Digital Video Disc Research Articles

Feasibility and efficacy of home-based neurofunctional exercise vs. resistance exercise programs for ambulatory disability of multiple sclerosis patients with cognitive impairment

BackgroundAmbulatory disability and cognitive impairment are common and co-occuring manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS). Neurofunctional training is a specific intervention performed in realistic environments that may have beneficial effects on ambulatory disability in persons with MS who have cognitive impairment. This pilot sudy investigated the feasibility and efficacy of an eight-week home-based neurofunctional training (HBNFT) program vs. home-based resistance training (HBRT) on ambulatory performance in MS patients with cognitive impairment. MethodsThirty males/females with MS (age 18–50 years, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≤ 6, and processing speed score ≤ 41.5 as a marker of cognitive impairment) were randomly assigned into HBNFT and HBRT groups. After one week (three sessions) of center-based, supervised training for learning the programs and maximizing safety, the participants completed eight weeks (three sessions per week) of the home-based training programs. The programs were supported through videos, brochures and Digital Video Discs (DVDs) provided during clinic visits (weeks 1 and 5). Ambulatory performance (tandem stance test; tandem walk test; timed up-and-go (TUG); six-minute walk test (6MWT), 10- meter walking test (10MWT); timed 25 foot walk test (T25FWT); five times sit to stand test (5TSTS); six spot step test (SSST); and hand grip) was measured before and after the exercise programs. Feasibility and acceptability of exercise programs was assessed after the eight-week period. ResultsHBNFT significantly improved tandem walk test (P = 0.018), SSST (P = 0.026), and 6MWT (P = 0.037) compared with HBRT. No significant changes or differences were observed in other outcomes (P ≥ 0.05). HBNFT was well tolerated and resulted in no adverse events, whereas there were reports of pain, muscle cramps, and extreme fatigue among HBRT participant. ConclusionThe current pilot study provided initial support for HBNFT as a safe and feasible approach for improving some aspects of ambulation in persons with MS who have cognitive impairment. Such a pilot study provides initial proof-of-concept data for the design and implementation of an appropriately-powered randomized controlled trial (RCT) of neuro-functional training vs. traditional resistance exercise in a larger sample of persons with MS who present with co-occurring impairments in mobility and cognition.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Pretransplant Educational Intervention in Kidney Patients

A multicenter randomized controlled trial tested the intervention delivered to patients undergoing assessment or waitlisted for kidney transplant. Adult participants were randomized to the control (standard education) or the intervention group, consisting of electronic access to the videos (or digital video disks if no internet) plus standard education. Differences between groups in changes in transplant knowledge (measured by the Kidney Transplant Understanding Tool), education satisfaction, self-efficacy, and quality of life (secondary outcomes) were evaluated by a preintervention and postintervention survey. Video viewing habits were tracked and described for patients in the intervention group. One hundred sixty-two patients were enrolled, with 132 completing both questionnaires (n = 64 intervention and n = 68 control), with similar enrollment from 3 Canadian sites. Video viewing statistics in the complete cases indicated that 78% (50/64) watched the videos, with 70% (45/64) viewing them electronically, while 8% (5/64) received digital video disks and self-reported participation. Baseline knowledge scores in the intent-to-treat population were 55.4 ± 6.5 and 55.7 ± 7.1 in the intervention and control, respectively. The mean knowledge change in the intervention (2.1 ± 3.6) was significantly higher than in the control group (0.8 ± 3.4, P < 0.02). In the per-protocol analysis (patients with objective evidence of watching at least 80% of the videos), the knowledge improvements were 3.4 ± 3.8. Video group participants reported higher satisfaction with education (P < 0.02) and expressed positive comments in open-ended feedback. Electronic video education in the pretransplant setting improved knowledge and satisfaction.

Customised vestibular rehabilitation with the addition of virtual reality based therapy in the management of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness.

Visual-vestibular mismatch patients experience persistent postural and perceptual dizziness. Previous studies have shown the benefit of vestibular rehabilitation for visual desensitisation using gaze stabilisation exercises and optokinetic stimulation. This study assessed the benefit of customised vestibular rehabilitation with visual desensitisation and virtual reality based therapy rehabilitation in the management of patients with persistent postural-perceptual dizziness. This retrospective study included 100 patients with Situational Characteristic Questionnaire scores of more than 0.9. All patients received virtual reality based therapy along with usual vestibular rehabilitation using gaze stabilisation exercises with a plain background followed by graded visual stimulation and optokinetic digital video disc stimulation. Patients' symptoms were assessed before and after vestibular rehabilitation using the Situational Characteristic Questionnaire, Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7, Nijmegen Questionnaire and Dizziness Handicap Inventory. There were statistically significant improvements in Situational Characteristic Questionnaire scores, Nijmegen Questionnaire scores and Dizziness Handicap Inventory total score. However, there was a statistically insignificant difference in Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7 scores. There was a significant positive correlation between post-rehabilitation Situational Characteristic Questionnaire scores and other questionnaire results. Incorporating virtual reality based therapy with customised vestibular rehabilitation exercises results in significant improvement in persistent postural-perceptual dizziness related symptoms.

4D Ultra‐High‐Density Long Data Storage Supported by a Solid‐State Optically Active Polymeric Material with High Thermal Stability

AbstractThe big data era has presented major challenges for data centers worldwide in information preservation aspects, such as storage capacity and long‐term sustainability. Here, a newly synthesized optically active polymeric material based on a highly thermally stable penta‐functional monomer dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate is reported. This material supports ultra‐high storage density with century‐long data lifetime utilizing the galvo‐dithered direct laser writing nanofabrication technique. Eighty layers of bit arrays and 16 grayscale‐level coding examples are demonstrated to confirm the feasibility of the 4D data storage with a data density reaching 10 terabytes per digital video disc. With the much‐improved thermal stability (the data degradation point reaches beyond 600 K) than average plastic materials, such as polymethylmethacrylate, this new polymeric material allows a data lifetime of nearly 250 years at room temperature (300 K), as confirmed by the accelerated aging test. This material offers a suitable storage medium solution for next generation optical data storage centers.

Fabrication of Ag/PDMS Substrate of High-Density Hot Spots and Its Application in in situ Detection

Through a replacement reaction approach, Ag nanostructure was easily prepared on economical digital video disc (DVD) and polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) with surface structure duplicating from the former. Distinct nanoscale morphology was observed, featuring intersecting Ag nanoplates with abundant hot spots on the DVD and spherical Ag nanoparticles on the PDMS. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra, using crystal violet as a probe, revealed a superior enhancement effect in Ag/DVD versus that in Ag/PDMS. Considering the desirable flexibility and transparency of PDMS for in situ detection, we further developed a protocol to introduce intersecting Ag nanoplates onto the PDMS surface. The resulting Ag/PDMS substrate was endowed with remarkable sensitivity, excellent uniformity and good stability under mechanical bending. Furthermore, effective in situ detection of malachite green on fish was demonstrated, highlighting the great potential of our approach for the in situ detection of target molecules on a curved surface.

Comparing the effects of teach-back method, multimedia and blended training on self-care and social support in patients with heart failure: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND:The knowledge level of caregivers and their support for patients can affect the self-care of patients with heart failure (HF). The present study was conducted to compare the effects of teach-back, multimedia, and blended training methods on self-care and social support in patients with HF and on knowledge in their caregivers.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In a randomized clinical trial, a total of 150 HF patient-caregiver dyads were randomly allocated into three equally sized training groups, using a simple number table (n = 50). The study was conducted between May to October 2018 in Sari, northern Iran. In the teach-back, multimedia and blended training groups, patient-caregiver dyads participated in 20–30-min training sessions held face-to-face, using digital video disc (DVD) and combination of teach-back and DVD on 4 consecutive days at the bedside of hospitalized patients in coronary care unit, respectively. Data were collected using the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale and the multidimensional scale of perceived social support for patients. Caregivers' level of knowledge was measured using the HF Knowledge Scale. Data were measured on the first day of hospitalization, 1 day before discharge and 4 and 8 weeks after patients' discharge. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).RESULTS:All three educational methods improved self-care behaviors in patients. The comparison of self-care behavior scores in patients with HF among the three groups at different time points showed no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05), except 1 day before discharge (P = 0.04). There were no statistically-significant differences between the teach-back, multimedia and the blended training group in terms of perceived social support at any of the four-time points (P > 0.05). All three training methods improved the level of knowledge of caregivers. However, the score in the blended training groups was higher than the other groups (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:According to the results of the present study, it seems that all three educational interventions can improve self-care behaviors in HF patients and increase knowledge in their caregivers. However, using the blended training method was associated with better outcomes.

Cognitive and Psychosocial Outcomes of Self-Guided Executive Function Training and Low-Intensity Aerobic Exercise in Healthy Older Adults.

ObjectivesPrior work has demonstrated that executive function training or physical exercise can improve older adults’ cognition. The current study takes an exploratory approach to compare the feasibility and efficacy of online executive function training and low-intensity aerobic exercise for improving cognitive and psychosocial functioning in healthy older adults.MethodFollowing a standard pretest-training-posttest protocol, 40 older adults (aged 65 and above) were randomly assigned to an executive function or a physical training group. A battery of cognitive and psychosocial outcome measures were administered before and after training. During the 10 weeks of self-guided training at home (25–30 min/day, 4 days/week), the executive function training group practiced a set of adaptive online executive function tasks designed by Lumos Labs, whereas the physical training group completed an adaptive Digital Video Disc (DVD)-based low-intensity aerobic exercise program.ResultsTraining transfer effects were limited. Relative to low-intensity aerobic exercise, executive function training yielded cognitive improvement on the 64-card Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST-64), a general executive function measure. Depression and stress levels dropped following both training programs, but this could be driven by decreased stress or excitement in performing the tasks over time.DiscussionThe results revealed limited cognitive benefits of the online executive function training program, specifically to a near transfer test of general executive control. Importantly, the current study supports the feasibility of home-based self-guided executive function and low-intensity physical training with healthy older adults.

INTENSITY OF TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN TANZANIA: THE CASE OF MERU DISTRICT

This study measured the ability of the proposed out-of-school time (OST) learning model to intensify technology integration among primary school learners in Tanzania. The intensity of technology integration was determined by the extent the target users adopted educational technology. A quasi-experiment was deployed, involving experimental and control groups. The main participants of the study were 310 pupils in Meru District, Arusha Region. Additionally, parents and teachers of the experiment group participated as per the requirements of the proposed model. The category of teachers included five (5) mathematics teachers and three (3) head teachers in six primary day schools. The experiment ran for three months and data was recorded using digital Video Disks (DVDs), DVD Players, mobile phones, home works and list of perceived best practices. Pupils in the experimental group were treated under the proposed model while those in the control group were under traditional practices. The extent to which pupils used the technology was determined by the number of questions they attempted by using the technology, and the results compared between them. The t-test indicated a statistically significant improvement in the intensity of use of educational technology by the experiment group as compared to the control group (t = 5.62, N1=167, N2=143, SD1=9.28, SD2=12.8, p (0) &lt;α (0.05)). These findings suggest the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis at 95% of confidence level and a conclusion that the proposed model improved the intensity of use of educational technology by OST learners in primary schools. This is suggestive of the need for the government to support projects related to integration of educational technology in order to trigger technology integration in Tanzania in general and in particular with regard to OST learning in primary schools. There is also need to investigate the ability of the proposed model to improve the intensity of use of educational technologies in other educational settings.

Commercial channels vs free distribution and screening of agricultural learning videos: A case study from Benin and Mali

AbstractFarmers’ access to reliable information is crucial to improving rural livelihoods, food security, and national economies in West Africa. This paper discusses the dynamics of accessing and using agricultural learning videos from commercial channels, vs project and non-project channels in Benin and Mali. Using combinations of different models to assess the effectiveness of agricultural extension programs, the findings showed that farmers were motivated to pay for videos and watch them by themselves, without facilitation. Farmers who watched the videos through project support have also continued to watch on their own if the videos are of interest to them. Nevertheless, farmers were less motivated in the learning process when they received the Digital Video Disc (DVD) free and without support to watch them. We also found that the distribution of learning videos through commercial channels reaches more serious users and increases farmers’ self-determination for learning, and farmers are more motivated to provide feedback than viewers who receive DVDs for free or via project support, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), or farmer organizations. Although buying a DVD is an individual action, they like to watch the videos in groups. After buying the DVD, about 43% of respondent borrowed DVD players and one person in five bought a DVD player to watch the videos. Efforts to promote improved technologies need to expand beyond the conventional focus on research and extension services. Support to agricultural technology dissemination must go beyond assistance to smallholder farmers and NGOs (practical implication). As the private sector has a role to play, both in making technologies available and in teaching farmers how to use them, their contribution would create space for innovation (theoretical implication). Our findings suggest that successful development intervention programs can be sell audiovisual material to farmers, who will use it proactively.

The Enhancement of Visible Photodetector Performance based on Mn doped ZnO Nanorods by Substrate Architecting

ZnO is one of the most fascinating and cost-effective materials for numerous applications, especially optoelectronics. To improve its properties and performance, many techniques have been developed, in which doping and surface engineering are usually of interest. Recently, combining techniques for further enhancement has got significant attention but not fully explored. In this study, a new combination to widen the light absorbance of ZnO nanorods (NRs) is introduced. This combination is based on (i) doping of Mn and (ii) substrate architecting. Patterned substrates are formed with master molds as digital video disc (DVD) and lotus leaf through polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molding. Mn-doped ZnO NRs were then hydrothermally grown on them at low temperatures. For investigate their morphology, structure and optical properties, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) were employed. The obtained results show that the Mn-doped ZnO samples with the patterned substrates own a remarkable increase (> 40%) in the visible light absorbance as compared to that with the flat substrate due to an increment of light scattering. Besides, a photodetector is fabricated based on the optimized patterning PDMS substrate with the active material of Mn doped ZnO NRs. The results show that the photocurrent of patterning device is 3.8 time higher than that of flat substrate. Overall, our approach for growing Mn-doped ZnO NRs on 3D patterned structures at low temperature is promising for optical applications such as flexible and stretchable optoelectronic devices.

IMPACT OF MODELLING TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION FOR OUT-OF-SCHOOL TIME LEARNING ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

This paper determines the impact of modelling technology integration for of out-of-school (OST) learning on academic achievement in primary schools. The research was conducted in Arusha Region, specifically in Meru District. The paper adopted the experimental design, involving experimental and control groups. Each of the two groups comprised three (3) schools, making a total of six (6) schools. The experiment was conducted using Digital Video Disks (DVDs), mobile phones, notebooks and home assignment booklets. The tools were further supplemented by a list of perceived best practices, and examination papers. The findings reveal a statistically significant difference in mean scores between the control and experimental groups as confirmed by 95% confidence level whereby, F (1, 180) = 28.63, p=0. Based on the findings, null hypothesis was rejected, leading to the conclusion that the proposed model for OST technology integration is attributed to significant improvements in academic achievement for primary school OST learners. The implication of these findings is for researchers, and other educational stakeholders, including the government to invest in devising contextually relevant model, and mobilizing parents, teachers and learners with a view to hastening technology integration in order to improve academic achievements for primary school pupils. There is also a need for studies that further explore technology integration opportunities, and associated challenges in a bid to addressing poor academic performance among primary school pupils.

Enhancing the Efficiency of Graphene Oxide Reduction in Low-Power Digital Video Disc Drives by a Simple Precursor Heat Treatment.

Laser reduction of graphene oxide (GO) produces graphene effectively. As a low-power laser source, commercial digital video disc (DVD) drives provide a versatile platform to produce reduced graphene films in designed 2D patterns. However, research on how GO characteristics affect its laser reduction efficiency in DVD drives is rarely conducted. Here, we investigate how heating the GO dispersion affects the photoreduction process of GO films in a LightScribe DVD drive. Without noticeably changing the oxygen content, such mild heat treatment significantly improves GO's absorption in the visible region, resulting in significant enhancement on GO's laser reduction efficiency. We demonstrate that the laser reduction efficiency increases with the increasing treatment time. The enhanced reduction level greatly improves the performance of laser-scribed graphene electrodes in applications such as glucose sensors (with an optimal linear response range up to 2550 μM) and supercapacitors (with an optimal areal capacity of 1.37 mF cm-2 at the scan rate of 50 mV s-1). This proposed approach provides general insights into the production of laser-reduced graphene with low-power laser sources, for advanced device applications such as wearable electronics and flexible microelectronics.

A Simple and Rapid Method to Produce SERS Substrates Using Au Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Ablation and DVD Template

Simple and highly sensitive SERS substrates were produced using Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) prepared by laser ablation in water and available Digital Video Discs (DVDs). We used the simple “drop-cast’’ method to deposit AuNPs on the grating pattern surface of a DVD in place of the other methods such as electrochemical deposition, electrophoretic deposition and sputtering method which require some more equipment. AuNPs were proposed to be synthesized in water by laser ablation to form a nearly circular AuNP stain of small size on a DVD surface. The protecting polycarbonate layer of a DVD was removed from the DVD surface. The bare metallic DVD surface was rinsed carefully with ethanol and distilled water. The width of tracks on a DVD surface is around 300 nm and distance between them is around 450 nm. We prepared AuNPs by pulsed laser ablation of a gold piece in distilled water. The colloidal gold nanoparticles were deposited on DVD templates. We studied to produce an effective layer of AuNPs on DVD template for SERS substrates (AuNPs/DVD). The average SERS enhancement factor of the AuNPs/DVD SERS substrates is about 106. The SERS substrates can detect SERS spectra of Malachite Green and Amoxicillin at low concentrations of around 0.1–1 ppm.

Olah Rasa Timur Jawa: Strategi Preservasi Warisan Budaya Lintas Generasi

This article is based on the Community Partnership Program (PKM) which seeks to solve the problems faced by Osing indigenous community, especially the Archipelago Indigenous Youth Front (BPAN) of Osing from the aspects of preservation strategies and revitalization of ritual meals. The solutions offered from this program are the making of ritual meals cooking book, digital documentation (pictures, writings, sounds and videos) stored in the form of Digital Video Disc (DVD) and ritual meals cooking training for young people. The activities are in the form of making a book containing ritual meals recipes and way of cooking, training module which contains the way to cook ritual meals and ritual meals training for young people while the mentoring method was carried out by the team continuously during the period of the PKM program. The outputs are training module, a book with recipes and way of cooking of ritual meals, digital documentation, and ritual meals training model for young people.

Modular, Lightweight, Wireless Potentiostat-on-a-Disc for Electrochemical Detection in Centrifugal Microfluidics.

Interfacing electrochemical sensors in a lab-on-a-disc (LoD) system with a potentiostat is often tedious and challenging. We here present the first multichannel, modular, lightweight, and wirelessly powered, custom-built potentiostat-on-a-disc (PoD) for centrifugal microfluidic applications. The developed potentiostat is in the form factor of a typical digital video disc (DVD) and weighs only 127 g. The design of the potentiostat facilitates easy and robust interfacing with the electrodes in the LoD system, while enabling real-time electrochemical detection during rotation. The device can perform different electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and amperometry while being controlled by custom-made software. Measurements were conducted with and without rotation using both in-house fabricated and commercial electrodes. The performance of the PoD was in good agreement with the results obtained using a commercial potentiostat with a measured current resolution of 200 pA. As a proof of concept, we performed a real-time release study of an electrochemically active compound from microdevices used for drug delivery.

Development of a Yoga-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (Yoga-CaRe) Programme for Secondary Prevention of Myocardial Infarction.

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) after myocardial infarction is highly effective. It is unavailable in public hospitals in India due to limited resources. Our objective was to develop a scalable model of CR for India based on yoga, which could also appeal to some groups with low uptake of CR (e.g., ethnic minorities, women, and older people) globally. The intervention was developed using a structured process. A literature review and consultations with yoga experts, CR experts, and postmyocardial infarction patients were conducted to systematically identify and shortlist appropriate yoga exercises and postures, breathing exercises, meditation and relaxation practices, and lifestyle changes, which were incorporated into a conventional CR framework. The draft intervention was further refined based on the feedback from an internal stakeholder group and an external panel of international experts, before being piloted with yoga instructors and patients with myocardial infarction. A four-phase yoga-based CR (Yoga-CaRe) programme was developed for delivery by a single yoga instructor with basic training. The programme consists of a total of 13 instructor-led sessions (2 individual and 11 group) over a 3-month period. Group sessions include guided practice of yoga exercises and postures, breathing exercises, and meditation and relaxation practices, and support for the lifestyle change and coping through a moderated discussion. Patients are encouraged to self-practice daily at home and continue long-term with the help of a booklet and digital video disc (DVD). Family members/carers are encouraged to join throughout. In conclusion, a novel yoga-based CR programme has been developed, which promises to provide a scalable CR solution for India and an alternative choice for CR globally. It is currently being evaluated in a large multicentre randomised controlled trial across India.

Reducing the residual focus error signal in optical pickup head astigmatism displacement systems using the signal conditioning method.

Focusing error detection by the astigmatic method, an important measurement technique, is used widely due to its simple operation and low cost. However, the focus error signal (FES) is prone to noise with the control circuit and the signal conditioning method. To address this, an astigmatic detection system was constructed with a modified digital video disc (DVD) optical head. By designing a stable laser drive control circuit using a low-noise signal conditioning method, the developed system can reduce the FES of background noise. Additionally, by analyzing the data interpolation and approximation model, the corresponding defocus error signal is extracted. The exact optical design of the method has been verified through simulations. Moreover, an experiment is set up to verify the feasibility of the developed method. It is concluded that the method is effective to reduce the background noise 2nm and the standard deviation 2.15mV, with PZT working frequencies ranging from 300Hz to 2kHz.

Hierarchically Patterned Elastomeric and Thermoplastic Polymer Films through Nanoimprinting and Ultraviolet Light Exposure.

The surface relief structure of polymer films over large areas can be controlled by combining nanoscale imprinting and microscale ultraviolet–ozone (UVO) radiation, resulting in hierarchical structured surfaces. First, nanoscale patterns were formed by nanoimprinting elastomer [poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)] films with a pattern on a digital video disk. Micron-scale patterns were then superimposed on the nanoimprinted PDMS films by exposing them to ultraviolet radiation in oxygen (UVO) through a transmission electron microscopy grid mask having variable microscale patterning. UVO exposure leads to conversion and densification of PDMS to SiOx, leading to micron height relief features that follow a linear scaling relation with pattern dimension. Further, the pattern scopes are shown to collapse into a master curve by normalized feature values. Interestingly, these relief structures preserve the nanoscale features. In this paper, the influence of the self-limiting PDMS densification, wall stress at the boundary of micro-depression, and UVO exposure energy is studied in control of the micro-depression scale. This simple two-step imprinting process involving both nanoimprinting and UV radiation allows for facile fabrication of the dimension adjustable micro–nano hierarchically structures not only on elastomer films but also on thermoplastic polymer films. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations were performed to correlate the surface tension and elastic properties of polymeric materials to the deformation of the pattern structure.

Menembangkan Lontar Yusup Banyuwangi: Strategi Preservasi Warisan Budaya Lintas Generasi

This article is based on the Community Partnership Program (PKM) which seeks to solve the problems facedby Osing indigenous community, especially the Mocoan Association of Lontar Yusup and The Archipelago IndigenousYouth Front (BPAN) of Osing from the aspect of preservation strategies and revitalization of the Mocoan Lontar Yusuptradition. The solutions offered from this program are the preparation of transliteration and translation of the contents ofLontar Yusup, digital documentation (pictures, writings, sounds and videos) stored in the form of Digital Video Disc(DVD) and Mocoan Lontar Yusup training for young people. The activities are in the form of making a book containingperso-arabic texts, transliteration and translation of the contents of Lontar Yusup, training module which contains theway to recite Lontar Yusup accompanied by digital documentation and Mocoan Lontar Yusup training for young peoplewhile the mentoring method was carried out by the team continuously during the period of the PKM program. Theoutputs are training modules, a book with perso-arabic texts, transliteration and translation of Lontar Yusup, digitaldocumentation, and the Mocoan Lontar Yusup training model for young people

Low cost digital holographic microscope for 3-D cell imaging by integrating smartphone and DVD optical head

Portable devices and potential mobile health care is gaining importance and has become the new trend for point of care diagnosis. In this paper we present a compact, inexpensive and smartphone based digital holographic microscope (SmartDHM) for 3-D cell imaging which is developed by modifying a commercial digital video disk (DVD) optical head to act as an interferometer. Smartphone is integrated into this setup to capture interferogram and an android application is developed which performs computation on smartphone using reference conjugated hologram method to extract phase information without the need for connectivity to any server or a computer. Since smartphone has sufficient frame rate to capture interferograms, SmartDHM can be used for real time acquisition. The use of smartphone with custom built android application and DVD optical head has resulted in miniaturization and low cost. This system is successfully demonstrated by imaging phase profiles of typical RBC and HeLa cells. Utilization of smartphone for computation and 3D rendering may prove to be useful for making low cost devices with ease of diagnosis at remote locations in developing countries.