Use CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics from gold tailings in Hanyin as main raw materials, which were prepared by a melting method. In this paper, the effects of nucleation temperature and crystallization temperature on microstructures and properties of the glass-ceramic specimens were investigated. The thermal property of the glass-ceramics was discussed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and microstructure was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Methods of a 4-point bending strength test, DIL-402C dilatometer and Archimedes method were used to determine the bending strength, thermal expanding coefficient and density of glass-ceramics. The experiment results indicated that the optimal properties of glass-ceramics were obtained by nucleation at 800 °C for 2 h, and then crystalling at 950 °C for 3 h. XRD analyses demonstrated that the main phase of gold tailings glass-ceramics was augite and diopside (CaMgSi2O6), and the minor phase was potassium iron silicate (KFeSi2O6). The bending strength, density and thermal expanding coefficient of the glass-ceramics were 128 MPa, 2.840 g/cm3 and 7.85 × 10−6/°C, respectively.