Digital Video Watermarking Algorithm Research Articles

Compressed domain based robust digital video watermarking scheme to protect the copyright

<p><span>Digital video watermarking is an effective way to protect the ownership of the multimedia contents. A novel compressed domain based digital video watermarking algorithm scheme is proposed by exploiting MPEG-2 structure. Watermark bits are embedded in DC and AC coefficients both of only smooth discrete cosine transform (DCT) blocks from selected I-frames in the original digital video. The algorithms never exploited entire frames but explore only three location from the subset of DCT blocks from the subgroup of I-frames only. This process maintains the perceptibility of the watermarked video. Two parameters, normalized correlation (NC) and bit error rate (BER) are used to evaluate the degree of similarity and dissimilarity respectively to check the robustness against image processing and video specific intentional and non-intentional attacks. The security of embedded watermark is enhanced by applying three cryptographic keys. The experimental results demonstrated that the better robustness and perceptibility achieved by comparing the results with the state of art. </span></p>

Robust video watermarking using a hybrid DCT-DWT approach

In order to solve the limitations of the digital video watermarking algorithm, this paper proposes a new robust video watermarking algorithm using combining discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) techniques. First of all, the video frames are randomly selected and then the DCT algorithm is applied to the selected video frames. After that, the first column of the selected video frames is scrambled using the Arnold algorithm. Furthermore, every column with 4 direct current (DC) coefficients is reshaped and transformed into four different sub-bands using the DWT technique. Next, the watermark is embedded into the approximation (LL) sub-band. The proposed algorithm is easy to carry out because it provides random frames with no special requirements for video frames. The experiment results indicate that this algorithm can resist against different kinds of watermarking attacks, such as the Gaussian filter attack and sharpen attack. In addition, it also illustrates that the proposed algorithm has a better result than some other watermarking algorithms.

Digital video watermarking algorithm robust against video container format changes

A digital watermark embedding algorithm robust against any changes of a video container format with the use of a three-dimensional (3D) discrete cosine transform is proposed. For embedding the three-dimensional (3D) method based on Koch and Zhao’s two-dimensional (2D) method is applied. The image of a digital watermark and its digital hologram as embedded information are used. Embedding is carried out in a YUV color scheme. Computer-simulation experiments are made. The proposed method proved to be robust against attacks of video container format changes.

A NOVEL DIGITAL VIDEO WATERMARKING TECHNIQUE BASED ON WAVELET, SVD AND CZ-TRANSFORM

Digital Watermarking is a technology of embedding data into digital multimedia content to verify the credibility of the content or to recognize the identity of digital content owner. To identify the ownership of the digital content a new digital video watermarking algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm divides frames of a cover video into three colour bands of red, green and blue. Then the accompanying three tasks are performed on every one of three colour bands independently. Initially, each colour band is divided into blocks of small sizes and afterward the entropy of each block is computed. At this step, a threshold is found based on the average entropy of all blocks and following is applied to all blocks associated with lower entropy than the threshold. A wavelet representation of each block is given by applying a discrete wavelet transform. Then Singular value decomposition, orthogonal-triangular decomposition, and a chirp z-transform are used to embed a watermark on the cover video. To check the robustness of the algorithm different signal processing attacks are applied on watermarked video. The Proposed algorithm is compared with singular value decomposition based blind watermarking algorithm. Experimental results shows that proposed algorithm outperforms the singular value decomposition based blind watermarking algorithm quantitatively in term of PSNR.

Digital video watermarking algorithm based on asymmetric causal spatio-temporal filter

ABSTRACTDigital video is vulnerable to accidental or malicious destruction in storage, transmission, processing, which damages the legitimate rights and interests of the product owners. Digital video watermarking technology is a mean to protect intellectual property rights. We analyze the basic principle of the 3D-Harris algorithm and Gabor filter method. By considering the temporal causality of the video, the common symmetrical filter is discarded. We design a causal filter which conforms to video characteristics and proposes an asymmetric causal filter in space–time domain. On this basis, an improved video watermarking algorithm is proposed, combining space–time feature points and DCT domain. The experimental results show that proposed algorithm can not only ensure high invisibility, and can effectively resist various attacks in time domain and space domain.

Discrete Multiwavelet–Based Video Watermarking Scheme Using SURF

This paper proposes a robust, imperceptible block-based digital video watermarking algorithm that makes use of the Speeded Up Robust Feature (SURF) technique. The SURF technique is used to extract the most important features of a video. A discrete multiwavelet transform (DMWT) domain in conjunction with a discrete cosine transform is used for embedding a watermark into feature blocks. The watermark used is a binary image. The proposed algorithm is further improved for robustness by an error-correction code to protect the watermark against bit errors. The same watermark is embedded temporally for every set of frames of an input video to improve the decoded watermark correlation. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DMWT domain video watermarking using SURF features is robust against common image processing attacks, motion JPEG2000 compression, frame averaging, and frame swapping attacks. The quality of a watermarked video under the proposed algorithm is high, demonstrating the imperceptibility of an embedded watermark.

An Improved Video Watermarking Algorithm Based on Relationship

This paper researched an improved digital video watermarking algorithm based on relationship. The algorithm combines the video processing and video coding compression principle which adopts improved Arnold algorithm as well as the technology of the block and carries out a series of replacement process in the DCT coefficients of the video frame YCbCr spatial luminance Y components. Meanwhile, we segment information watermark image, aiming at the information watermark and mark watermark to be double embedded to improve the watermark embedding capacity and computing speed of the algorithm. Simulation results show that this algorithm can keep good invisibility of watermark. It has good robustness to video compression processing and special video attacks which can realize the blind extraction and random watermark detection.

Imperceptible and Robust Blind Video Watermarking Using Chrominance Embedding: A Set of Approaches in the DT CWT Domain

Illegal distribution of a digital movie is a significant threat to the film industries. With the advent of high-speed broadband Internet access, a pirated copy of a digital video can be easily distributed to a global audience. Digital video watermarking is a possible means of limiting this type of digital distribution. In existing watermarking methods, the watermark is usually embedded into the luminance channel of a video frame, which affects imperceptibility. In addition, none of the existing techniques are robust to the combination of commonly used attacks, such as compression, upscaling, rotation, cropping, downscaling in resolution, frame rate conversion, and camcording. In this paper, we initially propose a basic blind digital video watermarking algorithm, where the watermark is embedded into one level of the dual-tree complex wavelet transform of the chrominance channel to provide high quality watermarked video and extracted using the same key that was used for embedding. This algorithm is robust to compression, upscaling, rotation, and cropping. An extension of this method extracts the watermark from any level(s) of the dual-tree complex wavelet transform depending on the resolution of the downscaled version of the watermarked frame rather than only from the embedding level to survive downscaling to an arbitrary resolution. Finally, the watermark of a frame is extracted from the information of that frame without using the key that was used during watermark embedding to provide robustness to temporal synchronization attacks, such as frame rate conversion. This scheme is also robust to compression, camcording, watermark estimation remodulation, temporal frame averaging, multiple watermark embedding, downscaling in resolution, and other geometric attacks, such as upscaling, rotation, and cropping.

Two Kinds of Digital Video Watermarking Algorithm Implement and Compare

With the rapid development of multimedia technology, large amounts of digital information turn into easy storage and transmission, at the same time, copyright protection and authentication become a problem to be solved. Digital Video is composed of a series of continuous static images, because of its own characteristic, general image watermarking technology is difficult to direct extension to the video signal. In this paper, by using DCT transform and DWT transform, combined with the mean quantization algorithm, using three dimensional frequency domain transformation, introduces two kinds of transformation to the 3D video watermarking technology, utilize the quantitative test method to prove the existence of the watermark, and through the attacked experiments to verify the low complexity and well imperceptibility and robustness about the video watermarking algorithm.

Digital video watermarking based on intra prediction modes for audio video coding standard

Digital video watermarking provides means for carrying information targeted for synchronization, error resilience or copyright protection. However, it is difficult to get a good trade-off between the embedding capacity, imperceptibility and efficiency. In this paper, a novel digital video watermarking algorithm based on intra prediction modes of AVS (audio video coding standard) is proposed. The algorithm hides one bit in each qualified intra 8 × 8 luma block by modifying intra 8 × 8 prediction modes based on the mapping rules between the modes and hidden bits. The specific positions of the host 8 × 8 blocks are determined by the features of every block and a position template indicated by the key. Watermark information can be retrieved by decoding the intra prediction modes from bitstream, requiring neither original media nor complete video decoding. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has little impact on video quality and video stream features. A comparatively high embedding rate is obtained with little impact on bit rate.

A New Digital Video Watermarking Algorithm

A new digital video watermarking algorithm for TV Program stream was proposed. Through technologies of thinning image and skeleton scaling, the size of embedded data is reduced. The compressed watermark signal is embedded into the unchanged area of I frame. The experimental results demonstrate that this method can not only ensure the desirable invisibility, but also avoid the computing cost of decoding.

A Semi-Blind Reference Video Watermarking using Hybrid Transforms for Copyright Protection

When network and storage devices become more popular, the digital data more easily and more quickly will be distributed. Can be easily pirated copy and did not limit a large number of multimedia information (images, audio and video). Therefore, people are increasingly concerned about the protection of intellectual property rights of multimedia. Digital watermarking is a useful and the development of the technology; it is direct information in the original additional information embedded in the technology. Ideally, the digital watermark is added to the data and the original data should be no visual difference, and the digital watermark cannot be protected information not in the case of damage easily be removed or modified. In this paper we propose a three robust and semi-blind digital video water marking algorithm. These algorithms are based on hybrid transforms using the combination of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD).The original video is divided to number of frames. On one frame we apply a correspond three hybrid transform algorithms. The process is repeated for all the reaming frames. The performance of the proposed algorithms was evaluated with respect to imperceptibility and robustness. The results show that the proposed algorithms give a good Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), however their performance varied with respect to robustness.

A Novel Digital Video Watermarking Algorithm

In this paper, we propose a digital video watermarking algorithm for H.264. The proposed algorithm exploits the specific characteristics of the compression standard H.264. The watermark to be embedded into the original video is randomly localized. It is on this foundation that our proposed video watermarking algorithm bases its secureness. In the proposed video watermarking algorithm for H.264 in the compressed domain, the watermark can be detected without the presence of the original video sequence. The watermark is blindly extracted by the help of the selected modified coefficient at the decoder.