Dilapidated Housing Research Articles

HOUSING AND COMMUNAL PROVISION OF THE POPULATION OF THE UKRAINIAN SSR (1953-1964)

In the conditions of the russian-Ukrainian war, there is a request to study the history of Ukraine, in part – values and ideals of the nation, material and cultural heritage, features of cultural development. In this context, the experience of studying the Soviet past, which left a legacy of numerous colonial deformations, post-colonial and post-totalitarian syndromes, is valuable, «scoop», manifested in the immaturity of civil society, the lack of formation of the national idea, the problems of the spiritual and cultural spheres, language policy and a number of socio-economic contradictions. To date, the housing issue of the period of De-Stalinization in Ukraine in 1953-1964 remains understudied. The housing crisis is relevant both in the studied period and today.The article notes the complexities and transformations of the Khrushchev "thaw" period, which can be characterized from the household side, in particular, gasification, electrification, water supply, heating, sewage, etc. That is, housing and communal provision. The situation was complicated by the post-war reconstruction and large-scale destroyed infrastructure of Ukraine. Thus, in the Ukrainian SSR, there was a banal lack of housing. People lived in dilapidated houses that needed major repairs or were even beyond repair.Active housing construction was launched. As a result, many "Khrushobs", later "Khrushchevka", appeared, which can be characterized as cramped, poor, uncomfortable, uncomfortable housing estates without any hint of aesthetics. The architecture of the cities became of a mixed type, sometimes absurd, which negatively affected the architectural ensemble of individual cities. At the same time, the question of the village remained relevant, since the material and everyday situation of the rural population can be qualified, in our opinion, as critical, and not only because of the consequences associated with the Second World War, but also because of the poor Stalinist leadership. A peasant's home can be characterized as follows: simple architectural design with minimal planning. Another problem at that time was the insufficient water supply of settlements. As a result of the weak development of the water supply system, the slow pace of construction of new ones and the expansion of existing ones. The low level of water supply affected not only the physical condition of people and personal hygiene, but also led to unsanitary conditions in the premises due to the paralyzed operation of the sewage system.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ ЖИЛИЩНОЙ СФЕРЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The housing policy of the Russian Federation is taking on a special type of development, since housing construction is increasing rapidly, and the population places higher demands on its quality, including the construction of social infrastructure. However, there are still many unresolved problems related to dilapidated houses, as well as the lack of housing for young families, which is generally due to high housing prices in the Russian Federation and insufficient funding for these programs. Russia is actively implementing the Housing program, which not only replaces dilapidated housing with new ones, but also repairs utility systems, builds new roads, kindergartens, schools and other social infrastructure facilities in new residential areas. This program increases the degree of housing provision for the population, improves the quality of their life, and strengthens the level of trust in the government. At the same time, there are problems of financing the country’s housing sector, the sources of which are diverse. Therefore, all actions of the authorities in this direction should be aimed at financing the most pressing problems and activities that contribute to the development of the industry. The article analyzes the problems associated with the housing sector and provides directions for optimizing its financing at the level of a specific region.

Evaluation & Criticism

The COST-Action (CA 18137) on Middle Class Mass Housing in Europe (MCMH-EU) has established a transnational scientific network to document the productions of middle-class mass housing built in Europe since the 1950s in order to investigate this specific topic and share knowledge. Considering that middle-class mass housing dominates most of our cities, the research translates into the study of the extensive development of cities in Europe after World War II. The breadth of the theme and the differences between the countries make it difficult to construct a systematic and unified criticism of middle-class mass housing, albeit concentrating on the post-war period. The COST-Action has the goal to build a network to gather research representing the pooled knowledge and experiences from the network of multidisciplinary researchers. So, transversally throughout the Working Groups, an inventory of case studies, a collection of articles, and studies on the policies were produced. This paper elaborates on the collected and produced material and data in order to trigger comparisons and reflections on the approaches and methodologies to face the complexity of middle-class mass housing topic. The comparison was built by using different methods intersecting multiple points of view and following specific thematic tracks that seek to deconstruct the complexity of the middle-class mass housing topic into singular aspects. This paper presents the results of data analyses, visualisation techniques and comparative studies to identify massification processes, morphological structures, demographic and policy developments. It shows a combination of several methods to build a cross-sectional and systematic approach to the diverse knowledge envisioned to develop a methodology for future research. This can be especially useful for future developments and insights towards joint or individual European guidelines, laws and policies to improve the dilapidated housing stock, current housing situation and to compete the housing crisis in general.

BASIC REQUIRED PROGRAM OF COMPACT HOUSE FOR ELDERLY WITH LOW INCOME

This paper aims to develop basic designs of compact houses for older persons with low income in Thailand. Due to their low financial income, most Thai senior citizens end up in old, dilapidated houses with environment risks for falling or other serious accidents. In this work, a compact house was designed using the universal design concept to improve the quality of life for the elderly. There are three main areas in the house design: sleeping area, utility area, and bathroom, with a total area of approximately 17.6 sq.m. for a one-person residence. The house design is based on data collected through a questionnaire and field survey with more than one thousand participants. The result showed that the living pattern of Thai older persons are mostly similar. The sleeping and utility areas are shared, and in some cases, utility areas are also used for other purposes such as working and food preparation. Home improvement for Thai elderly people must also concern three aspects which are 1) community technology, 2) determination of space utilization (zoning), and 3) size. It was found that international standards can be slightly adapted to suit the locals’ behaviors, physiques, both in natural and social contexts. This paper would be beneficial for architects, designers, or anyone who interacts with house owners on their residential preference. Policy maker may use this as a basis for the cost analysis of house improvement policy for older persons in the future.

Clinical Anecdotes Working from My Home Office: Privilege and the Haunted House Next Door1

ABSTRACT This paper begins with fragments which came unbidden as I began working with patients during the covid-propelled move to my home office. While my intent in moving to this office was to hold on to my identity as an analyst with so much slipping away and to help my patients hold on to our work through the trauma of covid – not to mention the ongoing political upheavals as well as the horrors of global warming – little did I anticipate that I was moving to a site with a more visible grounding in a social problematic. I hadn’t foreseen the issues which would arise regarding social privilege – issues with which I would fortunately have to reckon working from home in an affluent neighborhood with a dilapidated house next door. Excerpts from my clinical work with 3 patients are presented which reflect efforts to broaden/contextualize my more traditional way of thinking and working.

Impact and Analysis of the Renovation Program of Dilapidated Houses in China on Poor Peasant Households’ Life Satisfaction: A Survey of 2617 Peasant Households in Gansu Province

In developing countries, housing difficulties and environmental problems for poor peasants are prominent. In 2008, China began to explore pilot projects for the renovation of dilapidated houses in rural areas and has achieved remarkable results. This paper examines the impact of China's Renovation Program of Dilapidated Houses on the life satisfaction of poor peasant households. Using firsthand survey data of four poverty-stricken counties in Gansu Province and the Propensity Score Matching method, we find that the program significantly improves the poor peasant households' life satisfaction, with a greater impact on non-poverty-stricken villages and general-assurance households. In the mechanism analysis, we find that these positive treatment effects are mainly driven by the increases in wage income and operating income. In addition, we relax the assumption of parallelism and use the Generalized Ordered Logit model to further explore how this impact varies between groups. We show that people with a high level of life satisfaction are more significantly affected by the program. This study provides evidence that a sustainable living environment can improve the overall wellbeing of rural residents.

Edward Lear, the Illustrated Excursions in Italy and the Making of a Tourist Imaginary

My essay intends to demonstrate the significance of the Abruzzi region in Edward Lear's artistic vision. In particular, it aims to show that, in a certain sense, two contrasting personalities coexisted in Lear, and determined his attitude towards the many places he visited in his horseback excursions of the Abruzzi, a region quite far from the main routes of the Grand Tour. On the one hand, Lear was greatly inspired and fascinated by the landscapes he had the opportunity to admire almost everywhere in the Abruzzi and, as a landscape painter, he responded to this visual experience enthusiastically. On the other hand, as a British traveller, he was shocked to see that the notables he met in Chieti, Villalago, Sulmona and Città Sant’Angelo, lived in old, dilapidated houses with terrible hygienic conditions and pervasive uncleanliness. In this respect, Lear’s attitude seems to oscillate between that of an artist with a romantic view of people and cultures, and a pragmatic Briton who regards his country’s ways as a sort of model for the rest of the world.

Analysis of Residential Function Spatial Variation of the City of Rwandz

One of the most fundamental human requirements is a place to live. Through a variety of architectural and socio-economic factors, this role became a significant function that cities provide and an essential feature that caught the interest of urban scholars. The paper aims to disclose the spatial variation of the characteristics of the Rwandz city's residential function by utilizing a questionnaire, statistical analysis, and GIS tools to classify the residences into areas within the city and evaluate and clarify the specific aspects of each region. Besides, using a suitability model to select the best residential locations in the city. The paper was separated into three major sections: the study area, methods, and results and discussion. The paper was able to classify Rwandz city into four residential regions: the old and dilapidated houses region, which occupies 10% of the total housing units; and the regions of medium-quality houses, good-quality houses, and layout houses, with percentages of 43.8%, 36%, and 10.2%, respectively. The paper tested the correlation between the criteria to determine the spatial relationships of the residential function, it found that the central parts of the city differ from the relatively newer periphery, in terms of residential characteristics. Through the suitability model, the highly suitable categories do not live up to acceptable levels, it occupies 7.3% of the city. In addition, the paper found that the levels of suitability do not match the reality of land values in many areas of the city.

Tight Integration of GNSS and Static Level for High Accuracy Dilapidated House Deformation Monitoring

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) can provide high-precision three-dimensional real-time or quasi-real-time changes of monitoring points automatically in house monitoring applications. However, due to the signal sheltering problem, large observation noise and multipath effects in urban observing environment with dense buildings, ambiguity resolution would be hard, and GNSS accuracy cannot always achieve millimeter level to satisfy the requirement of house monitoring. Static level is a precision instrument for measuring elevation difference and its variations, with a precision up to sub-millimeter level. It could be integrated with GNSS to improve the positioning accuracy in height direction. However, the existing integration of GNSS and static level is mostly on a respective results level. In this study, we proposed a method of integrating GNSS and static level observations tightly to enhance the GNSS positioning performance. The hardware design and integration mathematic model in data processing were introduced, and a group of experiments were carried out to verify the performance in positioning with and without the static level observation constraints. It found that the vertical monitoring measurement results of static level can achieve less than 1 mm. The GNSS ambiguity resolution performance can be improved by incorporating the measurement of static level into GNSS positioning equation as external constraints, and the precision of GNSS float solutions was significantly improved. Finally, the static level constraint can further improve the accuracy of the fixed solution from about 2 cm to better than 2 mm in vertical direction, which is even better than the accuracy in horizontal directions with about 3–6 mm with the static level constraint. The tight combination data processing algorithm can significantly improve the working efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of the application of dangerous house monitoring.

Migrant Citizenship: Race, Rights, and Reform in the U.S. Farm Labor Camp Program

Migrant Citizenship: Race, Rights, and Reform in the U.S. Farm Labor Camp Program

An Economic Study on Income and Expenditure Activities on Nochikuppam Slum Areas, Chennai City

The dimension of the slums is presumed as something that is deteriorating urban areas that is densely populated and contains dilapidated housing, often in multiple occupations, poverty, social disadvantage and other forms of physical and social deprivation. Urbanization is a global phenomenon experienced by economically advanced as well as developing countries. Rapid urbanization due to “pull factor” or the employment opportunity created in the city and “push factor” due to the lack of the same in rural areas and including environmental degradation, has attracted immigrants not only from the rural Tamil Nadu but also from other parts of the country. Growth of industrialization around the Chennai city, famine situation in the rural area, inadequate rain in the rural area, castism, rapidly and vast building construction activity in and around the city and information technology parks, has given surety for skilled, unskilled, semi-skilled jobs which are available to the deserving people. Most of the immigrated families who could not afford formal housing satisfy their need for housing by occupying available vacant land illegally and solving their housing problem and contribute to the creation of slums. In this study mainly aims to the income and expenditure activities of the Nochikuppam slum areas in Chennai city.

A STUDY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF SLUM HOUSEHOLDS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PORUR SLUM AREA, CHENNAI CITY

The dimension of the slums is presumed as something that is deteriorating urban areas that is densely populated and contains dilapidated housing, often in multiple occupations, poverty, social disadvantage and other forms of physical and social deprivation. Sprawl is a universal occurrence knowledgeable by inexpensively highly developed fine mounting nations. Hurried sprawl appropriate to “pull factor” or the livelihood occasion fashioned in the city and “push factor” owed to the be deficient in of the equivalent in rustic regions and together with ecological dilapidation, has fascinated settlers not barely as of the rustic state but in addition commencing supplementary fractions of the state. Expansion of mechanization roughly in capital of Tamil Nadu, in deprivation condition in the rustic locale, too little drizzle in the rustic part, castism, hastily and enormous edifice creation doings and approximately the city and in sequence expertise commons, has specified surety for accomplished, inexperienced, semi-skilled employments are existing to the justified citizens. In the present study main aims are income and expenditure activities of the Porur slum areas in Chennai city

Risk factors associated with bedbug (Cimex spp.) infestations among Hong Kong households: a cross-sectional study

To investigate the risk factors associated with bedbug infestations among Hong Kong households, self-reported questionnaires in Chinese were distributed online between June 2019 and July 2020. The questionnaire collected data on participants’ sociodemographics, history of bedbug infestation, and housing situation. Among the 663 participants who completed the questionnaire, 422 (63.7%) have experienced bedbug infestations in the past year, they were concentrated around the Kowloon region. Weighted bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were performed to identify the statistically significant (p value < 0.05) factors associated with bedbug infestations. Bivariate analysis shows a positive correlation between the number of reported dilapidated housing features and bedbug infestation. For multivariate analysis, those aged 45–64 (OR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.30–4.91), have primary education or below (OR = 9.43, 95% CI 3.12–28.44), and monthly household income ≤ HKD30,000 (OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.15–2.5) were more likely to have bedbug infestation compared to their respective reference groups, i.e., ≥ 65, tertiary education, and > HKD30,000; housing risk factors identified are living in subdivided flats (OR = 16.53, 95% CI 1.01–269.72), crowded household (OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.06–2.28), having second-hand furniture (OR = 2.97, 95% CI 1.16–7.58), housing cleanliness issues (OR = 2.66, 95% CI 1.13–6.25), and presence of bedbugs in neighbouring residential units (OR = 3.32, 95% CI 1.57–7.04) or on the streets (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.12–3.23). This study has identified lower income, lower education level, crowded household, living in subdivided flats, and certain dilapidated housing features to be risk factors of bedbug infestations; efforts and policies should prioritise vulnerable groups and focus on addressing the housing risk factors identified in this study.

The stranded cinderella and the wandering rascal. Two narratives of female housing exclusion

This article examines the life stories of two young Polish women who have faced severe marginalization and homelessness. The main aim of this article is to investigate how the notions of (in)visibility and (im)mobility are shaping participants' everyday lives and life stories they tell. Using concepts drawn from social sciences, as well as cultural and literary studies, this article attempts to reconstruct the narrative frameworks of their life stories. Marzena's story is a non-linear collection of adventures reminiscent of a picaresque novel, but with fractured agency, which leaves her powerless and restlessly moving around the city. Angelika, on the other hand, is trapped in a two-room dilapidated house with no running water, located in a rural part of Poland. Her narrative resembles a telenovela with melodramatic plot twists, romance and hard-to-believe revelations about the narrator's true self; further, it is a purposeful journey in search for happiness and fortune. Surprisingly, Marzena's mobility makes it unlikely for her to overcome homelessness, while the stranded Angelika finds the resilience necessary to improve her life. The proposed analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of women's experiences of homelessness and demonstrates the need to regard housing exclusion also as a biographical process.

Risk Factors of Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Among Residents in Endemic Communities in Southeast of Iran in 2019

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to identify the risk factors associated with the incidence of A.C.L in three endemic areas of Kerman City. Moreover, the residents’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards A.C.L were assessed. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 195 residents of three endemic areas in Kerman City involved by A.C.L disease from January to March 2019. The risk factors for A.C.L were recorded using a checklist. Structured questionnaire was administered for data collection. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, correlation analysis, and linear regression via SPSS version 22. Results: The main risk factors for A.C.L identified in the study areas included construction waste, presence of old and dilapidated houses, poor sanitary conditions, refugee and immigration, as well as the presence of domestic animals in close physical proximity to humans. The response rate of this questionnaire was 100 %. Among the respondents, 41.5 % were males and 58.5 % were females. Majority of the respondents (61%) claimed that they had heard about A.C.L and were familiar with this infectious disease. Only 25%, 66.7%, and 32% of the respondents had good knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards A.C.L, respectively. No significant association was found between the participants’ gender and their levels of knowledge (P = 0.827), attitudes (P = 0.446), and practices (P = 0.603). Conclusions: The residents of endemic areas had a weak level of knowledge towards A.C.L. So, educational programs should be implemented in order to improve the residents’ knowledge in Kerman City.

The Poe Shrine: Building the World's Finest Edgar Allan Poe Collection

The Poe Shrine: Building the World's Finest Edgar Allan Poe Collection

Historical Trends’ Analysis of Urban Planning (on the Example of Siberian Cities

Modern large cities are a combination of many interdependent processes that allow us to establish the laws of their interaction and importance. The relationship between materials, economic, geopolitical, natural structure of a city comes to the fore, since, an imbalance in their functioning can be noted at the cities’ development stage, which directly affects the city comfort. The issue of modern spatial planning, focusing on factors and aspects of urban development, the search for contradictions in relation to traditional models is highlighted in the study. It should be borne in mind that it is impossible to completely exclude traditional methods, and it’s worth focusing on the combination of accumulated experience and innovative means, in order to avoid the formation of depressive territories, peripheral residential areas, a separate dilapidated housing stock, and building logical spatial relationships.

The Mechanism for Managing Energy-Efficient Low-Rise Investment and Construction Projects Based on Public-Private Partnerships

The housing issue in Russia today is the most important and currently topical, since there is a great need for new housing, due to the significant number of people who need housing, as well as the need to solve the problem of relocating citizens from the dilapidated (emergency) housing stock. An analysis of the current scientific literature indicates poor knowledge of the issues of investment and construction projects aimed at low-rise housing construction, namely: imperfection of the regulatory framework on the issue under consideration, insufficient literature on low-rise housing construction. A detailed study also requires the issues of organizing the process of low-rise construction, developing the mechanisms for managing low-rise construction, construction of the housing that meets the necessary requirements of availability, safety, comfort, energy efficiency and environmental friendliness. The article discusses the issues related to evaluating the operational, organizational and investment attractiveness of investment-construction projects of the low-rise construction necessary for development of a mechanism of managing the investment-construction projects on the basis of the public-private partnership in terms of the implementing the project of low-rise housing on the basis of public private partnership for large-scale housing development in the suburbs of Tomsk.

Organizational And Technological Preparation Of Measures To Ensure The Reliability Of Buildings

The reasons for the negative dynamics of the current state of the country's housing stock and, in particular, the growth of hazardous and dilapidated housing are analyzed. The analysis established that the main cause of the unsatisfactory technical condition of housing stock are huge difference in strength of structures, components and systems of residential buildings, along with the extremely low level of maintainability, poor maintenance, not compliant to regulatory requirements, insufficient volumes of capital repairs of residential buildings, both in the past and currently. The problems of ensuring the reliability and operational and technical suitability of residential buildings at all stages of the life cycle are considered. Conceptual approaches to creating a system of organizational and technological preparation of measures to ensure the reliability of residential buildings throughout the life cycle- from design and construction to disposal (demolition). Methods of economically justified reservation of reliability of structures, elements and systems of residential buildings at the design and construction stages are presented. The methodological principles of development in the design and estimate documentation of instructions for the organization of technical operation, as well as forms and methods of organizational and technological preparation of operation and capital repairs are described. The necessity to create a unified system of organizational and technological preparation of complexes of measures covering all stages of the life cycle of residential buildings, which will improve the state of the housing stock of our country, is shown.

The Challenges of the Redevelopment of Old and Dilapidated Buildings in Mumbai: A Policy Perspective

Affordable housing is the biggest challenge being faced by the city of Mumbai, which styles itself as an emerging Global Financial Centre. The city has the image of being home to a stark dualism, with slums abutting modern skyscrapers. Over the years, adequate policy attention has been given to slums and with the implementation of the Slum Rehabilitation Scheme slum dwellers are being provided with housing in multi-storey buildings and are being granted tenancy rights to the dwellings. However, an emerging area of concern is the large housing stock that is non-slum but is old and dilapidated. The collapse of an old and dilapidated building in Dongri in July 2019 that killed twelve people and the one at Bhendi Bazaar in 2017 that killed thirty-three has brought this problem into the mainstream and new policies have been initiated to address the problem. Implementing these policies seems to be a challenge, and this is the result of different factors. This article looks at the housing problem in Mumbai from a policy perspective and analyses the implementation challenges of the new policy aimed at redeveloping the old and dilapidated housing stock.