. Past comparisons of periodic structures often used manual thresholds, symmetry groups and reduced cells, which are discontinuous under perturbations or thermal vibrations of atoms. This work defines the infinite sequence of continuous isometry invariants (Average Minimum Distances) to progressively capture distances between neighbors. The asymptotic behaviour of the new invariants is theoretically proved in all dimensions for a wide class of sets including non-periodic. The proposed near linear time algorithm identified all different crystals in the world's largest Cambridge Structural Database within a few hours on a modest desktop. The ultra fast speed and proved continuity provide rigorous foundations to continuously parameterise the space of all periodic crystals as a high-dimensional extension of Mendeleev's table of elements.

Improvement in Soft Tissue Profile & Upper Airway Dimensions Following Forsus FRD – A Prospective Clinical Study

Aim: To assess improvement of soft tissue profile and upper airway dimensions in skeletal Class II adolescent patients treated with Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD). Material and Methods: This prospective observational study was planned with a sample size of 15 subjects (5 male & 10 female) diagnosed with mandibular hypoplasia as a cause of Class II malocclusion, requiring fixed functional therapy, with the inclusion criteria of age of 16-25 yrs with the ANB value range of 4°+2° with a non-extraction treatment plan. Pre-functional records were recorded once the leveling and alignment phase was complete and Forsus FRD attachments were placed. Treatment continued till the desired objectives were achieved. Post functional records were made at the end of functional therapy, after removal of Forsus FRD. Along with soft tissue analysis on lateral cephalogram, Acoustic Pharyngometry (AP) was recorded for each patient (Eccovision®” (sleep group solutions Florida, US) for airway changes before and after Forsus FRD. Results: Post functional treatment indicated statistically significant changes in nasolabial angle, upper lip position, upper lip strain, H angle and mento-labial sulcus. On evaluation of upper airway dimensions of the subjects by pharyngometry , there were statistically significant changes in mean upper airway volume and area. Conclusion: Study concluded that Forsus FRD is an effective method for correction of skeletal Class II malocclusion among adolescent patients, enhancing marked improvement in soft tissue profile of the patients, along with significant increase in volume and area of hypopharyngeal and oropharyngeal spaces, thus improving the upper airway patency.

From Complexity to Clarity

From Complexity to Clarity

Restoring Occlusal Vertical Dimension of Kennedy Class I Partially Edentulous Mandibular Arch Using an Overlay Cobalt-Chromium Partial Denture and Thin Acrylic Veneers

Reduced occlusal vertical dimension due to severe tooth surface loss poses significant functional and aesthetic impacts to the patient. Extensive dental procedures to restore the occlusion and aesthetics is usually a challenge to the treating dentist. Overlay removable partial denture can be used as the simpler treatment modalities to treat moderate to severe tooth surface loss. This case study reported the fabrication of a lower partial cobalt-chromium overlay denture to restore the occlusal vertical dimension on a 78 year-old lady with Kennedy Class I partially edentulous with severe lower anterior tooth surface loss. Thin layer of acrylic tooth veneers was added to the labial surface of the overlay denture to improve the aesthetics. This solution was functionally acceptable and met the need and demand of the patient.

Symbolic dynamical scales: modes, orbitals, and transversals

We study classes of musical scales obtained from shift spaces in symbolic dynamics through the first symbol rule, which yields scales in any n-TET tuning system. The modes are thought as elements of orbit equivalence classes of cyclic shift actions on languages, and we study their orbitals and transversals. We present explicit formulations of the generating functions that allow us to deduce the orbital and transversal dimensions of classes of musical scales generated by vertex shifts, for all n, in particular for the 12-TET tuning system.

Evaluation of effect of PowerScopeTM class II corrector on skeletal, dental and Oro-pharyngeal airway dimension in Skeletal class II cases - A controlled prospective clinical study

: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PowerScope (Class II Corrector) on skeletal, dental and oro-pharyngeal airway dimensions in class II malocclusion with retrusive mandible. Twenty patients with age group of 11 to 14 were selected for this study. Experimental group underwent Power scope class II corrector therapy and control group, alignment of only upper arch respectively. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken in both experimental group and control group before and after 6 month of treatment. Sixteen measurements in that eight skeletal, five dental and three pharyngeal airway were assessed to know the effect of PowerScope Class II corrector on skeletal, dental and pharyngeal airway PowerScope Class II corrector after treatment showed significant change in SNB (P = 0.01*), ANB (P=0.001*), Inferior airway space (IAS) (P=0.006*), lower incisors position (P=0.0001*) and overjet (P=0.0001*) where as these values were insignificant on comparison with control group except for lower incisors position (P=0.001*) and overjet (P=0.0001*) indicating that PowerScope corrects class II malocclusion mainly by dento alveolar changes not have significant effect on skeletal and oro-pharyngeal airway. Power Scope (Class II corrector) corrects skeletal class II malocclusion mainly by dental changes and has insignificant effect on skeletal and oro-pharyngeal airway.

On the Dimension of a New Class of Derivation Lie Algebras Associated to Singularities

Let (V,0)={(z1,…,zn)∈Cn:f(z1,…,zn)=0} be an isolated hypersurface singularity with mult(f)=m. Let Jk(f) be the ideal generated by all k-th order partial derivatives of f. For 1≤k≤m−1, the new object Lk(V) is defined to be the Lie algebra of derivations of the new k-th local algebra Mk(V), where Mk(V):=On/((f)+J1(f)+…+Jk(f)). Its dimension is denoted as δk(V). This number δk(V) is a new numerical analytic invariant. In this article we compute L4(V) for fewnomial isolated singularities (binomial, trinomial) and obtain the formulas of δ4(V). We also verify a sharp upper estimate conjecture for the δ4(V) for large class of singularities. Furthermore, we verify another inequality conjecture: δ(k+1)(V)<δk(V),k=3 for low-dimensional fewnomial singularities.

Conditional expectation formula of copulas for higher dimensions and its application

Due to its simple form, linear regression is the most commonly used model when dealing with a predictive model. However, there are some limitations to the model, such as the constraint of only being able to model variables that have a linear relationship, the assumption of normality on its error, and the multi-collinearity between independent variables which should not occur. One of the alternative models that is free from these limitations is the copula-based regression model defined by the conditional expectation formula of copulas. Leong and Valdez [Claims prediction using copula models, Insurance Math. Econom., 2005] [15] developed a conditional expectation formula of copulas for higher dimensions in the implicit form with bivariate case examples. Crane and Hoek [Conditional expectation formulae for copulas, Aust. N.Z.J. Stat, 2008] [5] provided conditional expectation formula of copulas explicitly for two dimensions with its examples. However, in practice, a predictive model often involves more than two variables, i.e. one dependent variable with more than one independent variable, including a copula-based regression model. With regard to these problems and the limitations of dimension in previous studies, our contribution in this study is extending the copula-based regression model for higher dimensions for class of Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern, elliptical, and Archimedean copula. We obtain a closed-form of conditional expectation formula of Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern, Gaussian, Student-t, and Clayton copula for n dimensions and provide the formula for Gumbel copula up to four dimensions. We apply our extended formula to estimate KRW/USD currency based on its association with CNY/USD and JPY/USD, and found that the extended function can be used quite accurately.

A Cone-beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of Mandibular Anterior Alveolar Bone Dimensions in Class I and Class II Skeletal Patterns

A Cone-beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of Mandibular Anterior Alveolar Bone Dimensions in Class I and Class II Skeletal Patterns

Comparative Study of Tooth Size and Arch Dimensions in Class I Crowded, Proclined Malocclusion and Class I Normal Occlusion.

Aim:The objectives are to compare the extent and to find whether it is arch dimension or tooth size that contributes to a greater extent to malocclusions such as dental crowding and proclination.Materials and Methods:A total of 90 pretreatment models were selected and divided into three groups, namely uncrowded (Group-A), crowded (Group B), and proclination (Group-C). Measurements obtained were: (1) The largest mesiodistal width of each tooth on each arch (except the second and third molars), (2) Buccal inter-canine and inter-molar widths, (3) Lingual inter-canine and inter-molar widths, (4) Arch perimeters, and (5) Arch length.Results:The mesiodistal teeth dimensions were higher in crowded and proclination group. Both inter canine width and inter molar width of maxilla were reduced in crowded group. Maxillary and mandibular arch perimeter and arch lengths were higher proclination group.

English

BACKGROUND Skeletal malocclusions occur because of the defect in the underlying skeletal structure. Mandibular skeletal retrusion is the most common characteristic of class II malocclusion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pharyngeal airway dimension in Class II patients treated with Herbst appliance and fixed mechanotherapy using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS This comparative study was conducted among 30 Class II patients (9 to 15 years of age) selected from the outpatient department of orthopaedics. They were divided into 2 Groups; Group I (15 patients) was treated by Herbst appliance; Group II (15 patients) was treated by fixed mechanotherapy. Pharyngeal airway volume, length and width evaluation were done using CBCT in vivo dental software 5.1 (ANATOMAGE, San Jose, CA). Intergroup comparison was done using independent t tests and level of significance (P < 0.05). Correlation of parameters were carried out using Pearson’s correlation test. RESULTS Significant increase in nasopharyngeal, velopharyngeal, glossopharyngeal, laryngopharyngeal, and total airway volume in Herbst group was observed. Velopharyngeal length, glossopharyngeal length and nasopharyngeal airway width showed significant increase in Herbst group. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of Class II patients with Herbst appliance resulted in increase in pharyngeal airway volume. Herbst therapy induced repositioning of tongue resulting in increased length due to posterior fall of uvula, and hence airway volume increased drastically. KEY WORDS Airway Volume, Herbst Appliance, Class II Malocclusion, Retrognathic Mandible

Development of Animated Media-based Discovery Learning to Improve Scientific Literacy Content for Senior High School Students in Human Circulatory System Material

This study aims to: 1) develop animation media-based Discovery Learning on the circulatory system material, 2) determine the feasibility of the media-based Discovery Learning on the circulatory system material, and 3) examine the effectiveness of the media in increasing the dimensions of scientific literacy on content dimension in class XI IPA SMA. This type of research is research and development using the ADDIE model as steps for product development. The test instrument is used to measure the content dimension of scientific literacy content. The subjects of this study were high school students of class XI Science with a total of 30 students at Yasiha Gubug by taking purposive sampling. The media is validated by the validator of media experts, material experts, and Biology teachers as a user. The results of media expert' validation concluded that media was valid with a score of 83.19% and material expert judgment obtained a score of 82.77% included a valid category. Test the effectiveness of the product using paired sample t-test with the acquisition of 0,000 <0.05 means that the animation media-based Discovery Learning is significant to the content dimension of scientific literacy. Based on the N-gain test, animation media-based Discovery Learning can also increase the content dimension of scientific literacy of score 52% with enough categories.

Dismissing class: Media representations of workers’ conditions in the Global South

Abstract Neoliberal globalisation has expanded transnational corporations’ (TNCs) boundaries of operation and sphere of exploitation, particularly in the Global South where much of the production of traditional TNC manufacturing now occurs. In this article, using a longitudinal approach, I conduct a detailed critical discourse analysis of a large Swedish press corpus reporting on TNC activities in Global South countries. The analysis suggests that the issue of workers’ conditions is made relevant to the Swedish public through a “consumer framework” that not only confers proximity and relevance on the topic, but also effectively recontextualises agency and responsibility towards particular or individual social actors, obscuring the class dimension of labour relations and global production. Moreover, rooted in a highly problematic colonial imagery, exploitation in the Global South is seen as a “cultural problem” of “them” rather than a problem related to the social and spatial relations of global capitalism.

Gramsci in Amsterdam: a critique and re-appraisal of the Neo-Gramscian transnationalism

ABSTRACT The so-called Amsterdam School has been a pioneer in developing a theoretical framework for the transnational class dimension of the hegemonic world orders based on Gramscian core concepts and motives. Surprisingly, however, a dedicated analysis and assessment of the use of Gramsci’s key concepts by the School of Amsterdam still lack in the available literature, including the most recent comprehensive reviews. This contribution thus aims at adding a missing piece in the mosaic of the Neo-Gramscian approaches. As it is maintained here, a lacking conceptualization of the relationships between political power and transnational class agency constitutes the main shortfall in the Amsterdam School’s approach. A critical engagement with the Prison Notebooks’ hegemonic theory is thus needed to recast the Neo-Gramscian conceptualization of the transnational and to overcome the dichotomy between the globalization and inter-State approaches, by resolving the main theoretical flaws of the Amsterdam School theorization.

Factors Influencing Upper Airway Dimensions in Skeletal Class Ⅱ Children and Adolescents: A CBCT Study

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing the upper airway dimensions in skeletal Class Ⅱ children and adolescents. In total, 67 patients were selected. Airway volume and minimal cross-sectional area were three-dimensionally assessed. Craniofacial morphology and skeletal maturity were assessed on generated two-dimensional cephalograms. The measurements were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Upper airway dimensions were significantly smaller in pre-peak stage group, and positively associated with age. Anterior facial height and age were the most relevant factors for airway volume. Mandibular width and age were the most relevant factors for minimal cross-sectional area. Upper airway dimensions were significantly associated with age, skeletal maturity and craniofacial morphology in all three planes.

Worlding geography: From linguistic privilege to decolonial anywheres

Geography studies the world. Our knowledge of the world, however, comes mostly from Anglophone sources. This makes Geography in urgent need of worlding – of including multiple voices and languages from around the world. Introducing the notion of linguistic privilege, the article establishes language as an important dimension of epistemic struggle, alongside gender, race, class and others. Its analysis finds the greatest linguistic privilege in the most influential positions in knowledge production – editors of handbooks and journals and authors of progress reports. Three strategies of worlding should challenge this: making gatekeepers multilingual, promoting multiple Englishes and valorising ex-centric knowledge.

Shape-Driven Coordinate Ordering for Star Glyph Sets via Reinforcement Learning.

We present a neural optimization model trained with reinforcement learning to solve the coordinate ordering problem for sets of star glyphs. Given a set of star glyphs associated to multiple class labels, we propose to use shape context descriptors to measure the perceptual distance between pairs of glyphs, and use the derived silhouette coefficient to measure the perception of class separability within the entire set. To find the optimal coordinate order for the given set, we train a neural network using reinforcement learning to reward orderings with high silhouette coefficients. The network consists of an encoder and a decoder with an attention mechanism. The encoder employs a recurrent neural network (RNN) to encode input shape and class information, while the decoder together with the attention mechanism employs another RNN to output a sequence with the new coordinate order. In addition, we introduce a neural network to efficiently estimate the similarity between shape context descriptors, which allows to speed up the computation of silhouette coefficients and thus the training of the axis ordering network. Two user studies demonstrate that the orders provided by our method are preferred by users for perceiving class separation. We tested our model on different settings to show its robustness and generalization abilities and demonstrate that it allows to order input sets with unseen data size, data dimension, or number of classes. We also demonstrate that our model can be adapted to coordinate ordering of other types of plots such as RadViz by replacing the proposed shape-aware silhouette coefficient with the corresponding quality metric to guide network training.

Surface growth on tree-like lattices and the upper critical dimension of the KPZ class

Aiming to investigate the upper critical dimension, d u , of the KPZ class, in Saberi A. A., EPL, 103 (2013) 10005, some growth models were numerically analyzed using Cayley trees (CTs) as substrates, as a way to access their behavior in the infinite-dimensional limit, and some unexpected results were reported: logarithmic roughness scaling, differing for EW and KPZ models (indicating that even at the KPZ nonlinearity is still relevant); beyond asymptotically rough EW surfaces above the upper critical dimension of the EW class. Motivated by these strange findings, I revisit these growth models here to show that such results are simple consequences of boundary effects, inherent to systems defined on CTs. In fact, I demonstrate that the anomalous boundary of the CT leads the growing surfaces to develop curved shapes, which explains the strange behaviors previously found for these systems, once the global “roughness” was analyzed for non-flat surfaces in the study above. Importantly, by measuring the height fluctuations at the central site of the CT, which can be seen as an approximation for the Bethe lattice, smooth surfaces are found for both EW and KPZ classes, consistently with the behavior expected for growing systems in dimensions . Interesting features of the 1-point height fluctuations, such as the possibility of non-saturation in the steady state regime, are also discussed for substrates in general.

Contested social relations in the platform economy: Class structurisation and collectivisation in ride-hailing services in India

The development of platform capitalism is restructuring social relations across the globe by altering traditional hierarchical structures, internal labour relations and their micro-political interactions. Digitally mediated platforms appear to be changing relational dynamics, contributing to a growth in individualisation among the workers. The platform economy, in general, and ride-hailing services, in particular, represent an emerging capitalistic regime that is breeding a working class with often contradictory class locations and class positions. Because the class dimension in the existing literature concerning platform workers in India has been less critically approached, this research intends to use class-based theorisation to analyse capital–labour relations in the ride-hailing service, with the aim of reflecting on the linkages between class location, class consciousness and class practices among the workers. This article highlights how the internal contradictions, combined with the external structural factors, lead to growing instrumental collectivism among the platform working class that falls short of challenging the capitalistic platform regime.