Digital Screen Research Articles

Evaluating the Strength of Evidence on the Effectiveness of Accommodative Support Lens on Computer Vision Syndrome

Computer vision syndrome is a disease that has emerged with the advent of the computer and digital age. It is most associated with long-hour users of digital screen devices. Its symptoms are ocular and extraocular and may include blur or double vision, and other visual discomforts such as redness, irritation, dry eye, watery eye, headache, neck and shoulder pains, back aches and tendonitis. Several studies have reported a prevalence rate of between 10-90%. Depending on a number of factors, different treatment approaches have been adopted by physicians for primary and secondary care. These approaches include optimization of ergonomics, progressive addition of lenses, use of nutritional supplements, and artificial tears. The validity of the efficacy of these approaches has continued to generate debates among public health stakeholders due to limited evidence. This article discusses the strength of evidence of the use of accommodative support lenses in alleviating the symptoms of computer vision syndrome, with a special focus on the work of Seguí-Crespo et al., 2022.

Bibliometric analysis on principles of digital content creation for toddlers

oung toddlers’ early experience of digital screen-watching engagement is extraordinary for their first three years of cognitive, language, physical, social, and emotional development. While previous studies have doc-umented that toddlers’ digital use negatively impacts from an ecological perspective. However, some work has shown that digital screen media opens learning outcomes for toddlers around three years old. Besides, there are significant literature gaps related to well-designed, theoretically proven, empirically researched principles of digital content creation for young toddlers. Therefore, the present study used inclusion and ex-clusion criteria, a PRISMA (The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) flow chart, and screening research hot spots to reveal the principles of creating digital content for toddlers aged 0 to 3. Bibliometric analysis on research hotspots and leading researchers’ publications evokes constitute the trends in digital content creation and consumption. The findings showed a compilation of eleven principles of digital content creation for young screen consumers based on the screening process from the Dimension data-base. This study used the bibliometric analysis method to seek publications on principles of digital content creation for young toddlers to provide further research directions in empirical research

The Effect of Illumination on Positive Fusional Vergence.

Positive fusional vergence (PFV) is vital in maintaining fusion in critical and continuous near tasks such as reading or performing digital screen tasks. This study investigated how PFV changed under various lighting conditions. This cross-sectional study recruited 34 participants aged between 21 and 25 years, with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 0.0 logMAR and insignificant refractive error. Three different illuminations-low illumination (50 lux), medium lighting (100 lux), and high illumination (150 lux)-were used to examine the ocular parameters PFV (blur, break, and recovery points), contrast sensitivity and pupil diameter. Pupil diameter changed significantly in different room illuminations (p = 0.00). There was no significant difference in contrast sensitivity across the three levels of room illumination (p = 0.368). Mean PFV (SD) (blur) was 14.5 (2.5) in 50 lux, 10.2 (2.2) in 100 lux, and 8.2 (2.1) in 150 lux. Under 50, 100 and 150 lux, respectively, the mean PFV (SD) (break) values were 16.7 (2.4), 13.4 (1.8), and 10.8 (2.2), and the mean PFV (SD) (recovery) values were 13.3 (2.1), 10.7 (2.1), and 7.5 (2.7). With increased illumination levels, PFV blur, break, and recovery values were significantly lower (p < 0.001). PFV values were significantly higher in lower illumination. Clinicians should be aware that room illumination affected the PFV values measured.

Paradigm of digital eye strain

Digital Eye Strain (DES) is currently an emerging public health threat. The strain is directly proportional to the duration of digital screen exposure (screens of mobiles, computers, laptops, tablets). Digital Eye Strain is characterized by dry eyes, itching, foreign body sensation, watering, blurring of vision, and headache. According to the American Optometric Association, the usage of digital devices continuously for two hours is adequate to bring in digital eye strain. The increased time spent on the electronic and digital gadgets is the sole contributor of DES. It is estimated that the a person spends nearly 4.5–7 hours a day on the computer/cell phones either at the office or at home. Management options for DES are symptoms-based and include a holistic and comprehensive approach, from the management of refractive errors and ocular surface dryness to providing workplace recommendations to improve visual comfort. Lubricating drops may reduce dry eye symptoms such as dryness, irritation, ocular discomfort, tiredness. Blinking exercises can also help in DES.

Preparing for the New NIH Data Management and Sharing Policy

The Taubman Health Sciences Library (THSL) at the University of Michigan established the Research Data Core Team (Data Team) to raise awareness and educate people about the new Data Management &amp; Sharing Policy released by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). This was accomplished with an initial outreach phase, followed by an engagement phase.Outreach was launched by updating a LibGuide with information about the new policy, creating a slide for digital screens, and producing a short video. For the engagement phase, a presentation was created to review the policy’s main points, emphasizing that a Data Management and Sharing (DMS) Plan needed to be included in grant applications.Throughout the Fall 2022 and Winter 2023 semesters, the Data Team facilitated eight presentations, two workshops, and two office hours. Increased LibGuide views peaked at 1,873 in January. The Data Team anticipates continuing outreach and engagement after seeing how the NIH responds to the first DMS Plans.

Effect of digital screen usage on the visual-vestibular system interaction

Background/aimThis research aims to develop an original understanding of the subject by examining how digital screen usage correlates with visual-vestibular system interaction and the vestibuloocular reflex mechanism using vestibular test parameters.Materials and methodsThe study included 59 healthy participants. Participants were divided into two groups according to their screen usage time 3–6 h (Group 1) and over 6 h (Group 2). Participants were asked questions about complaints after screen use. After that, Video Head Impulse, Dynamic Visual Acuity, Videonystagmography test was applied to the participants.ResultsDVA was significantly poor in group 2. In vHIT and Videonystagmography test, a significant difference was not observed between the groups.ConclusionThere is no conclusive evidence that digital screen usage directly affects the peripheral or central vestibular systems. However, the decrease in DVA in individuals who use digital screens for more than 6 h may be related to the effects of digital screen exposure on the visual-vestibular system.

CORRELATION OF DRY EYES WITH ON-SCREEN TIME AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS

Objective: An increased global dependence on digital screen use has resulted in a tremendous increase in screen-related ocular complaints such as dryness, ocular strain, burning sensation, grittiness, and transient blurring. This study aims to focus on the correlation between the duration of screen exposure and dry eyes among young medical students with the help of the combination of a questionnaire based on subjective symptoms of dry eyes and screen time and further tests to confirm dry eyes in those having symptoms. Numerous mechanisms have been mentioned in screen-associated evaporative dry eyes, including reduced blink rate, hazardous effects of blue light emitted from digital screens, and inflammatory changes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 253 medical students at MIMS, Uttar Pradesh, from January 2021 to December 2022. Upon obtaining informed consent, all participants were given Schirmer 1 and tear film breakup time (TBUT) test. Patients with Schirmer 1 and TBUT reading &lt;10 mm were identified as dry-eye patients. After that, a pre-designed questionnaire was applied to all dry-eye participants that asked about different symptoms of dry eyes and screen time and the correlation between subjective symptoms of dry eyes, dry-eye tests, and screen time was evaluated. Results: About 20.8% of medical students had dry eyes, and those who used their phones for 2–5 h had statistically higher rates of the condition. The length of breaks was also found to be strongly correlated with dry eye. Conclusion: Prolonged duration of digital screen exposure in any form (laptop and mobile phones, etc.) is directly related to the risk of dry-eye disease in the long term. Majority of the students (75%) were willing to reduce their screen time as a preventive measure toward dry eye.

Do children need humans or screen? Institutional-based cross-sectional study

Introduction: Screen exposure is on the rise and has been virtually unavoidable in the post-Covid era. Screen exposure during the critical period of brain development results in delayed language, learning and behaviour problems and subsequent sedentary lifestyle results in non-communicable disease later in life.Objectives: To assess the burden of digital screen exposure and parental perceptions of its effects in children.Method: This institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 1-13 years in a tertiary healthcare centre in Puducherry, India, from April 2022 to June 2022. Data were collected using the Digital Screen Exposure Questionnaire (DSEQ), administered by trained Compulsory Rotatory Residential Internship (CRRI) after pilot testing.Results: Our study shows that the prevalence of excessive screen exposure (&gt;1 hour) was 25% during weekdays and 44.9% during weekends. The most common media used was television (TV) in 92.8%, closely followed by smart phones in 90%. Most frequently watched content (&gt;5 times/ week) was random things for enjoyment in 57.8% followed by rhymes in 25.7%; 57.1% had no outside play during weekdays. Mother’s education was the main predictor which influenced the duration of screen exposure in study participants.Conclusions: Our study shows that the prevalence of excessive screen exposure (&gt;1 hour) was 25% during weekdays and 44.9% during weekends. Common media used were TV in 92.8% and smart phones in 90%. Except for mother’s education, no other socio-demographic factor influenced the duration of screen exposure in study participants. There was excessive screen exposure in children despite parental perception of its harmful effects

Writing the Heart Sutra Online

Online calligraphic handwriting has taken on various creative forms: from WeChat handwriting communities to digital teaching apps and downloadable calligraphic fonts. This article proposes to consider online calligraphy practice a means to connect to an imagined past. Calligraphy, then, is employed for a haptic reconnecting with the past through movements of brush and wrist by restoring and reenacting an (imagined) classical Chinese culture on digital screens. This article focuses specifically on the affective modes of writing the Heart Sutra (Xin Jing 心經) in the online environment of the platform Kuaishou (快手). It analyzes how the affordances of the social media platform allow for various forms of affective engagement with the classicist text. This article suggests that the specific modalities underpinning Heart Sutra writings are informed by the nostalgic desire to perform a type of Chineseness. Instances of online sutra writings on Kuaishou further contest the widespread misconception that content uploaded on the specific platform is mostly subsumable under the cultural mode of tuwei 土味 or “vulgar content.”

Art cinema, film policy and the slaughterhouse of Swedish cinema

Focusing on the introduction of a new government film policy in 2017, this article explores how the audience for Swedish cinema – little-watched art films in particular – is conceptualized in the context of film policy and as a topic of debate within the Swedish film industry. The analysis shows that the new film policy contributes – against its own explicit aims – to reproducing a deep-seated distinction between ‘wide’ and ‘narrow’ films. In addition, Swedish film policy has yet to adapt to the conditions of today’s digital screen culture. As a result, ‘narrow films’ are subject to low audience expectations and a de facto lack of performance accountability. This, the article argues, could be more a blessing than a curse, suggesting a need to rethink the notion of ‘failure’ and to further explore the prospects of ‘failure studies’ in the context of Swedish cinema.

Computer Vision Syndrome - A Homoeopathic Approach with Ergonomic Intervention

The introduction of computer and other digital visual screens (smart phones, tablets, iPad, iPhone) have brought a phenomenal change in our lives and soon became an integral part of our daily life. The use of digital visual screens in the society is on rise and expected to follow the same trend in coming years. Although these devices offer great advantages however, these are not free from health-related problems if not used properly. Computer Vision Syndrome, also known as Digital Eye Strain, encompasses a range of ocular, visual symptoms&amp; other musculoskeletal symptoms which estimates suggest its prevalence of 50% or more among digital screen users. Keywords: Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), Digital Eye Strain, Visual Display Terminals (VDT), Ergonomics.

Genç Yetişkinlerde COVID-19 Pandemisi Dönemi Miyopi: Türkiye-Zonguldak İli Örneği

Aim: Investigating the relationship between the development and progression of myopia and digital&#x0D; screen time in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.&#x0D; Material and Methods: This single-centered, retrospective study included 106 young adults aged 18-&#x0D; 25 years, followed up in January-March 2019, 2020, and 2021. The patients were divided into two&#x0D; groups: emmetrope and myopia according to their baseline refractive values. The association between&#x0D; spherical equivalent refraction (SER) values and digital screen time before and during the pandemic&#x0D; was evaluated.&#x0D; Results: The mean age of 59 patients‘ (69.5% female) in the emmetrope group was 20.7±2.0, and&#x0D; 20.6±2.3 years of 47 patients (68.1% female) in the myopia group (p=0.422, p=0.877, respectively).&#x0D; The patients were reported to spend more time on digital devices in both groups (p

Pengembangan Kualitas Konten Informasi Display Masjid Berbasis Web

Digital transformation is a necessity that must be faced by various fields, including the religious field. The mosque, as a place of worship that has religious activities, needs to provide quality information to the community around the mosque, especially the congregation praying five times a day at the mosque. The Nurul Huda Mosque is located in Lowayu Village, Dukun Sub-district, Gresik Regency. Until now, information on religious activities has only been conveyed through loudspeakers, so the information conveyed is limited to certain times, which is likely to have many congregations and the community around the mosque who do not know about it. It is necessary to improve the quality of information through web-based information management training using computer media for religious activities, which are transmitted digitally through digital screens available in the foyer of the mosque. The results of the assistance provided an increase in perception and knowledge for the management of the mosque's digital information management section with a score of 4.33 (very appropriate), and the level of partner satisfaction with the community service program as a whole got an average score of 4.06 (satisfied).

The Relationship between Eyestrain and the Occurrence of Floaters in Kalam Kudus Senior High School

Introduction: Floaters, or particles that appear to float in the visual field, are often subjective complaints that cause disruptive sensations in vision. Eye strain, which is a common symptom associated with prolonged use of digital screens, can lead to other visual disorders. However, there is limited research examining the relationship between eye strain and floaters. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between eyestrain and the occurrence of floaters in Kalam Kudus Senior High School.&#x0D; Methods: The study was conducted using a cross-sectional method with 62 respondents who extensively use electronic devices. Data on eye strain symptoms and the occurrence of floaters were collected using a standard questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between eye strain and floaters.&#x0D; Results: The results of the study showed a significant relationship between eyestrain and the occurrence of floaters (p-value = 0.022). Students who reported eyestrain had a higher risk of experiencing floaters.&#x0D; Conclusion: Excessive use of digital screens and eye strain can contribute to the development of floaters in the high school student population.&#x0D;

Educational Software System For Teaching STEM To Visually Impaired People

‘Education for All’ is a farfetched dream for all Developing Countries. ‘Inclusive Education’ is still farther. Visually challenged individuals are still far from main steam Education. Their overall education is limited to humanity subjects only. They are not able to take up Science and Mathematics as a subject beyond middle school because of the lack of concepts, study material & sufficient teaching aid. The existing solution in Braille is a partial solution to this problem. Our research and resulting solutions enable them to develop the concepts & understanding of science & mathematics which help them study STEM subjects(Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) beyond Middle School too. In the proposed solution, we have developed a Machine Learning-based Software –Hardware Integrated system that helps them understand middle level & higher concepts of Mathematics & Science. It is an integrated system that has a software application connected with hardware comprising features like ‘Concepts and Explanation’, ‘Study Material’, ‘and Practice and Test Yourself’. The whole application can be accessed using the TalkBack accessibility feature of the application. If a blind individual has to trace a Mathematical shape such as say ‘sinusoidal graph’, then the person will draw a graph in real-time on the digital screen attached to the hardware (along with real-time voice assistance for tracing the shape/graph). When the sketching of the shape is completed, the coordinates of the figure traced on the digital screen are mapped and those particular pins/buttons are raised on the hardware device. Thus, the blind individual can touch and understand the shape of the hardware board. Moreover, the figure sketched is further checked for its accuracy and the result is read aloud by the voice assistant embedded in the application which is based on Machine Learning Algorithms.

Progressive Moire Removal and Texture Complementation for Image Demoireing

Taking photos of digital screens often produces color-distorting moire patterns caused by inconsistency between the color filter array of cameras and the sub-pixel layout of screens, which severely degrades the quality of photos. Most existing demoireing methods employ multi-stream network architecture to simultaneously process the same moire image with different resolutions, but they neglect the complementarity among different resolutions. In this paper, we propose a novel moire removal model to address this issue. Unlike the existing multi-stream based approaches, in this model, we present a progressive texture complementation block to exploit the complementary information from different resolutions in order to progressively remove moire textures and restore image content. Additionally, we propose a residual moire removal block, in which the depthwise separable convolution is utilized to remove moire from image while reducing computation overhead. This block also includes a local color correction structure, which is used to correct color shifts presented in the moire images. Experimental results on two public datasets show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Besides, the quantity of parameters and FLOPs of our model are tens of times fewer than the off-the-shelf models. Furthermore, our network framework can adapt well to another low-level vision task, rain removal, in which our model also achieves state-of-the-art performance.

Development and progression of myopia in children during the COVID-19 pandemic in urban area in Turkey.

To investigate the relationship between digital screen time and the development and progression of myopia during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Children aged 7-18years who had regular refractive measurement follow-ups before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were included in the study. They were divided into two groups according to their initial refractive status, emmetropic and myopic. The relationship between spherical equivalent refraction (SER) changes and digital screen time before and after the pandemic was analyzed. A total of 255 children were included in the study. During the pandemic in the emmetropic group, digital screen time increased by 5.98 ± 2.13h/day, and the mean SER decreased from - 0.02 to - 0.55 D (p < 0.001). During the pandemic in the myopic group, the digital screen time increased by 6.25 ± 2.36h, and the mean SER decreased from - 1.82 to - 2.72 D (p < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between the increase in digital screen time and the change in SER in the emmetropic and myopic groups (r = - 0.261, p = 0.015, r = - 0.269, p = 0.001, respectively). Increased digital screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a myopic shift in emmetropic children and myopic progression in myopic children. As a result of COVID-19, increasing cases of myopia should be addressed as a public health concern.

The global market upsurge in web traffic and revenues during the epidemic: an exploratory research of e-learning companies

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the market for various e-learning platforms existing globally. The global pandemic transformed the traditional education sector into an e-learning industry and impacted the digital education sector proportionally. The wide impact on people to maintain a social distance shortened the space and enhanced student engagement with digital screens. The merchandise of electronic gadgets and e-learning platforms boosted global revenues ever before.Design/methodology/approachA digital data analytical tool retrieved the data for e-learning companies. While screening companies, the authors came up with more than 150 and later narrowed it to 71. Furthermore, revenues and market capitalisation data were collected from open-source websites of respective e-learning platforms at national and international stock exchanges. The data from the year 2018 to 2021 was used to predict the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the 2022–2027 market value of e-learning companies. The demographics of the statistical data were plotted using GraphPad Prism and Python Plotly. Also, the study attempted to underpin the association of annual revenue with market capitalisation for e-learning companies using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).FindingsThe financials of the e-learning platforms were compared from 2018 to 2021 based on the stock market exchange, which showed a gradual increase in revenues and influenced the market capitalisation by the 2022 financial year. Also, simultaneously validating the CAGR of 13.16%, the expected revenues from 2022 to 2027 were $830bn. The data plotted on the atlas choropleth exhibiting the e-learning users increased globally by 2022. The Web traffic data validated by the browsing gadget helped to validate the increase in revenues of the electronic gadget companies.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the pioneer studies postulating the study of e-learning demographics comparing the e-learning influence on the global digital market, Web user traffic and the education sector. The demographics of e-learning users by age, gender and gadget distribution validate the e-learning induction globally.

Identification of high-risk patterns of myopia in Chinese students based on four major behavioral risk factors: a latent class analysis

BackgroundMyopia is prevalent in children and adolescents. Understanding the effect of multiple behaviors and their latent patterns on ocular biometric parameters may help clinicians and public health practitioners understand the behavioral risk pattern of myopia from a person-centered perspective. The purpose of this study was to identify the patterns of four major behavioral risk factors associated with myopia, including time spent outdoors, digital screen time, sleep duration, and performance of Chinese eye exercises. The study also examined the relationships between these behavioral patterns and myopia as well as ocular biometric parameters in a sample of Chinese college students.MethodsThis study included 2014 students from the Dali University Students Eye Health Study. The average age of the subjects was 19.0 ± 0.9 years old, ranging from 15.7 to 25.1 years old. Each participant’s refractive status was measured using an autorefractor without cycloplegia and ocular biometric parameters were measured using an IOL Master. Behavioral risk factors were collected using a pre-designed self-administered questionnaire. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify cluster patterns of various behaviors.ResultsThe prevalence of myopia was 91.8% in this population. The 2-class model was selected for the LCA based on goodness-of-fit evaluation metrics. Among the overall study sample, 41.1% and 58.9% were assigned into the high-risk and low-risk class, respectively. The risk of myopia [odds ratio (OR) = 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.52–3.14], high myopia (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.14–1.78) and axial length/corneal radius (AL/CR) ratio of more than 3.0 (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.22–2.72) were significantly higher in the high-risk compared with low-risk class.ConclusionsChinese university students showed differential risks of myopia and could be subdivided into high- and low-risk clusters based on four behavioral variables.

Students’ digital addiction and learning difficulties: shortcomings of surveys in inclusion

Students have been distance learning to a considerable extent during the Covid years and the primary concerns are teenagers’ learning difficulties, digital addiction and long screen time. Our aim was thus to study teenagers’ perceived learning difficulties, digital addiction and screen time. The current study was a part of a larger e-survey. The data were collected across Estonia from 8,486 teenagers who studied in the inclusive education system during spring 2022. The students were 11–20 years old. While analysing the data, we had to exclude the answers of 315 students. Those students had answered carelessly or inaccurately, had written an inaccurate age, illogical answers or similar answers throughout the test. We studied teenagers’ level of learning difficulties, digital addiction and screen time. The study shows positive correlations between learning difficulties, digital addiction and screen time. Digital addiction and screen time predict 11% of the variability of perceived learning difficulties scores based on a Linear Regression model. The model shows a poor prediction for students whose scores are very different from the mean. We describe the weaknesses of an e-survey method in inclusive education. Linear statistical models predict well for average students, but do not predict well for respondents who are very different from the mean. The so-called residuals need special attention or, paradoxically, exclusion from the statistical analysis. The outliers are often the students who need help in the inclusive system. Here, we will share our insights, what we have learned as researchers from conducting the study. We cannot collect reliable data about special needs students with any wide scale e-survey if we do not address the developmentally heterogeneous group of students and their needs while participating in the survey. This is significant for study reliability as well as gathering data from children with special needs.