Digital Workspace Research Articles

Cross-Cultural Use of Technology in Management Education

Personal technologies are ingrained into our everyday living and smartphones are prominent cohabitants. Higher Education settings view the integration of technology and heavily digitized individuals into education settings as a double-edged sword. The purpose of this paper is to explore the use and effect of purposeful as well as non- purposeful digital behaviors. A mixed methods approach looked at both student (389 survey respondents) and teacher (30 interviews) perspectives and behaviors on smartphone use in higher education in China, Australia and France. The authors found that technology usage in class leads to poorer individual academic performance. This relationship was complicated by improved student outcomes for certain social media platforms usage in the classroom setting. Student in- class smartphone usage influenced teaching workloads, feelings of control and motivation. Smartphone usage in the classroom exhibited inadvertent effects on teamwork and similar effects were seen across countries for both students and teachers. Future studies need to explore the behavioral drivers behind cyberloafing to enable the creation of suitable nudges within settings to drive positive outcomes and the creation of a nurturing digital culture. Digital activities within the educational and organization environment are less transparent as the responsibility for managing this increased digitization needs a mechanism for consensus by all parties involved, in a constantly changing digital work-space. This study combines the exploration of purposeful as well as non-purposeful smartphone usage from both the student as well as the teacher perspective across two disciplines and three culture settings.

Fibs and fripperies: References to the real in digital illustration

Abstract This article considers the phenomenon of illustrators digitally mimicking traces of the handmade as ornament. It will explore whether these decorative tendencies are Adolf Loos' backward or degenerative tendency, or a generous contribution to our visual environment. It will ask why illustrators falsify the smudges, spills, textures and shadows of paper-based work within the digital workspace, what is gained and lost by doing so, and for whom? These questions will be explored in relation to interviews with two contemporary editorial illustrators and their work, to unpick the professional benefits of the phenomenon, coupled with a foray into theoretical perspectives on ornament. In this regard, the article will consider the benefit of treating ornament as labour, and also whether illustration is suffering from Herbert Read's horror vacui, in order to understand what happens when these terrifying empty spaces within images are filled with introduced artefacts. The discussion will also take skeuomorphism into account to explore the phenomenon, which then raises questions concerning illustration's 'usability'. The article draws upon wildly different perspectives and practices from other fields as it seeks to consider the pleasures and pitfalls of a richly-ornamented composition, and ultimately argues that making 'noise' can be seen as a generous, temporal and critical act.

758. High-Throughput Mining of Electronic Medical Records Using Generalizable Autonomous Scripts

BackgroundThe electronic medical record (EMR) has become a modern compendium of health information, from broad clinical assessments down to an individual’s heart rate. The wealth of information in these EMRs hold promise for clinical discovery and hypothesis generation. Unfortunately, as these systems have become more robust, mining them for relevant clinical information is hindered by the overall data architecture, and often requires the expertise of a clinical informatician to extract relevant data. However, as the information presented to the clinician through the digital workspace is derived from the core EMR database, the format is well structured and can be mined using text recognition and parsing scripts.MethodsHere we present a program which can parse output from Epic Hyperspace®, generating a relational database of clinical information. To facilitate ease of use, our protocol capitalizes on the familiarity of Microsoft Excel® as an intermediary for storing the raw output from the EMR, with data parsing and processing scripts written in SAS V9.4 (Cary, North Carolina).ResultsAs a proof of concept, we extracted the diagnosis codes and standard laboratories for 190 patients seen in our Congenital Cytomegalovirus Clinic at Texas Children’s Hospital in Houston, Texas. Manual extraction of these data into Microsoft Excel® took 1 hour, and the scripts to parse the data took less than 5 seconds to run. Data from these patients included: 3800 ICD-10 codes (along with their metadata) and 33,000 individual laboratory values. In total, more than 850,000 characters were extracted from the EMR using this technique. Manual review of 10 randomly selected charts, found the data in perfect concordant with the EMR, a direct reflection of the fidelity of the parsing scripts. On average, an experienced user was able to enter three ICD-10 codes each minute, and six individual laboratory values per minute. At best, this same process would have taken at least 110 hours using a conventional chart review technique.ConclusionHigh-throughput data mining tools have the potential to improve the feasibility of studies dependent upon information stored in the EMR. When coupled with specific content knowledge, this approach can consolidate months of data collection into a day’s task.Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures

Using Slack to communicate with medical students.

Academic libraries often make use of social networks like Facebook and Twitter to connect with their student users. While the Spokane Academic Library at Washington State University also employs this outreach strategy, the health sciences librarian was able to use a new type of social network called Slack to communicate more directly with the inaugural class of the Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine. As a digital workspace for communication and collaboration, Slack provided the medical librarian with an effective medium through which to post library announcements and updates, as well as have individual conversations with students about library-related questions and concerns.

Web Information System for the Governance of University Research

Technology development has proved crucial in analyzing and processing the volume of scientific information that is generated today. Governments are developing scientific and technical information systems that, beyond a database, are a real tool for supporting research management and decision-making in the field of science and technology policy. For the development of higher education in Morocco, the ministry has focused on projects for the management and development of university research. For this purpose, Abdelmalek Essaadi University developed an efficient application dedicated to the management of collaborative extranet called SIMarech (Moroccan Information System of Scientific Research), in order to support, organize and structure all academic activities. It will enable all university stakeholders to use a digital workspace specific to their roles, to access and share information, and interact and engage in national scientific research. This article presents an overview of research management systems and the design and development of SIMarech, which is designed as a tool for monitoring research conducted by a university or other institutions.

A week of manuscript studies with the digital workspace “mirador@ubleipzig”

Im 6. Alfried Krupp-Sommerkurs fur Handschriftenkultur, der im September 2017 an der Universitatsbibliothek Leipzig stattfand, wurde zum ersten Mal der digitale Workspace „mirador@ubleipzig“ eingesetzt. Dieser basiert auf der IIIF-Technologie und erlaubt es, Digitalisate aus verschiedenen Quellen in eine personalisierte Arbeitsumgebung zu laden sowie Annotationen und Kommentare zu bestimmten Bildregionen einzufugen und abzuspeichern. Nach dem Sommerkurs wurde eine Evaluation zur Usability des Workspaces unter den Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern durchgefuhrt, die ein positives Echo zeigte und wichtige Impulse zur Weiterentwicklung der Software gab. In the 6 th Alfried Krupp Summer School for Manuscript Culture that took place in September 2017 at the Leipzig University Library, we introduced the IIIF-based digital workspace “mirador@ubleipzig”, which allows to display and examine digitized images from different sources in a personal workspace and to make and save annotations pointing to specific regions of the images. After the Summer School we performed a usability evaluation among the participants, who gave a very positive feedback and precious hints for the further development of the software.

Slack

Slack is a cloud-based digital workspace and information management system used to manage productivity and improve team efficiency

Imagination's hand: The role of gesture in design drawing

• A gestural mark in drawing is correlated with design ability. • Literature of Embodied Cognition on hand gestures used to examine why. • Retention of freehand drawing and changes to digital workspace are advocated.

Radiologist Digital Workspace Use and Preference: a Survey-Based Study.

Literature regarding the heterogeneity of and preferences for radiology workstation design-and, in particular, the digital workspace of the radiology workstation-is scant. The purpose of this study was to determine the nature of the digital environments across the specialty and the degree of satisfaction users associated with the particular facets of those environments. A survey was sent to the membership of the Association of University Radiologists in February 2015. The survey comprised 10 questions establishing demographics, current typical workstation setup, perceived satisfaction with that setup, and preferences for potential altered setups. A total of 336 radiologists responded, with a cross-section similar to that described in the 2015 ACR annual workforce survey (1). Although there was a rough split in the number of radiologists using one or two non-diagnostic monitors (46 vs. 51%, respectively), the strong majority (75%) of radiologists use two diagnostic monitors. Users of two non-diagnostic monitors were more likely to keep open the case info (87 vs. 68%) and EMR (84 vs 68%). More senior radiologists tended to find the current setup easy more frequent than younger radiologists, and the latter group was more likely to believe additional monitors would be helpful. Although many radiologists are comfortable with their computing workflows, a significant number indicate dissatisfaction and may be interested in being able to specify the amount of monitor space with which they can work. Additional monitors may promote improved quality in addition to any potential productivity gains.

Group consultations: Developing dedicated, technological spaces for collaborative writing and learning

Abstract Using activity theory as a framework, the authors studied how the design of a digital workspace in a multiliteracy center influenced collaboration between human and non-human actors. The authors identified two types of spaces that facilitated collaborative practices in the digital workspace: interstitial and surrounding. The interstitial space was the space between human actors in a consultation and the surrounding space was the space directly outside of human actors in a consultation. Findings suggested that the placement of particular high- and low-tech tools and technologies within these spaces heavily influenced the work that occurred. Furthermore, the shape and style of the furniture in the space also had an impact, with rounded tables and chairs on wheels fostering mobility in the space which also impacted collaboration. Finally, tutor and tutee perceptions of the space also heavily influenced the work that occurred, as there was a common perception that the space would be conducive to group consultations or consultations using technology despite the space being designed with all potential consultations in mind.

Small pulmonary nodule localization with cone beam computed tomography during video-assisted thoracic surgery: a feasibility study.

To describe a non-invasive guidance procedure, using intraoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and augmented fluoroscopy to guide lung resection during video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Patients with solitary or multiple lung nodules between 5 and 20 mm in size were included. Under general anaesthesia, a moderate pneumothorax allowing the CBCT acquisition was first performed. Then a segmentation of the lesion was performed on a 3D reconstruction. A projection of this 3D reconstruction was then integrated into the digital workspace and automatically registered into the fluoroscopic images, creating an augmented fluoroscopy. The procedure was continued under classic video-thoracoscopic vision taking account of the augmented fluoroscopy to locate the targeted nodule. Eight patients were included (mean age 61 ± 11.7 years): 7 patients had an isolated lesion and 1 patient had two lesions (mean size 13.2 ± 5.1 mm). Their mean depth to the pleura was 21.4 ± 10.7 mm. Four patients underwent a wedge resection associated with lymph node resection. Two patients had an initial wedge resection followed by a complementary lobectomy associated with lymph node resection (primary lung tumour). One patient had a wedge resection in the upper lobe and a lobectomy of the inferior lobe associated with lymph node resection. One patient underwent a conversion and a bilobectomy due to vascular injury. The mean global operating time was 100.6 ± 36.7 min. All the nodules have been identified on the CBCT acquisitions. The segmentation of the lesion has been performed in all cases. We have been able to detect all the nodules and to successfully perform the resection in all cases owing to the augmented fluoroscopy. The mean fluoroscopic time was 134.2 ± 55.0 s. The mean imaging time, between the incision and the final nodule localization, was 11.8 ± 3.8 min. This paper is the first describing a clinical application of CBCT performed during thoracic surgery. Associated with augmented reality, it offers a significant progress in VATS resection of subpalpable lung nodules. This preliminary experience highlights the potential of the proposed CBCT approach to improve the perception of targeted small tumours during VATS.

Abstract P5-09-11: Hear my voice: Preparing women with metastatic breast cancer for community engagement

Abstract Background: Findings from the Metastatic Breast Cancer Alliance's 2014 Landscape Analysis indicate that women living with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) face challenges in accessing needed education and support resources, feel isolated from the wider breast cancer community, and encounter public misconceptions about the diagnosis, its causes and its ability to be treated. To address these areas of need, Living Beyond Breast Cancer (LBBC) created the Hear My Voice: Metastatic Breast Cancer Outreach Volunteer training program to provide intensive training to a small group of women living with MBC. Program goals for participants included: • to become leaders in their physical and digital MBC communities • to connect themselves and others to MBC resources • to raise public awareness about the realities of the MBC Methods: LBBC launched online recruitment in conjunction with its Annual Conference for Women Living With Metastatic Breast Cancer. More than 80 women applied for 25 seats. LBBC provided financial assistance to offset travel and lodging costs for participants. During an intensive 1-day training, facilitators shared information about the current landscape of MBC information, research, and psychosocial needs. Participants learned about the spectrum of advocacy and public speaking. They began identifying areas of advocacy and practiced sharing their stories. Following the training, the conference provided medical and quality-of -life information and allowed for additional networking and brainstorming. Results: The 3-day program enrolled 31 women from 18 states. Of participants, 26% were women of color; 15% lived in rural areas, 29% were diagnosed with de novo metastatic breast cancer, and 71% were diagnosed before age 45 (age range: 24 -68). Participants connected with others who could relate to their unique diagnosis and treatment situation and brainstormed ideas to begin addressing gaps in services, information, and support. Participants commit to two outreach projects in either their physical or digital communities, help LBBC plan for and lead an MBC awareness day across social media platforms on September 21, 2015, and participate in monthly conference calls through December 2015. Since the training, participants have applied for positions on research review committees, launched blogs, testified before government bodies, collaborated with local nonprofits and health systems to improve their inclusion of MBC needs, participated in training as peer support mentors, and shared vital resources with their healthcare providers and peers. Participants continue to advise and support one another through a closed Facebook group where they share outreach ideas as well as health status, treatment, and well-being updates. Conclusions: Providing a physical and digital workspace and a shared goal for a small group whose diagnosis often marginalizes them creates a supportive atmosphere that allows participants to explore ideas and interests and create initiatives that have an immediate impact in their home and online communities. National nonprofit organizations can effect change in discrete and diverse communities by empowering women living with MBC to identify gaps in services, information, and support and begin addressing them with guidance from their national partner. Citation Format: Ormerod CL, Fawzy Morales JL, Guglielmino J, Hanson AA, Creme Henry CM. Hear my voice: Preparing women with metastatic breast cancer for community engagement. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-09-11.

Obeah and the Early Caribbean Digital Archive

In conjunction with this special issue of Atlantic Studies, the Early Caribbean Digital Archive (ECDA) – developed at Northeastern University and available at ecdaproject.org – has created a collaborative archival project, “Obeah and the Caribbean.” This project consists, in part, of a digital exhibit of original obeah texts including a number of the primary sources that are discussed throughout the articles in this volume of Atlantic Studies. The ECDA is designed to serve not only as a repository but also as a digital commons and laboratory space for researchers and students interested in the early Caribbean: users of the site can curate, annotate, and discuss early Caribbean materials that are included in the archive. We invite readers of this issue to further engage and experiment with primary sources and to collaborate with other scholars by way of this exhibit and the digital workspace of the ECDA + CoLab. In the brief essay below, we discuss some of the core intellectual issues that inform the ECDA and our project on obeah.

III: Latin Philosophy. Section 2: Commentaries on Peter Lombard’s Sentences

This report recounts the activities in the last year of the SIEPM Project on commentaries on Peter Lombard’s Sentences. A major step was taken in generating a digital workspace for the Project that will facilitate international co-operation as well as provide the collected data to a scholarly public. Two meetings of the members of the Project took place in Basel and Paris, and there were changes in the organization of the team.

Cultural Analytics in Large-Scale Visualization Environments

Researchers can use a large-scale collaborative digital workspace combined with visual analysis techniques to progressively develop and refine hypotheses to apply in gaining new insights into large, digital image collections.

Improving megaproject briefing through enhanced collaboration with ICT

Aims The paper reviews the development of information and communication technology in briefing and proposes a collaborative briefing framework to extend key stakeholder engagement, aiming to improve the efficiency and reliability of project briefing for megaprojects. Scope Authors introduce an innovative collaborative approach to promote stakeholder involvement by enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of managing a large group of stakeholders, harnessing collaboration technology. Drawing parallels with biological neural networks in humans, a conceptual collaborative briefing framework is proposed to demonstrate how briefing team members can work collaboratively as a virtual organisation through a shared digital workspace. This framework has five core elements: integrated briefing team, collaborative briefing job plan, computer supported cooperative work platform, requirements processing models and facilitation models. Conclusion The proposed framework supplements face-to-face discussion with computer mediated discussion, depending on the type, flexibility and interaction needed for different aspects in briefing. This “hybrid briefing method” would maximise the benefits to costs ratio of expanded stakeholder engagement in project briefing. The framework is expected to promote the accuracy and transparency of ‘requirements identification’ processing, the effective engagement and appropriate integration of more stakeholder inputs and finally, to improve the efficiency and reliability of briefing outputs. Lastly, some framework limitations are discussed, aimed at further development and a computer prototype.

Digital support for net-based teamwork in early design stages

The early stages of the Product Development Process are the most important ones. Decisions made here affect the success of a new product. Owing to the complexity of products, a multidisciplinary knowledge is required. In the globalised world, the company's internal and external experts are spread all over the world. Time and cost pressure impedes teamwork with personal attendance. As a result, personal meetings are strictly limited and teamwork is often reduced to e-mail or phone communication, combined with shared document repositories. Especially for these early stages in product development, there is no suitable support by means of Information Technology. Creativity methods like brainstorming have been shown to be valuable in this phase. But in order to support them, it is very important not to influence the user's creativity by handling an intricate computer system. Thus, we introduce a system which allows a net-based collaboration that goes far beyond today's existing technology. In addition to typical audio and video communication, intuitive interfaces like pencils or erasers allow users to work simultaneously on a shared digital workspace. Therefore, the system supports not only net-based collaboration, but also co-located teams to perform team sessions in the early stages on an intuitive digital basis.

The Electronic Schoolbag, a CSCW workspace: presentation and evaluation

This paper describes the Electronic Schoolbag, a digital workspace developed at the University of Savoie (France) and analyses its usages. This online environment is dedicated to the educational world: it offers pupils, students, teachers, school staff, or parents, personal and group workspaces in which individual or collaborative activities can take place. The flexibility of this software, allowing synchronous or asynchronous activities, lies in the “participation model”. This model allows groups themselves to describe and organise their activities. The architecture that permits its implementation in the Electronic Schoolbag workspace is described. The study of the practices of the workspace is then presented. This requires different observation methods, according to the different procedures chosen: real practices provided by quantitative methods (analysis of the logs of the actions and questionnaires) and imagined practices provided by qualitative methods (semi-directive interviews). The results obtained from the university users allow us to assess the evolution of the usages for different periods and on different university sites. The observatory also lets us list the main uses of the Electronic Schoolbag for educative communication (collaborative vs. individual, informative vs. communicative).

Digital Reflection: The Integration of Digital Imaging Technology into the Creative Practice of Printed Surface Pattern and Textile Designers

Early phenomenological research into the impact of digital imaging on the creative practice of artists and designers of textiles and surface pattern indicates three key areas in which its deployment is initiating change in surface design. These include the development of a new visual language, the evolving of processes and craft techniques in the elaboration of surface and the use of digital communication, Internet and email as an integral resource in the generation and dissemination of work.This paper seeks to explore issues fundamental to the changing nature of practice that arise from the integration of digital technology. New material sourced from case study research, informal recorded interviews, meetings, and personal correspondence, illustrates the way in which a selected group of individual innovatory artists and textile practitioners are using digital technology in their working practice. Reflection upon the creative strategies deployed and the visual outcomes produced indicates several emergent issues. These include the implications of working in virtual rather than physical space, the difficulties posed by the lack of global true colour fidelity, and the way in which the digital workspace is impacting on creative practice. The digital functions of cut and paste, layering and the ability to record and iterate the actions that build the surface are influencing the visual nature of the work created. This, along with the rapid production of virtual surfaces, is stimulating new methods and processes in their physical elaboration.Historically, technological innovation has been instrumental in changing the visual dynamics of the final textile or surface outcome. Digital technology is likely to prove no exception. Problems, difficulties and concerns that are highlighted indicate areas of current and likely future research in this field.