Digital Strategy Research Articles

Exploring Factors Contributing Towards Purchase Intention of Yogyakarta’s Fashion Goods via Digital Marketing

To remain competitive in the VUCA era, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Yogyakarta need to strengthen their digital sales strategies to reach a broader customer base. This research investigates the factors influencing local consumers' purchase intentions towards Yogyakarta's products through digital marketing. Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Digital Marketing Mix model, data was collected via Google Forms using snowball sampling. The pilot test showed strong reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .97). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) identified six key factors from 47 items: Digital Marketing Mix (28 items; loadings 0.794–0.934), Consumer Engagement (7 items; loadings 0.779–0.856), Perceived Behavioral Control (3 items; loadings 0.905–0.924), Attitude (3 items; loadings 0.858–0.886), Purchase Intention (3 items; loadings 0.847–0.884), and Subjective Norm (3 items; loadings 0.840–0.907). The findings confirmed the scales' reliability and highlighted the impact of digital marketing on consumers' purchase intentions. This study suggests that the Theory of Planned Behavior and Digital Marketing Mix are influential in assessing purchase intentions for Yogyakarta's fashion goods, providing insights applicable to the broader Indonesian market. Based on these findings, MSMEs in Yogyakarta should develop effective digital marketing strategies, optimizing their marketing mix to positively influence consumer purchase intentions. This is crucial for adapting to rapid technological changes that may alter consumer behavior and for ensuring business sustainability.

Digital Twins for Research and Innovation in Support of the European Green Deal Data Space: A Systematic Review

According to the European Data Strategy established in 2020, the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) is described as “the basis for a science, research and innovation data space… and will be connected and articulated with the sectoral data spaces”, being one of the 14 European Common Data Spaces. While current cross-sectoral interactions with the EOSC are realised through the association’s Health Data Task Force, advancements in other EU priorities, such as the Green Deal and the Digital Strategy, should be accelerated in the green and digital transitions and integrated by reinforcing each other to be climate-neutral by 2050. With this motivation, this paper systematically reviews data spaces and digital twins (DTs) within the context of research and innovation. Specifically, focusing on the relevance of the EOSC to the Green Deal Data Space (GDDS) and DTs of the Earth, the relationship between them is explored using a topic search with various keyword combinations in the Web of Science and CORDIS databases. Based on the selected scientific articles and projects, collaboration opportunities are mapped to connect relevant stakeholders. Furthermore, existing and developing service components that could contribute to technical building blocks for the GDDS are identified. In summary, key findings are highlighted, addressing the current gaps and opportunities among the GDDS initiatives presented in this review.

Strategic changes and challenges of private dental clinics and practitioners in Israel: adapting to a competitive environment

BackgroundIn the 21st century’s digital age, health organizations face challenges from reduced public healthcare spending, creating a competitive market that impacts healthcare management. The struggle is hardest for small organizations, such as private clinics. Competing under unfavorable conditions, these small businesses must run as independent, profitable units in a government-regulated market where they are subject to numerous restrictions yet receive no financial support. In a world of increasing dependence on digital technologies, these small businesses must adopt competitive business models and be adaptive and flexible in embracing change.MethodsThis qualitative study is based on a thematic qualitative analysis of 20 in-depth, 45-minute-long interviews with dentists and owners of private dental clinics in various specialties. The study employs the strategic change model to examine how dentists who run private dental clinics implement new strategies and technologies to adjust to changes and create a competitive edge.ResultsSix main categories emerged from the analysis of the interviews: changes in the organization’s environment; instituting and assimilating changes; obstacles in embracing change; added value obtained from embracing the change; quality of care and service; and cost-benefit considerations. The categories were map and evaluated in light of the strategic change model. The analysis indicated that digital strategies have been only partially adopted, suggesting an absence of a cohesive, long-term strategic vision for the organizations.ConclusionsThe study explored the actions, perceptions, and challenges of adapting to a competitive digital market in dental private clinics. Based on these insights, recommendations have been provided for global change management, aiming for a sustainable and stable healthcare system that benefits the broader community.

Mobile Application for Digital Health Coaching in the Self-Management of Older Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions: A Development and Usability Study.

This study was conducted to develop a mobile application for digital health coaching to support self-management in older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Additionally, the usability of this application was evaluated. The HAHA2022 mobile application was developed through a multidisciplinary team approach, incorporating digital health coaching strategies targeting community-dwelling older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Usability was assessed with the Korean version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale. The usability tests involved eight expert panel members and 10 older adults (mean age, 74 ± 3 years; 90% women) from one senior welfare center. HAHA2022 is an Android-based mobile application that is also integrated into wearable devices to track physical activity. It features an age-friendly design and includes five main menus: Home, Action Plan, Education, Health Log, and Community. The average overall usability test scores-covering engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information-were 4.27 of 5 for the expert panel and 4.53 of 5 for the older adults. The HAHA2022 application was developed to improve self-management among communitydwelling older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Usability tests indicate that the application is highly acceptable and feasible for use by this population. Consequently, HAHA2022 is anticipated to be widely implemented. Nonetheless, further research is required to confirm its effectiveness through digital health intervention.

Sustainable Digital Transformation Roadmaps for SMEs: A Systematic Literature Review

Sustainable digital transformation in SMEs not only simplifies operations and increases efficiency but also fosters innovation, facilitates data-driven decision-making, and minimizes negative environmental and social impacts, paving the way for a sustainable competitive advantage in the digital age. However, SMEs still face significant barriers to implementing this transformation. In addition to limited financial resources, a critical obstacle is the lack of specific and comprehensible roadmaps. Thus, this paper aims to analyze existing roadmaps for sustainable digital transformation in SMEs. A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA and Methodi Ordinatio methods, with data collection and analysis performed using the NVivo 12 and VOSviewer software (version 1.6.20). Content analysis was used to assess how these papers align with the study’s context. The analysis identified whether the roadmaps address aspects related to the triple bottom line (TBL), their specificity to SMEs, the principles of digital transformation they incorporate, and the aspect of digital maturity. The findings indicate that none of the current literature provides a fully developed roadmap for sustainable digital transformation in SMEs. Consequently, future studies are suggested to develop a comprehensive roadmap that addresses these issues. Finally, this study highlights the main gaps and opportunities in each studied roadmap and formulates 14 research questions divided into six categories for future investigation. Addressing these questions can help close the current gaps in the literature and provide SMEs with robust, adaptable, and sustainable digital transformation strategies.

THE ENERGETIC TRANSITION OF SNP

The paper "THE ENERGETIC TRANSITION OF SNP" synthesizes the green strategies that the company must apply, according to the European Green Pact, in order to avoid the expansion of environmental pollution. Regarding strategic strategies and objectives, the paper will focus on presenting strategic directions such as the approach of the sulphur dioxide emission reduction strategy and the digital transformation strategy. As for the environmental policy, it follows the principles of precaution, prevention and correction of pollution at source and on the principle „ the polluter pays”. Also, within the paper we will analyse some graphs and statistics on the financial performance of OMV PETROM, highlighting the success that the company has in recent years precisely due to green investments!

“Social Media Has Been Helpful in Learning About Myself and Finding My Community”: The Affordances and Constraints of ICT‐Based Queer History Content Creation

ABSTRACTThis paper reports on findings from 31 semi‐structured interviews with North American Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs)‐based content creators who focus on LGBTQIA+ history. While the research broadly explored the information practices and digital preservation strategies of these content creators, this paper highlights how the participants navigated their respective ICT choices (ranging from personal blogs to Instagram accounts) and what affordances and constraints emerged from these choices. The paper highlights how such potentialities and pitfalls across varied social media and web‐based platforms informed the sociotechnical practices of queer historical knowledge production and how the participants leveraged the features of various ICTs to expand the visibility of queer‐affirming content and resources. The paper concludes by exploring these practices and their theoretical and practical implications for practitioners at the intersection of digital curation and archiving marginalized histories with an explicit emphasis on collaborative rather than extractive opportunities for collaboration between such content creators and cultural heritage institutions.

Digital traffic state analysis for urban regions considering complex multi-directional flow changes

In this research, a digital analytical model based on three-flow full-cycle state macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) with observable different perimeter control management and flow loading modes has been proposed on the basis of real network and peak hour traffic flow loading scenarios in Rostov-on-Don. It is known that the aim of digital management of urban intelligent traffic is to ultimately optimize the overall state of multi-area traffic operation in the city. The goal of this research was to provide a strong basis to establish digital management strategies for intelligent transport, determine the change trends of steady-state equilibrium of regional traffic flow and their effects on full-cycle states of traffic flow under various peripheral control management strategies and traffic loading patterns. Simulation results confirmed that with the evolution of traffic state, stricter peripheral control management always results in a wider attraction area ultimately giving rise to steady-state equilibrium of traffic flow.

Rethinking poverty: An econometric analysis of the role of ICT poverty in a global context

In an age of increasing digitalization, it is imperative for policymakers and researchers to grasp the profound impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on poverty. This paper investigates the relationship between ICT poverty and the absolute poverty index across the Global South and North from 2012 to 2022. Furthermore, it assesses the influence of ICT poverty on the risk of poverty or social exclusion in various geographic areas—cities, suburbs/towns, and rural regions—across 28 European countries. Employing a range of panel models, such as fixed/random effects and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), the study uncovers significant positive associations between ICT poverty and absolute poverty and the risk of poverty or social exclusion across all geographic areas. Our research indicates that policies aimed at reducing ICT inequality—commonly known as the “digital divide"—are more effective in alleviating poverty than those solely focused on promoting ICT development. Additionally, the study introduces a new policy framework, the ICTs-PGI Triangle, which offers a roadmap for policymakers to mitigate ICT poverty in both the Global South and North. The empirical results highlight the importance of providing equitable digital access and literacy, particularly in rural and marginalized areas, for sustainable poverty reduction. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights into the intricate interplay between digitalization and poverty alleviation strategies, addressing a significant gap in the current literature.

Transforming Teen Communication Through the Visual Influence of Social Media

General Background: Social media has become a significant platform for adolescents to express themselves and interact with others. The rise of visual-based communication through platforms such as Instagram has shifted traditional communication patterns, moving beyond text-based messaging to photo and video sharing. Specific Background: The rapid increase in social media use among teenagers presents an opportunity to study how these platforms influence communication patterns. While previous studies have explored social media impacts, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis focusing on the evolving nature of communication through visual content. Knowledge Gap: Although numerous studies have analyzed social media use, few have used bibliometric methods to systematically map the trends in adolescent communication patterns across various platforms. The role of visual communication through social media in reshaping teenage interaction patterns remains underexplored. Aims: This study aims to observe how social media use, particularly Instagram, has influenced adolescent communication patterns by employing bibliometric methods through VOSviewer software. Results: The bibliometric analysis identified a shift in adolescent communication patterns, with a growing emphasis on visual content like photos and videos rather than text-based communication. The data showed seven keyword clusters, mostly interconnected, with Instagram, communication, and adolescent communication being the most prominent topics in 2021, with 109 articles. Novelty: This research introduces a novel approach by applying bibliometric methods to analyze and visualize the impact of social media on teenage communication patterns, providing a clearer understanding of how communication has evolved in the digital age. Implications: The findings suggest that social media platforms are reshaping how teenagers communicate, with significant implications for future communication research and the development of digital communication strategies targeting adolescents. The use of bibliometric tools like VOSviewer enables researchers to map research trends effectively, offering new insights into social media’s role in modern communication patterns. Highlights: Social media promotes visual communication among adolescents, shifting from text. Bibliometric analysis identifies seven key clusters in Instagram-related research. VOSviewer effectively visualizes trends in teenage communication patterns. Keywords: social media, Instagram, teenage communication, bibliometric analysis, VOSviewer

Enhancing Environmental Awareness Among Entrepreneurs and Digital-Based Marketing Mechanisms for MSME Products

Environmental awareness among MSME actors in the Dauh Puri Kangin Village area is important to consider as it can positively impact the environment and public health. Here are some key points regarding the environmental awareness of MSME actors: 1. Applying business environmental ethics can reduce the negative impact of MSME production and create business sustainability. 2. Understanding and awareness among MSME actors are necessary for waste management. 3. The government needs to assist MSMEs by facilitating waste management, such as ensuring the operation of wastewater treatment facilities. In addition to environmental awareness, MSME actors also need to pay attention to other issues, such as limited business capital, licensing problems, financial management, lack of product innovation, and difficulties in business development. Digital marketing mechanisms for MSMEs in the Dauh Puri Kangin Village area can be implemented using digital technology and online platforms to achieve marketing goals. Some digital marketing strategies that MSMEs can adopt include: 1. MSMEs can create their own sales website to design the layout, ambience, product catalogue, and promotions. The website should be mobile-friendly for easy access via smartphones. 2. MSMEs can leverage social media as a promotional tool for sales. They can create special groups on platforms like WhatsApp and Line to send product catalogues to loyal customers. 3. MSMEs can collaborate with marketplaces to sell their products. Marketplaces like Shopee and Tokopedia provide security for MSMEs regarding payments. 4. MSMEs can implement email marketing as an online marketing strategy. 5. MSMEs can provide responsive and effective customer service through digital channels such as email, social media, and online chat. Important principles in digital marketing include understanding the target market and consumer behaviour in the digital space, identifying digital platforms that align with the target audience, and analyzing data to measure marketing performance.

Digital Transformation, Executive Incentives, and Bachelor's Education in Chinese A-share Listed Companies

This research investigates the interplay between digital transformation, executive incentives, and executive education in Chinese A-share listed corporations. Using a comprehensive dataset, this study examines how executives' educational backgrounds, specifically those with bachelor's degrees, influence their adoption of digital transformation initiatives. The findings highlight that CEOs with bachelor's degrees demonstrate higher adaptability to digital transformation, leveraging their exposure to contemporary educational curricula and technological advancements. Furthermore, the study explores various incentive systems, such as bonuses and stock options, which effectively motivate executives to implement digital strategies successfully.This research contributes by emphasizing the critical alignment of executive incentives with digital transformation goals. It underscores the importance of educational preparedness in equipping leaders with the requisite skills to navigate and lead in the digital era. These insights are crucial for policymakers and corporate boards aiming to enhance organizational performance through targeted executive development and robust incentive structures.

PECULIARITIES OF MARKETING AND BRANDING IN THE CONFECTIONERY AND CAFE INDUSTRY

The purpose of this article is to determine the essence and theoretical features of marketing and branding in the confectionery and cafe industry, as well as the challenges associated with marketing activities in these establishments. The main research methods used in the article include induction, synthesis, analysis, comparison, and generalization. The specific features of marketing activities in confectioneries and cafes have been identified. The impact of marketing efforts on service delivery in these establishments has been studied. Key problems arising from marketing activities and brand promotion in confectioneries and cafes have been identified. Various tools used in marketing efforts within this industry, which constitute the marketing mix or marketing complex, have been explored. The peculiarities of developing a marketing plan for confectioneries and cafes using the “5R+1C” integrated marketing model, and elements of the marketing mix specific to the food industry, are discussed. The ecosystem of the internet marketing strategy for confectioneries and cafes is outlined. The necessity for increasing social media activity (SMM) and enhancing market recognition, as well as developing a user-friendly website with online table reservations and sweet order functionalities, has been emphasized. Directions for optimizing the digital strategy effectiveness for confectioneries and cafes, focused on improving brand recognition among target audiences, are proposed. Factors influencing the selection of Google’s contextual media network for the promotion of confectioneries and cafes are outlined. The required changes for social media pages and websites to enhance brand promotion are discussed. International experiences regarding the efficacy of business tools in the food industry, incorporating marketing concepts, are also explored. The main idea of advertising campaigns, centered around creating favorable conditions for customer purchases and replicating the brand’s style in every part of the establishment, is reviewed. The specifics of consumer loyalty, shaped by the brand’s appearance, communication, establishment design, and available offerings, are also examined.

The Business Leadership of the State-Owned Enterprises: Impact of the Digital Transformations

The article explores the digital transformation of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) through a bibliometric analysis. The study analyses the scientific literature to understand the current trends, challenges, and emerging themes surrounding the digitalization of SOEs across various industries. Digital transformation, which involves integrating technologies like AI, IoT, and big data, is crucial for improving operational efficiency, reducing costs, and ensuring sustainability in such key sectors as energy, transportation, and telecommunications, where SOEs often play a pivotal role. The research uses bibliometric tools, specifically Scopus and the Biblioshiny App, to map out the literature on digital transformation in SOEs, analyze keywords, and identify thematic clusters in the body of research. The study highlights the significant publication growth, particularly from 2018 onwards, and points to digital transformation, corporate governance, and green innovation as dominant research themes. These themes illustrate how SOEs leverage digital technologies to improve service delivery, increase transparency, and meet environmental targets. The study observed a rapid increase in research output related to SOE digital transformation, particularly from 2020 to 2023. The leading contributors were journals such as Finance Research Letters, Sustainability (Switzerland), and Technological Forecasting and Social Change. The central themes of the analyzed publications included digital transformation, corporate governance, green innovation, and environmental performance. These were classified as “motor themes” due to their high centrality and well-developed nature, indicating their pivotal role in SOE research. The analysis revealed strong links between keywords such as digital transformation, information asymmetry, and innovation. These connections highlight the critical role of digital technologies in enhancing transparency, efficiency, and sustainability within SOEs. The study reveals that the digital transformation of SOEs is a critical area of research, with a growing emphasis on sustainability and innovation. The analysis underscores the need for further studies on the financial impacts of digitalization, the role of government policies, and cross-country comparisons to fully understand how different regulatory and economic environments influence the digital transformation processes in SOEs. By leveraging emerging technologies, SOEs can better align with national digital strategies and contribute to broader policy goals such as energy efficiency and inclusive growth.

Business development management tools in the digital economy

The peculiarities of the digital environment, which contribute to the rapid growth of instability in enterprises' activities, are highlighted. The need to refine certain aspects and tools of traditional strategic planning is substantiated. The essence of digital transformation as a strategic process of business change—based on client-centric principles, systemic innovation, business model adaptation, active data usage, and competency development—is defined. The problems facing Ukrainian companies in digital transformation are highlighted, including insufficient strategy development, organizational culture misalignment with necessary changes, a shortage of digital skills, outdated technologies, lack of coordination between old and new technologies, and the high costs of implementing innovations. The approach to the digital transformation strategy is viewed as a tool for setting priorities that provides businesses with competitive advantages in rapidly changing markets through the application of digital technologies to solve new business challenges. Potential directions for ensuring the flexibility of a digital strategy are highlighted, such as developing partnerships and cooperation, utilizing big data analysis and predictive analytics for real-time decision-making, and employing flexible technologies for both implementation and strategy development. A hypothesis about the feasibility of developing a minimally viable strategy is proposed. As an additional method for increasing the flexibility of the digital transformation strategy, a modular structure for its design is proposed, based on the concept of business architecture, establishing a close connection between enterprise strategy, business model, and IT architecture. A brief overview of digital business models is provided, indicating that ecosystem-type business models, including digital platforms, are the most successful in the digital environment. The stages of digital transformation are outlined, and additional tools for their implementation are considered, such as digital maturity assessment models, a system of key indicators, and a digital transformation road map. A generalized structure of the toolkit for strategic management of business development in the digital environment is proposed, particularly aligned with the stages of digital transformation implementation.

ANALISIS DIGITAL MARKETING DAPAT MENINGKATKAN PURCHASE INTENTION PRODUK UMKM MELALUI CONTENT MARKETING DI KABUPATEN PENAJAM PASER UTARA

This study aims to analyze the influence of digital marketing on the purchase intention of MSME products in Tengin Baru Village, Penajam Paser Utara Regency, with content marketing as a mediator. The method used is SEM-PLS with Smart PLS 3.0, testing the relationship between digital marketing, content marketing, and the purchase intention of MSME consumers. The research results show that digital marketing has a significant effect on purchase intention with a path coefficient of 0.786, and a strong influence on content marketing with a path coefficient of 0.812. Additionally, content marketing mediates the effect of digital marketing on purchase intention with a path coefficient of 0.296, though its influence is smaller compared to the direct effect of digital marketing. The discussion reveals that digital marketing strategies are crucial for MSMEs to increase consumer purchase intention. Content marketing plays an important role as a mediator, strengthening the influence of digital marketing by building closer relationships with consumers and increasing brand awareness. These findings are consistent with previous research that emphasizes the importance of content marketing in maximizing digital marketing strategies. In conclusion, digital marketing has proven to be effective in enhancing purchase intention, especially when supported by engaging and relevant content marketing. Therefore, MSMEs in Penajam Paser Utara should prioritize digital marketing while enhancing content strategies to maximize their impact on consumer purchase intention. For future research, MSMEs in this region are advised to continue developing digital marketing strategies and improve their literacy and skills in creating effective content marketing to strengthen their influence on consumer purchase intention.

A survey study on Industry 4.0 for Moroccan manufacturing

In this article, a field study is conducted to analyze the state of enterprises in Morocco in the face of digitalization by studying large, small, and medium-sized enterprises. This study focuses mainly on researching the factors that influence their decision to adopt a digital strategy. Using the AHP multi-criterion method, a precise selection was made based on the opinions of experts in the field. To make this choice, a precise methodology was used: brainstorming and a weighted vote. An online survey was conducted, and 34 companies were interviewed to analyze the ways in which they are adopting digitalization, to present the most commonly used digital tools, and to study the impact, benefits, and obstacles of a digital strategy. A data analysis was applied by combining R with SPSS. The findings of this study show that Morocco is beginning to incorporate digitization into its practices, and more precisely, into the supply chain's operations, but that this use is still quite limited to certain tools and practices. They emphasize the underlying causes, highlight the benefits of digitization, and compare the levels of corporate maturity compared to digital. Six factors have been identified to influence this decision. This article contributes to an existing gap in empirical studies that highlight the integration of digital strategies, focusing on the case of Morocco. It provides useful data that can significantly improve management methods and encourage the integration of digital strategies, regardless of their size, making it a significant contribution to researchers and even industries.

Business Empowerment through Digital Marketing Strategy and Accounting Report at KWT Permata

Women Farmers Group (KWT) is a forum that provides opportunities for women to participate in advancing the agricultural sector. One example is KWT Permata, which is expected to provide opportunities for women in villages to channel their abilities in cultivating agricultural land. Activities held by KWT Permata, such as technical training, business management, and product marketing, aim to improve women's self-actualization in their social environment. This study will explore the role of KWT in empowering village women in Bali, especially through kombucha production, the challenges faced, and its impact on their economic and social welfare. KWT Permata has been well managed and has been touched by assistance from the Government to support the work of the KWT, but there is no or does not yet know the procedures for bookkeeping/daily records related to production, income, costs, profit and loss , so they really don't know clearly the financial conditions and positions, there is no marketing model to promote their products, the packaging is still simple and does not have a brand, and the conditions and environment of the business premises in terms of marketing are very far from the city so that the scope of product marketing is limited.

Utilization of Technology in MSME Marketing Strategy Through Digital Media

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) increasingly use digital marketing to increase visibility, competitiveness, and turnover. The methods used in this community service include lectures, question and answer, and promotional simulations with social media. This program aims to train MSMEs in using digital technology for marketing. The discussion in this article is the application of digital marketing strategies and it is hoped that this training will have an impact on the skills of MSMEs players so they can carry promotions effectively and efficiently.

The Influence of Digital Marketing and Service Quality on Customer Loyalty among Gojek Users (Case Study of FISIP Students at Riau University)

This research aims to identify and analyze the influence of digital marketing and service quality on customer loyalty among Gojek users, with a focus on students at the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (FISIP) at Riau University. The research method used was a survey using a questionnaire distributed to respondents who were Gojek users among FISIP students at Riau University. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results of this research show that digital marketing has a significant influence on customer loyalty among Gojek users among FISIP students at Riau University. Apart from that, service quality also has a significant influence on customer loyalty among Gojek users among FISIP students at Riau University. Thus, it can be concluded that both digital marketing and service quality have an important role in forming customer loyalty on the Gojek platform among FISIP students at Riau University. It is hoped that the findings from this research can contribute to the development of digital marketing strategies and improve service quality for Gojek and other similar companies in increasing customer loyalty, especially among FISIP students at Riau University and can also be a reference for further research in the same field.