Digital Transformation Of Health Research Articles

Implementing AI in Hospitals to Achieve a Learning Health System: Systematic Review of Current Enablers and Barriers.

Efforts are underway to capitalize on the computational power of the data collected in electronic medical records (EMRs) to achieve a learning health system (LHS). Artificial intelligence (AI) in health care has promised to improve clinical outcomes, and many researchers are developing AI algorithms on retrospective data sets. Integrating these algorithms with real-time EMR data is rare. There is a poor understanding of the current enablers and barriers to empower this shift from data set-based use to real-time implementation of AI in health systems. Exploring these factors holds promise for uncovering actionable insights toward the successful integration of AI into clinical workflows. The first objective was to conduct a systematic literature review to identify the evidence of enablers and barriers regarding the real-world implementation of AI in hospital settings. The second objective was to map the identified enablers and barriers to a 3-horizon framework to enable the successful digital health transformation of hospitals to achieve an LHS. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were adhered to. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore were searched for studies published between January 2010 and January 2022. Articles with case studies and guidelines on the implementation of AI analytics in hospital settings using EMR data were included. We excluded studies conducted in primary and community care settings. Quality assessment of the identified papers was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and ADAPTE frameworks. We coded evidence from the included studies that related to enablers of and barriers to AI implementation. The findings were mapped to the 3-horizon framework to provide a road map for hospitals to integrate AI analytics. Of the 1247 studies screened, 26 (2.09%) met the inclusion criteria. In total, 65% (17/26) of the studies implemented AI analytics for enhancing the care of hospitalized patients, whereas the remaining 35% (9/26) provided implementation guidelines. Of the final 26 papers, the quality of 21 (81%) was assessed as poor. A total of 28 enablers was identified; 8 (29%) were new in this study. A total of 18 barriers was identified; 5 (28%) were newly found. Most of these newly identified factors were related to information and technology. Actionable recommendations for the implementation of AI toward achieving an LHS were provided by mapping the findings to a 3-horizon framework. Significant issues exist in implementing AI in health care. Shifting from validating data sets to working with live data is challenging. This review incorporated the identified enablers and barriers into a 3-horizon framework, offering actionable recommendations for implementing AI analytics to achieve an LHS. The findings of this study can assist hospitals in steering their strategic planning toward successful adoption of AI.

Digital Health Transformation in the Northern Territory as an Enabler for Virtual Cardio-Renal Care for Remote Indigenous Australians

Digital Health Transformation in the Northern Territory as an Enabler for Virtual Cardio-Renal Care for Remote Indigenous Australians

The Information and Communication Technology Maturity Assessment at Primary Health Care Services Across 9 Provinces in Indonesia: Evaluation Study.

Indonesia has rapidly embraced digital health, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, with over 15 million daily health application users. To advance its digital health vision, the government is prioritizing the development of health data and application systems into an integrated health care technology ecosystem. This initiative involves all levels of health care, from primary to tertiary, across all provinces. In particular, it aims to enhance primary health care services (as the main interface with the general population) and contribute to Indonesia's digital health transformation. This study assesses the information and communication technology (ICT) maturity in Indonesian health care services to advance digital health initiatives. ICT maturity assessment tools, specifically designed for middle-income countries, were used to evaluate digital health capabilities in 9 provinces across 5 Indonesian islands. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to March 2022, in 9 provinces across Indonesia, representing the country's diverse conditions on its major islands. Respondents included staff from public health centers (Puskesmas), primary care clinics (Klinik Pratama), and district health offices (Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten/Kota). The survey used adapted ICT maturity assessment questionnaires, covering human resources, software and system, hardware, and infrastructure. It was administered electronically and involved 121 public health centers, 49 primary care clinics, and 67 IT staff from district health offices. Focus group discussions were held to delve deeper into the assessment results and gain more descriptive insights. In this study, 237 participants represented 3 distinct categories: 121 public health centers, 67 district health offices, and 49 primary clinics. These instances were selected from a sample of 9 of the 34 provinces in Indonesia. Collected data from interviews and focus group discussions were transformed into scores on a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 indicating low ICT readiness and 5 indicating high ICT readiness. On average, the breakdown of ICT maturity scores was as follows: 2.71 for human resources' capability in ICT use and system management, 2.83 for software and information systems, 2.59 for hardware, and 2.84 for infrastructure, resulting in an overall average score of 2.74. According to the ICT maturity level pyramid, the ICT maturity of health care providers in Indonesia fell between the basic and good levels. The need to pursue best practices also emerged strongly. Further analysis of the ICT maturity scores, when examined by province, revealed regional variations. The maturity of ICT use is influenced by several critical components. Enhancing human resources, ensuring infrastructure, the availability of supportive hardware, and optimizing information systems are imperative to attain ICT maturity in health care services. In the context of ICT maturity assessment, significant score variations were observed across health care levels in the 9 provinces, underscoring the diversity in ICT readiness and the need for regionally customized follow-up actions.

Telecare in the Brazilian Unified Health System: where we are and where we are heading.

This article explores telecare from telehealth developments and the recent acceleration of the digital health transformation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). It addresses terminological issues, the scope of actions, the potential use for healthcare, and constraints and contingencies for telecare in Brazil, focusing on teleconsultations and interactions between health professionals and patients. Finally, it presents a set of propositions for the development of telecare policies and practices in Brazil, considering SUS principles, in two central themes: organizational political guidelines and operational propositions to organise services and healthcare delivery. The importance of clarifying the scope and limits of new technologies is highlighted in the attempt to avoid idealizations with proposed solutions to complex health problems. Telecare solutions should be compatible with SUS principles and with the recommended model of care, with the healthcare network coordinated and organised by primary care, ensuring access to health services and integrated and quality healthcare for the Brazilian society.

INTERPLAY OF GLOBAL TECHNOLOGICAL DYNAMICS AND LOCAL REALITIES: DIGITAL HEALTHCARE TRANSFORMATION IN TURKEY

Various trends have driven the digital transformation of health: Developments in digital technologies, pressures for cause reduction in healthcare and increasing demand and expenditures from aging populations. In parallel, Turkey is actively engaged in a great transformative journey with its Health Transformation Program (HTP) since 2003, embracing the age of digitalization in healthcare. This study explores the interplay among historical discourse, political influences, technological advancements which shaped the centralization of Turkey's health system. Specifically, it delves into how Turkey's healthcare system has undergone centralization under the aegis of digital transformation. Amidst this transition, a compelling question arises: How has the positive perception of digital health innovations by both the public and authoritative health institutions converged with the challenges posed by low health and digital literacy levels? This article uses the concept of biomedicalization to encompass the multisited and multidirectional health transformation processes in Turkey. By cultivating a technology-friendly environment, the nation is nurturing (bio)digital citizens through the process of biomedicalization. Drawing on a historical narrative of Turkey's digital health transformation, the article posits that the phenomenon of biomedicalization in the country, molded by intricate multidimensional factors at both micro and macro levels, compels policymakers, privacy advocates, and lawmakers to devise effective and sustainable regulations concerning data utilization, protection, and privacy. By investigating these dynamics, the research provides insights into how a country like Turkey navigates the multifaceted aspects of digital health implementation, shedding light on the potential strategies and mechanisms that enable the successful adoption of digital technologies in healthcare despite existing limitations. This contribution to the broader discourse on digital transformation enriches our understanding of the intricacies involved in leveraging technology to enhance healthcare systems, especially in contexts where there are literacy levels might pose.

E-Health & Innovation to Overcome Barriers in Neuromuscular Diseases. Report from the 3rd eNMD Congress: Pisa, Italy, 29-30 October 2021.

Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs), in their phenotypic heterogeneity, share quite invariably common issues that involve several clinical and socio-economical aspects, needing a deep critical analysis to develop better management strategies. From diagnosis to treatment and follow-up, the development of technological solutions can improve the detection of several critical aspects related to the diseases, addressing both the met and unmet needs of clinicians and patients. Among several aspects of the digital transformation of health and care, this congress expands what has been learned from previous congresses editions on applicability and usefulness of technological solutions in NMDs. In particular the focus on new solutions for remote monitoring provide valuable insights to increase disease-specific knowledge and trigger prompt decision-making. In doing that, several perspectives from different areas of expertise were shared and discussed, pointing out strengths and weaknesses on the current state of the art on topic, suggesting new research lines to advance technology in this specific clinical field.

Implementation of virtual pulmonary rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences and perceptions of patients and healthcare providers

BackgroundPulmonary rehabilitation (PR) plays an important role in the management of symptomatic patients with chronic respiratory diseases (CRD). While studies have investigated the feasibility and efficacy of virtual PR (VPR), it is important to understand the experiences of patients and healthcare providers (HCPs) during the rapid digital health transformation that occurred in the COVID-19 pandemic. ObjectivesTo explore the experiences and perspectives of patients and HCPs who participated in VPR during the pandemic. MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with CRD patients and HCPs. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach and a team-based inductive thematic analysis. ResultsParticipants included 11 HCPs (7 female; 29–55 years) and 19 CRD patients (11 male; 62–83 years; 15 COPD, 4 COPD/ILD). Three major themes and 10 subthemes were identified: i) the pandemic response: a ‘trial by fire’ (navigating uncertainty, emotional impact of change, shifting practice amid complexity); ii) beyond the emergency: navigating a ‘new normal’ (eligibility and assessment for VPR, virtual exercise, virtual education and resources, clinical supervision and patient safety); and iii) care beyond boundaries: the implications of using technology for PR (benefits and limitations of technology, psychosocial implications, VPR in the future). ConclusionThe pivot to VPR was acknowledged as positive by both patients and HCPs although both groups were mindful of the implementation challenges. These findings provide insight into the experience of HCPs and patients in introducing VPR in response to the pandemic and will inform future implementation of VPR for individuals with CRD.

Health Transformation in Indonesia Through Health Digitalization Strengthening: A Perspective From Occupational Health.

Digital health implementation is crucial to make the greatest benefit to a country's citizens, including its workers. This article describes the implementation of digital health in both general health and occupational health. An internet search regarding the implementation of digital health, telemedicine, and telehealth in Indonesia was performed during July - August 2023. Publications released from the Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, the Ministry of Labour, Manpower and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia, as well as from various sources regarding digital health and telemedicine, were used in the writing of this article. Digital health transformation in Indonesia has been set as national goal since 2021 and some challenges still present as potential setbacks of nationwide digital health implementation.

Pemanfaatan Resume Medis Sebagai Portofolio Kesehatan Keluarga

Indonesia has entered to the digital health transformation era. One of the transformation is the obligation of health care facilities to organize medical record in electronic form. Peduli Lindungi application, which was originally only for Covid-19 tests and vaccines has now expanded is function as a Health Portfolio or Personal Health Record (PHR) in the Satu Sehat application. The Health Portfolio can be compiled based on the Medical Resume obatained from Health services. The use of medical resume for preparing health portfolio has not been widelu used because many people do not understand the function of medical resume. The aim of this activity is to explain the importance of a complete medical resume so that it can be used as material for preparing a family health portfolio. The method is the online seminar method. The result is a medical resume containing the identity and history of the patient’s illness after receiving health services. Medical resume can be used to build family health portfolio. The conclusion is that a family health portfolio needs to be prepared to help manage diseases that may arise in the future.

A multi-channel hybrid deep learning framework for multi-sensor fusion enabled human activity recognition

Smart and connected health (SCH) accelerates the development and integration of information science and engineering approaches to support the digital transformation of health and medicine in populated societies. Sensor data based human activity recognition (HAR) as an effective means of SCH is promising for healthcare monitoring and ambient assisted living. This paper focuses on multi-position sensor data fusion enabled HAR, and proposes a multi-channel deep learning framework. The main contributions include: (1) A multi-channel hybrid deep learning model (1DCNN-Att-BiLSTM) that merges a one-dimensional convolutional neural network, a bidirectional long short-term memory model, and an attention mechanism is proposed to significantly improve the recognition performance of HAR models by extracting and selecting local and global behavioral features in the spatial and temporal domains; (2) Publicly accessible datasets Shoaib AR, Shoaib SA, and HAPT are collected and processed to build multi-position sensor data pool for model's evaluation; (3) Thoroughly evaluating the classification performance of seven sensor data fusion patterns from different body positions within the parallel network structure of the multi-channel framework; (4) Comparing the recognition performance metrics of traditional machine learning models, deep learning models, and hybrid models with our proposed model. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves competitive performance.

"The Simpler, the Better." A Qualitative Study on Digital Health Transformation in Early Adopter Rheumatology Outpatient Clinics.

Workforce shortage and the increasing burden of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases lead to extreme time constraints in rheumatology outpatient care. Digital services promise to facilitate care by relieving employees and unleash new capacities. This study aims to explore the perspectives of early adopter health care professionals (HCP) on digital transformation in outpatient rheumatology. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with rheumatology nurses and physicians in 3 German rheumatology outpatient clinics, each characterized by an advanced level of digital adaption. Qualitative data were subsequently analyzed using deductive-inductive qualitative content analysis. Interviews with 11 rheumatology nurses and 5 rheumatologists were completed. Three key themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: (i) Digital transformation of care; (ii) impact of digital transformation on health care delivery; and (iii) perceived drivers of successful digitalization. The interviews revealed that digital technologies are widely used throughout the complete patient pathway. Digitalization enables more continuity and flexibility in rheumatology care. Patient information can be electronically obtained in a standardized manner prior to planned visits, enabling an informed consultation and more time for in-depth patient discussion. Although digitalization restructures work, it can also increase the current workload. Improved accessibility for patient calls leads to more work for HCP. Important drivers of successful digital technology implementation are low-threshold and interoperable services, a medical team that is interested and educated in eHealth, and comprehensive patient information and onboarding. Digital transformation is increasingly redefining rheumatology care. While accelerating communication and workflows, improved service accessibility leads to more work for HCP.

Health Service Managers' Digital Competencies: A Conceptual Framework.

Health service managers play a crucial role in managing and leading in the digital health environment. Development of the health management workforce that is ready to lead and manage digital health transformation requires partnerships across sectors, in not only developing workforce competence but also in developing supportive mechanisms that can translate competencies into practice. A framework presenting a systematic approach in enabling the development of a competent health management workforce in the digital health era has recently been published. The purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss the application of the framework in the Australian context, informed by the findings of a PhD research project that uses an empirically validated four-step approach to confirm the health service management workforce development needs in the digital health context. The PhD project has already confirmed: 1) the paucity of Australian Health Informatics Competency Framework (AHICF) competencies being included in Australian health service management postgraduate program curricula; 2) five key strategies that contribute to developing health management workforce competency and capacity; and 3) seven key factors that enable health management workforce development in the digital health context. Further understanding of the barriers and enablers for health service managers to develop capability and manage in the digital health environment, and the factors that influence digital health policy and practice will be developed, by critically analysing findings from focus group discussions with health managers and semi-structured interviews with digital health leaders, to be completed by May 2023.

A transformação digital no gerenciamento do fluxo de leitos nos hospitais

Abstract Purpose: This article aims to identify the benefits and difficulties managers perceive regarding implementing digital transformation (DT) in hospital bed management. Originality/value: The article contributes to academia by analyzing a rele-vant topic, DT of health, that is scarcely explored in the multifactorial perspective of its technological, organizational, and social elements. No similar study was identified with application in a large private hospital located in a developing country. By analyzing managerial perceptions about implementing DT applied to hospital bed management, the study allows a better understanding and potential strengthening of this DT process by the professionals involved, which can contribute to expanding access to hospital care. Design/methodology/approach: A single case study was carried out to investigate the implementation of DT for managing hospital beds in a private general hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. We interviewed 19 managers responsible for hospital bed management. The interviews were analyzed using two methods: content analysis and data mining, and they were classified according to their technological, organizational, and social elements (Reis et al., 2018). Findings: DT’s most cited potential benefits were efficiency gains, real-time information, and employee and patient satisfaction. The main dificulties reported were systems integration, data availability in real-time, instituting new processes, and challenges related to organizational culture and the necessary changes. DT can positively impact bed flow management, but it is crucial to consider the technological, organizational, and social elements involved in its success.

The evolution and mapping trends of mobile health (m-Health): a bibliometric analysis (1997-2023).

Mobile health (m-Health) is widely acknowledged as a pivotal domain for improving global healthcare and driving its digital health transformation. Despite the vast amount of literature published in recent years, bibliometric studies on m-Health remain limited in scope and coverage. This study presents a comprehensive review of m-Health literature extracted from Scopus and PubMed databases, spanning the period from 1997 to 2023, including publications during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The combined Scopus and PubMed databases were used in this study. The search formula for the literature retrieval used the most appropriate and relevant keywords to m-Health. The bibliometric data importation, extraction and analysis of authors, titles, publication date, publication place, publisher, volume number, issue number, citation count, document type, author keywords, affiliation were all carried out using the 'Biblioshiny', 'EndNote X9®', 'Microsoft Excel®' and 'Microsoft Access®' software tools. Duplicate records were manually identified and removed. Visualization maps illustrating the recurrent keywords, collaboration patterns, and prolific publishing countries were generated using 'VOSviewer®'. A total of 37,470 (20,703 from Scopus and 16,767 from PubMed) publications were selected for the literature analysis. The results provided the definitive literature evidence on the origin of the concept of m-Health in 2003. Significant increase in the publications followed the global surge of smart phones usage in 2007, and the emergence of m-Health applications (Apps) and their global markets and ecosystems. The number of the publications peaked between 2013 and 2022 with most citations in 2022. There was noticeable spike in m-Health literature during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results also showed that most of the highly cited publications, leading institutions, and most prolific authors were predominantly from the developed countries. The USA has the highest number of publications followed by the UK, Australia, Germany, Canada and China, with most of the prolific authors originating from these countries. In conclusion, while there has been a remarkable increase in global m-Health publications since 2003, most of the impactful literature and publications in this area originated from selected countries in the developed world. The study indicates a significant disparity between the published literature from developed compared to the developing countries. Addressing this disparity, further bibliographical studies are required to address these and other literature gaps.

Selection of criteria for a telemedicine framework for designing, implementing, monitoring and evaluating telemedicine interventions: Validation using a modified Delphi process.

The call to scale up telemedicine services globally as part of the digital health transformation lacks an agreed-upon set of constructs to guide the implementation process. A lack of guidance hinders the development, consolidation, sustainability and optimisation of telemedicine services. The study aims to reach consensus among telemedicine experts on a set of implementation constructs to be developed into an evidence-based support tool. A modified Delphi study was conducted to evaluate a set of evidence-informed telemedicine implementation constructs comprising cores, domains and items. The study evaluated the constructs consisting of five cores: Assessment of the Current Situation, Development of a Telemedicine Strategy, Development of Organisational Changes, Development of a Telemedicine Service, and Monitoring, Evaluation and Optimisation of Telemedicine Implementation; seven domains: Individual Readiness, Organisational Readiness, Clinical, Economic, Technological and Infrastructure, Regulation, and Monitoring, Evaluation and Optimisation; divided into 53 items. Global telemedicine specialists (n = 247) were invited to participate and evaluate 58 questions. Consensus was set at ≥70%. Forty-five experts completed the survey. Consensus was reached on 78% of the constructs evaluated. Regarding the core constructs, Monitoring, Evaluation and Optimisation of Telemedicine Implementation was determined to be the most important one, and Development of a Telemedicine Strategy the least. As for the domains, the Clinical one had the highest level of consensus, and the Economic one had the lowest. This research advances the field of telemedicine, providing expert consensus on a set of implementation constructs. The findings also highlight considerable divergence in expert opinion on the constructs of reimbursement and incentive mechanisms, resistance to change, and telemedicine champions. The lack of agreement on these constructs warrants attention and may partly explain the barriers that telemedicine services continue to face in the implementation process.

Digital assistance to support integrated healthcare.

This abstract is devoted to digital assistance as a supportive tool of integrated healthcare. According to the World Health Organization, developing more integrated people-centred care systems has the potential to generate significant benefits to health and healthcare of all people, including improved access to care, improved health and clinical outcomes, better health literacy and self-care, increased satisfaction with care, improved job satisfaction, improved efficiency of services, and reduced overall costs [1]. At the same time, the concept of Digital Health supports the implementation of a person-centred integrative approach in healthcare. The European Commission published a Communication on the digital transformation of health and care, which identified the priorities, including personalised medicine through shared European data infrastructure, allowing researchers and other professionals to pool resources, and citizen empowerment with digital tools for user feedback and person-centred care using digital tools to empower people to look after their health, stimulate prevention and enable feedback and interaction between users and healthcare providers [2].
 A project to develop a digital assistance platform for long-COVID and associated myalgic encephalomyelitis/ chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) patient healthcare is planned in Latvia. The current main challenge is diagnosis, stratification and monitoring of long-COVID and associated ME/CFS at the point of care, as well as patients’ self-awareness and proper practical navigation within the health system. A technology-grounded solution for m-Health based screening and self-management of ME/CFS will be developed within the patient-centred App model. The objectives of this model are: 1) Patient-centred, societally-oriented, real-time decision-support using an innovative App; 2) Using artificial intelligence to support decision-making on patients and treatment options; 3) Learning opportunities for patients, caregivers and health professionals about the illness. Sustainability of project activities will be supported by integrating of the new databases with the national e-Health and Electronic Health Records (EHRs) systems and national research institutions’ IT systems with the future option to become a base for further developing a common long-COVID and ME/CFS Patients’ Registry.
 The project intends to actively involve patients and clinicians in the development of a fully-fledged digital assistance platform that will support the development of digital health literacy and the implementation of integrated healthcare principles.
 
 
 

Towards Digital Health Transformation: The Urgency of Electronic Student Health Reports (Case Study in SD Negeri Cipedak 03, South Jakarta and Puskesmas Jagakarsa)

The community health center (Puskesmas) routinely collects student health examination data in health report books, causing storage, monitoring, and analysis difficulties. This has led to suboptimal health interventions involving parents, schools, and Puskesmas. This research analyzes user needs in developing an electronic-based student health report. This qualitative descriptive study employs the Framework for the Application of System Thinking (FAST) approach. The research was conducted at the Puskesmas Jagakarsa and SD Negeri Cipedak 03, South Jakarta. The study findings indicate utilizing student health report books is not optimal. Based on the needs analysis, there is a necessity to develop an electronic-based student health record. Automated calculation processes and reporting need to be provided by the system with data-sharing mechanisms among users. An interactive and informative dashboard displaying BMI graphs, nutritional status, stunting, anemia, and other physical examination results (dental, eye, ear, hypertension, and others) is essential. A comprehensive and continuous student health history is needed, showing parental health history, student health history, and student immunization history. Digital health transformation in the form of an electronic-based Student Health Report is highly required. This system is expected to enhance the role of parents, schools, and Puskesmas in effectively monitoring student health.

Digital Transformation of Health Professionals: Using the Context Optimisation Model for Person-Centred Analysis and Systematic Solutions (COMPASS) Implementation Model Use Case

In today’s demanding healthcare landscape, the use of theoretical frameworks is paramount for navigating the complexities of digital health challenges. The Context Optimisation Model for Person-centred Analysis and Systematic Solutions (COMPASS) theoretical framework and implementation model serves as an invaluable direction tool in planning, implementing, and evaluating digital healthcare initiatives. This paper showcases the tangible value of the COMPASS implementation model through a use case scenario involving an accredited exercise physiologist and a healthcare user with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus who seeks credible information via a mobile digital device. Within this example, the COMPASS model demonstrates the ability to enhance systematic processes, streamline the workflow of health professionals and develop their capabilities to actively contribute to the transformative realm of digital health. Through exploration of the use case and the significance of the systematic processes as a research direction, the empowerment of health professionals to play pivotal roles in ongoing digital health transformation is emphasised. The COMPASS model emerges as a powerful tool, guiding health professionals and organisations towards innovative and sustainable solutions in the dynamic landscape of digital healthcare.

Developing Health Management Competency for Digital Health Transformation: Protocol for a Qualitative Study

Background Globally, the health care system is experiencing a period of rapid and radical change. In response, innovative service models have been adopted for the delivery of high-quality care that require a health workforce with skills to support transformation and new ways of working. Objective The aim of this research protocol is to describe research that will contribute to developing the capability of health service managers in the digital health era and enabling digital transformation within the Australian health care environment. It also explains the process of preparing and finalizing the research design and methodologies by seeking answers to the following three research questions: (1) To what extent can the existing health service management and digital health competency frameworks guide the development of competence for health service managers in understanding and managing in the digital health space? (2) What are the competencies that are necessary for health service managers to acquire in order to effectively work with and manage in the digital health context? (3) What are the key factors that enable and inhibit health service managers to develop and demonstrate digital health competence in the workplace? Methods The study has adopted a qualitative approach, guided by the empirically validated management competency identification process, using four steps: (1) health management and digital health competency mapping, (2) scoping review of literature and policy analysis, (3) focus group discussions with health service managers, and (4) semistructured interviews with digital health leaders. The first 2 steps were to confirm the need for updating the current health service management curriculum to address changing competency requirements of health service managers in the digital health context. Results Two initial steps have been completed confirming the significance of the study and study design. Step 1, competency mapping, found that nearly half of the digital competencies were only partially or not addressed at all by the health management competency framework. The scoping review articulated the competencies health service managers need to effectively demonstrate digital health competence in the workplace. The findings effectively support the importance of the current research and also the appropriateness of the proposed steps 3 and 4 in answering the research questions and achieving the research aim. Conclusions This study will provide insights into the health service management workforce performance and development needs for digital health and inform credentialing and professional development requirements. This will guide health service managers in leading and managing the adoption and implementation of digital health as a contemporary tool for health care delivery. The study will develop an in-depth understanding of Australian health service managers’ experiences and views. This research process could be applied in other contexts, noting that the results need contextualization to individual country jurisdictions and environments. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/51884

Evaluation of success factors of utilizing AI in digital transformation of health and safety management systems in modern construction projects

In the construction industry, managing health and safety concerns is paramount to preventing accidents, injuries, and project delays. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into existing health and safety management systems holds the potential for significantly improving risk detection, mitigation, and overall management [1,2,3]. However, despite the evident benefits of AI in this domain, there remains a notable gap in the literature concerning the essential factors for successful implementation [4,5]. This study aims to address this gap by meticulously analyzing the key elements that contribute to the success of AI integration into the digital transformation of health and safety management systems within cutting-edge construction projects. Our methodology involved the identification of 25 factors, drawn from prior research and industry consensus. These factors were subjected to rigorous analysis, including Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) following a pilot survey with field experts and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using data obtained from a comprehensive questionnaire distributed among a representative sample of construction industry experts. The study's findings underscore the paramount importance of six critical constructs in determining the success of AI implementation in construction health and safety management systems: Adaptability, Operation, Management, Reliability, Integration, and Knowledge. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing safety measures in the construction industry through AI-driven solutions.