Dilemmas In Research Research Articles

The causation dilemma in ESG research

<abstract> <p>The ESG literature suggests that the relationship between a firm's environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and a firm's financial performance is positive, but the causal link between these two variables is ambiguous. The results in this study mirrored that sentiment of the ESG literature; thus, the purpose of this article is to frame the causal ambiguity in ESG research that accounts for ambiguous conclusions in ESG literature. This study found that firms with complete Bloomberg ESG ratings had higher abnormal returns than firms without complete ESG ratings, but the actual rating did not correlate with abnormal returns. Similarly, this study found that firms with higher ESG disclosure scores (regardless of whether the disclosures were good or bad) were associated with higher abnormal returns, which further illustrates the ambiguity and suggests transparency as a clarifying factor. While much of the literature notes challenges in ESG research, this study is one of the first that frames the confusing causal link between ESG performance and financial performance as the key conclusion of the study.</p> </abstract>

The influence of digital innovation ecosystem of high-end equipment manufacturing on the intelligent maturity of enterprise – an empirical study on the configuration of the “three-layer core-periphery” structure

PurposeWith the deep development of the new technological revolution and industrial transformation, the development, application, expansion and integration of digital technology provide opportunities for transforming the manufacturing industry from traditional manufacturing to intelligent manufacturing. However, little research currently focuses on analyzing the influencing factors of intelligent development in this field. There is a lack of research from the perspective of the digital innovation ecosystem to explore the intrinsic mechanism that drives intelligent development. Therefore, this article starts with high-end equipment manufacturing enterprises as the research subject to explore how their digital innovation ecosystem promotes the effectiveness of enterprise intelligent development, providing theoretical support and policy guidance for enterprises to achieve intelligent development at the current stage.Design/methodology/approachThis article constructs a logical framework for the digital innovation ecosystem using a “three-layer core-periphery” structure, collects data using crawling for subsequent indicator measurement and assessment and uses the fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis method (fsQCA) to explore how the various components of the digital innovation ecosystem in high-end equipment manufacturing enterprises work together to promote the development of enterprise intelligently.FindingsThis article finds that the various components of the digital innovation ecosystem of high-end equipment manufacturing enterprises, through mutual coordination, can help improve the level of enterprise intelligence. Empirical analysis shows four specific configuration implementation paths for the digital innovation ecosystem of high-end equipment manufacturing enterprises to promote intelligent development. The core conditions and their combinations that affect the intelligent development of enterprises differ in each configuration path.Originality/valueFirstly, this article discusses the practical problems of intelligent transformation and development in the manufacturing industry and focuses on the intelligent development effectiveness of various components of the digital innovation ecosystem of high-end equipment manufacturing enterprises in the context of digitalization. Secondly, this article uses crawling, text sentiment analysis and other methods to creatively collect relevant data to overcome the research dilemma of being limited to theoretical analysis due to the difficulty in obtaining data in this field. At the same time, based on the characteristics of high-end equipment manufacturing enterprises, the “three-layer core-periphery” digital innovation ecosystem framework constructed in this article helps to gain a deep understanding of the development characteristics of the industry's enterprises, provides specific indicator analysis for their intelligent development, opening the “black box” of intelligent development in the industry's enterprises and bridging the gap between theory and practice. Finally, this study uses the fsQCA research method of configuration analysis to explore the complexity of the antecedents and investigate the combined effects of multiple factors on intelligent development, providing new perspectives and rich research results for relevant literature on the intelligent development of high-end equipment manufacturing enterprises.

Tourism Carbon Emissions: A Systematic Review of Research Based on Bibliometric Methods

ABSTRACT Tourism is one of the industries that contributes to climate change. Tourism accounts for about 10% of total global GDP, while contributing about 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions, far more than many industries. The study of tourism carbon emissions is indispensable for global sustainable development. However, current research summaries on the field of tourism carbon emissions rarely describe the research dilemmas and future trends that the field desperately needs to address. This has led to fewer studies on tourism carbon emissions in recent years, with researchers turning to study environmentally responsible behavior for which data are more readily available. This is dangerous for the perception of sustainable tourism development and climate change. This paper first identifies the commonly concerned research issues in the tourism carbon emissions field through keyword analysis. By analyzing the existing research contents and topics, this paper proceeds to comb the inner logic among those researches in three dimensions which are time, space and topics, thus proposing a research framework. Finally, this paper puts forward four research areas needed to be improved and four directions we can go further, namely 4I and 4P. Other current review literature in this field focuses only on analyzing authors, journals, institutions, etc. without analyzing the logical relevance of the research content. In this paper, we believe that a research review based on the content of the literature itself is what will show scholars the current state of research and research issues in the field. And the constructed research framework can further clarify the research content and topics in the field and present a clear picture of the research content for relevant scholars. Therefore this study is convinced that a clear research framework will bring a powerful direction for the tourism carbon emissions research field. The research results will certainly make some contribution to the tourism carbon emissions field, by providing new viewpoints and research trends on tourism carbon emissions.

The Pervasiveness of Power: Dilemmas for Researchers of Major System Change in Healthcare Comment on "'Attending to History' in Major System Change in Healthcare in England: Specialist Cancer Surgery Service Reconfiguration".

To study major system change (MSC) in healthcare, it is crucial to consider the influence of power. Despite this, dominant perspectives on MSC in healthcare present these as relatively neutral processes, where reconfigurations are logical solutions to clearly defined problems. Perry and colleagues' paper adds to a growing body of research which challenges the presentation of MSC as neutral, managerial processes, instead identifying how power dynamics lie at the heart of why service change happens, how it unfolds, and its outcomes. However, the introduction of power considerations raises several overlapping methodological and ethical dilemmas for researchers, and questions regarding research design and dissemination. In this commentary, we use the insights generated by Perry et al to further explore these issues.

Ethical dilemmas of teacher research in applied linguistics

Teacher research (TR) is teachers’ systematic examination of their pedagogy and/or their students’ learning within their own classrooms. Language TR presents different ethical dilemmas from other applied linguistics research due to the researcher's positioning and TR's situatedness. Teacher-researchers’ dual roles as instructor and researcher allow unique perspectives but also raise questions of subjectivity. Because TR is situated in specific contexts, teacher-researchers’ ethical decisions require special attention to interpersonal effects not captured in institutional ethics reviews. This article presents qualitative analyses of data collected during a semester-long graduate course introducing language teachers to classroom action research. We documented participants’ development as researchers through recorded class discussions and their reflective writing. We analyzed the data recursively, focusing on ethically important moments. Some ethical issues paralleled those in the TR literature while others were specific to each participant's context. Participants’ reflexivity was crucial for managing these context-specific dilemmas as some situations lacked a clear answer. We illustrate our findings with vignettes from participating teacher-researchers exemplifying these dilemmas. We conclude by discussing ongoing challenges in language TR and by recommending future directions.

A nontraditional method for reducing thermoelastic stresses of variable thickness rotating discs

Stresses reductions and/or raising the load-carrying capacity for a mechanical structure are always great dilemmas for researchers. In this article, a novel method is proposed, and its efficiency is examined for achieving these goals on functionally graded rotating nonuniform thickness discs. The originality of this method relies on comprising a geometrically well-defined area, into the whole structure, with certain homogeneous properties including density, thermal expansion coefficient, and elasticity matrix. This area acts as a reducer of the maximum values of various stress components. The solution of the magnetoelastic/magneto-thermoelastic problem is accomplished using the finite element method. The disc is subjected to partial uniform outer pressure, whereas, upon applying thermal loads; the thermal boundary conditions are considered symmetric. The proposed method is found to be beneficial as the obtained results demonstrated the ability to reduce the maximum stresses with different percentages depending on the location, angular width, and properties of the predefined area. This is reflected by an attainable decrease in the maximum compressive tangential stress and the von Mises stress by approximately 20.7% and 12.5%, respectively, under certain conditions.

Living with Experience in the Academy: Pressures to Disclose in Routine Research Activities

ABSTRACT Lived-experience perspectives have gained increasing traction in social work research, presenting valuable opportunities for novel insights to inform policy, practice, and research. Yet these developments have perhaps outpaced our capacity as producers and consumers of research to consider their broader ethical implications for social work researchers with lived experience (particularly those with undisclosed experiences). Through a series of critical incident analyses, this article highlights ethical dilemmas researchers may face concerning disclosure of their lived experience, and how application of trauma-informed and ethical principles may assist in responding to these dilemmas. IMPLICATIONS Social work researchers may face increased pressures to disclose their lived experience in the course of typical research activities. Trauma-informed and ethical research principles can be drawn upon to navigate these dilemmas. Academic and research institutions and bodies should consider the impact on researchers of processes which impel disclosure of lived experience.

Russia’s War on Ukraine and the Dilemmas of Historical Research

Russia’s War on Ukraine and the Dilemmas of Historical Research

Perspectives of Resident and Attending Ophthalmologists on Common Ethical Dilemmas in Research.

Purpose To assess how resident and attending ophthalmologists perceive and evaluate ethically controversial scenarios regarding mentorship, authorship, and ethics compliance that may occur during research involving residents. Methods An online survey was developed and contained 14 controversial vignettes based on common research scenarios that can occur when conducting research with trainees. The scenarios were designed to capture issues regarding three themes: mentorship, authorship, and compliance with ethical guidelines. Resident and attending ophthalmologists at eight military and civilian academic residency programs in the United States were invited to participate. Respondents used a Likert scale to assess the ethicality of the situations in addition to self-reported demographic characteristics. Results The response rate was 35.6% (77/216), consisting of 37.7% ( n = 29) residents and 62.3% ( n = 48) attendings. More attending ophthalmologists responded than residents ( p = 0.004). Many respondents identified controversies around compliance (67.3%) and authorship (57.1%) as unethical, whereas situations regarding mentorship were largely viewed as neutral to ethical (68.0%). Responses to two scenarios, one regarding mentorship and one regarding authorship, significantly differed between residents and attendings ( p = 0.001 and p = 0.022, respectively). Conclusion Academic ophthalmologists' perceptions of the ethicality of common research scenarios varied. There is a need for more prescriptive guidelines for authorship and mentorship ethics at all training levels to ensure consistency, fairness, and integrity of research.

Negotiating ethical dilemmas in research: to act or not to act in the face of the normalisation of gender injustice encountered in the research process

This article focuses on research conducted in relation to the gendered dynamics of access to, and utilisation of, agricultural inputs in the quest for women’s empowerment. The article focuses on the ethical dilemmas that arose during the course of the research in relation to the claim that scientific research, particularly of the logical-positivist tradition, should not cause disruption to people’s lives and that researchers must remain detached and neutral. This contrasts with the requisite of critical, emancipatory social research, which calls for using research for transformational purposes. Our original research, upon which this article is based, reflects that while participants were aware of gender-discriminatory practices in accessing and utilising agricultural inputs, they were unwilling to challenge naturalised discriminatory and oppressive cultural norms. The ethical dilemma was whether to leave the participants’ views and gendered practices unchallenged, or to adopt strategies of consciousness raising in an attempt to engender change.

Ethical Dilemmas in Cross-national Qualitative Research: A Reflection on Personal Experiences of Ethics from a Doctoral Research Project

Ethical Dilemmas in Cross-national Qualitative Research: A Reflection on Personal Experiences of Ethics from a Doctoral Research Project

Challenges for Political Science Research Ethics in Autocracies: A Case Study of Central Asia

The imperative to conduct research ethically has been firmly established. Biomedical and applied research in the Global North has dominated the development of an ethical framework based on four broad principles: respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice. The prevailing research ethics can become significant constraints to political scientists focussing on non-democratic settings. The appropriateness of these codes in guiding political scientists’ research, especially in authoritarian contexts of Central Asia, is examined. The article outlines the need for a more culturally and contextually nuanced approach to research ethics and an understanding of the discipline-specific ethical dilemmas for researchers within political science.

Assessing Resident Well-Being: Ethical Considerations for Researchers When Conducting Qualitative Wellness Research With Resident Populations.

Assessing Resident Well-Being: Ethical Considerations for Researchers When Conducting Qualitative Wellness Research With Resident Populations.

Exploring the reasons for unsafe abortion among women in the reproductive age group in western Ethiopia

BackgroundUnsafe abortion, even though it is preventable, remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity among women in the developing world. It has always been a dilemma for researchers to explore the reasons for unsafe abortion in communities due to the sensitive nature of the subject. As a result, the aim of this study was to explore the reasons for unsafe abortion in women of reproductive age in western Ethiopia, 2022. MethodsA qualitative study with a purposive sampling technique was used to explore the reasons for unsafe abortion. The sample size was determined by the data theoretical saturation. Thematic data analysis was used to analyse the data, which was aided by Open Code 4.03 software. ResultsFive thematic categories were drawn from the collected data. The categories were: lack of knowledge of safe abortion policy and services; socioeconomic conditions; safe abortion as a real religious and cultural taboo; stigma of unplanned pregnancy; and a desire to pursue education. ConclusionThe obtained evidence in this study revealed that lack of knowledge, poor socioeconomic conditions, cultural and religious beliefs, stigma of unplanned pregnancy, and a desire to pursue education were quoted by participants as reasons to unsafe abortion practices. As a result, it is critical to improve family planning education, raise awareness about safe abortion services, and educate young women about the consequences of unsafe; abortion to reduce the rate of unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion-related complications.

THE IMPACT OF FUNDAMENTALIST LINGUISTIC RULES ON THE INTERPRETATION OF LEGITIMATE TEXTS- RULE OF REQUIRE TEXT AS A MODEL


 
 
 
 It is known that the Arabic language abounds with various words and words meanings and semantics born proved to scientists
 The practice of languages ​​The Arabic language Bmhaha, grammar and rhetoric is one of the most significant languages. And that mission of Hardworking: is the confusion of the provisions of its origins.The work of the mujtahid is the jurisprudence and understanding of the text, since the text cannot be deduced from the judgment unless: -
 A - realize the meaning. B - knew the word goal and meaning. (C) Show how it is indicative of governance and quality
 This significance and degree.
 Understanding of the text depends on:
 1- Knowledge of the methods of statement in the Arabic language.
 2 - ways to indicate the meaning.
 3 – and what is indicated by the words singular and complex.
 For this reason, scientists have established rules and regulations that are in fact derived from:
 The nature of the Arabic language as their use in the meanings as decided by the imams of the language according to the tracing and extrapolation of the Arabic methods,
 They are not special legal or religious bases, but are Arab in form and subject matter of spirit and text.
 One of these rules is the rule of Aleqteda indication at the Hanafi: is the indication of untold speech that the truth of the speech, its honesty or the validity of the legitimacy depends on it. The wording of the text does not indicate the untold ,But rather twofold the validity of speech in accordance with the act, or legitimately appreciated, and called this Aleqteda indication , as appropriate, because it means calling and demand.
 The meaning of the speech is demanded and called by the sincerity of speech, or his honest .When the research needed to determine the nature of the relationship between fundamentalist and linguistic
 The words and their meaning to work by the text to develop an understanding of the text.
 The fundamentalist Hanafi and Shafi'i fundamentalists make the omitted from the type of Muqtada ,while the late fundamentalists are separated between them .This necessitated a difference in the general estimated or not, if we return to the sources of fundamentalism we´ll find that some of them said by Muqtada and the others are denied it.
 
 
 
 
 In Fact the rule of Aleqteda Indication is based on the Hanafi on what indicates the word “Muqtada” as a language, and it is the request. Hence the (text) of the fundamentalists may need to complete it with the meanings and words, so that they called Aleqteda or the requirement of the text. This is what I tried hard to show and decipher. And solve its dilemmas in my modest research.

Complexities of the Ethical Dilemmas in Qualitative International Relations Research: Research Subjects, Ethical Codes, and Constructing Qualitative Rigor

Existing scholarship has not thoroughly explored topics of ethical dilemmas faced by qualitative international relations researchers. Due to the distinctiveness of the study and the need to address ethical concerns with regard to international relations research, this article aims to elucidate the ethical dilemmas in three aspects: ethical dilemmas of research subjects (gatekeepers and vulnerable groups), ethical codes and scientific conduct, and constructing qualitative rigor in international relations. It further attempts to connect to existing opinions of social research studies critical toward the positivist methodological stances of contemporary ethical reviews and echoes the need to reflect on ethical dilemmas on a case-by-case basis.

Financial market risk, technology and natural resources nexus: Evidence from China

Natural resources are considered a vital organ of the economy and play an important role in economic growth, creating jobs and enhancing the standard of life across the globe. However, Natural resources remained a dilemma for researchers in the past; several studies suggest it as a curse while some authors suggest it as a blessing for the country's economic growth This research examines the “resource curse” hypothesis along with the interactive relationship of technological innovations, financial risk index and economic growth of china for the period of 1984–2021. Few researchers in previous studies have analyzed the financial risk index and technological innovations in the nexus with natural resources. This novel study aims to examine the impact of natural resources on the economic growth of china in the presence of technological innovations and financial risk index. Time series methods and Quantile regression is employed to examine the impact of indicators on economic performance. For the stationarity, ADF (Augmented Dicky-Fuller tests) are used, for better co-integrations Bayer-Hanck model is employed, to check the robustness of the study we use FMOLS model (fully modified ordinary least square) and DOLS model (Dynamic ordinary least square) and in the last the granger causality test is used. The results of the study are concluded on the point that natural resources negatively affect the economic growth of china which means there is resource curse hypothesis in china. Furthermore, the technological innovations, enhancement in the financial risk index and trade lead to the improvement in China's economic growth. We also find that investment and improving technological innovations can bring significant changes in the country's economic performance. Last we find an inverse relationship between financial risk and the economic performance of China.

Researching Informal Skills Learners: Considering Work Interruption and Vulnerabilities

Informal skills learners are the workers who learn occupational skills during their work in an informal setting. Little research has been done on their learning environment and processes in a context similar to Nepal and many other developing countries. Such research deficit is more pronounced in informal skills learning research. In this paper, I address this gap. Based on two concepts - work interruptions and vulnerability of novice informal skills learners - I discuss methodological and ethical dilemmas while researching these people. Drawing from my PhD research carried out in four occupational sectors - pottery, metalcrafts, fast food and two-wheeler mechanics in Nepal (in Kathmandu valley), I first analyse the general features of informal skills learners’ vulnerability which might further increase while spending time with the researchers. The ethical dilemmas researchers might face while researching vulnerable skills learners are about minimizing work interruption and avoiding harm to them. At the end, I propose specific ways of dealing with informal skills learners while conducting fieldwork. The study expects to increase the researchers’ awareness while dealing with vulnerable workers and learners, and provides a track for further research in the area.

The Dilemma of Higher Education in the 21st Century: Elite to Massive

Amid the globalized higher education transition from elite to massive, new dilemmas have been identified and need to be addressed in the current time, which requires analysis and reference to previous instances of educational systems that have experienced the shift. This paper explores and integrates the key issues in terms of higher education in the 21st century through literature review and comparative study, summarizing them in three dimensions: students, educational institutions, and society. To tackle these issues, it is necessary for higher education to undergo a change which is both sensitive to quality and quantity. This article has the potential to strengthen the insights of future researchers and educators into higher education and inspire their will to overcome existing dilemmas in both research and practical fields.

Selective bilingualism: official language use and linguistic landscape in Hungarian-Romanian mixed schools in Romania

ABSTRACT In Romania most Hungarian-speaking children study in their mother tongue, in Hungarian-language classes. Some of these are organised in ‘mixed schools’, where parallel Hungarian and Romanian classes coexist in the same institution. Although these institutions seem a good solution for inter-ethnic coexistence, no systematic research has been conducted on their internal language policy and language practices yet. The aim of the paper is to examine the language policy of these institutions, by focusing on the language of two top-down elements of the linguistic landscape, school inscriptions and internal signs of rooms. The study argues that three language strategies can be distinguished: asymmetry, symmetry and quasi-asymmetry, which are influenced by the institutional characteristics of the school. Furthermore, the paper offers possibilities for applying its findings in different contexts and situations. By drawing attention to the limits of formal language policy, it argues that depending on the structural context they find themselves in, actors can openly contest or reinterpret even seemingly clear legal regulations, negotiating their applicability according to the dominant language hierarchies and ideologies they adhere to. Additionally, the paper provides insights concerning two methodological dilemmas in linguistic landscape research, namely, representativity and lack of explanatory depth of quantitative analysis.