Digital Screen Research Articles

Digital Fatigue and its Effects on Mental Health: Delphi and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis

The effects of digitalization on seafarers' mental health and digital fatigue are becoming increasingly important in the maritime industry. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of digital fatigue and mental health on seafarers. Data was collected through a questionnaire survey and analysed using regression analysis and the Delphi method. In the first part, the criteria affecting the level of digital fatigue and mental health of seafarers were identified, considering factors such as sleep patterns, prolonged screen use and working hours. The findings indicate a negative correlation between digital screen usage, digital workload, sleep patterns and social isolation, and mental health status. Prolonged screen use and high digital communication intensity were identified as significant contributors to the mental health challenges faced by seafarers. Furthermore, the study highlights the beneficial impact of stress management techniques and access to psychological support on mental health outcomes. This study aims to provide guidance to authorities and maritime agencies by providing important information to understand the impact of digitalization on seafarers in the maritime sector.

I would rather be a cyborg than a Barbie: hyperfeminine nostalgia and patriarchal futurity in Barbie

I examine portrayals of digital media and technology in Barbie, analysing Information and Communication Technology (ICT) symbolism in conjunction with the film's thematic commentaries on gender and contemporary affects. I draw my theoretical framework from Tracey Mollet's conceptualisation of twenty-first-century American nostalgia and Donna Haraway's iconic discussion of the cyborg, tracing all appearances of digital screens and devices, media franchises, computer software and virtual platforms in the film. I demonstrate that Barbie consistently associates ICT with toxic masculinity and corruptive futures, while disassociating desirable feminine spaces and interactions from technological artifacts and their use. This gendered representation of technology is contextualised within two competing nostalgias portrayed in the film: a hyperfeminine, commercialised girlhood and a masculine, nationalist and patriotic past. Analysing the strategic placement of digital ICT across the film's settings – Barbie Land, the Real World and Kendom – I illuminate the paradoxical relationship between the film's selectively feminist message and its dichotomous portrayal of technology. This case highlights the challenges of portraying feminism without stakes in popular culture, evoking Sarah Banet-Weiser's observations of neoliberal girl-power narratives in the guise of feminism. Ultimately, I argue that the portrayal of technology in Barbie reinforces biological essentialism, revitalising archaic logics which fixate on the physical gendered body as the motivator for feminist solidarity; moreover, it overlooks the importance of digital spaces in feminist praxis and theory, complicating its status as a pop feminist film.

DIGITAL WORLD: THE CHILD AND PARENTAL BONDING

In the contemporary era, entirely digital, crossing the links between one and the other, it is pressing to fi nd the incursion of the child from an early age in actions that are recorded through a digital screen provided by parents or caregivers as a means to occupy them in games and programmes of interaction with digital fi gures. Such digital modes have transformed the child’s access to the psychic, relational and bodily world. The method is comprehensive, based on the analysis of conceptual categories of theoretical contributions from the relational fi eld and its clinic. It is proposed to highlight the relationship between children’s subjectivity, mediated by the digital world, that is, the incorporation of images and their implications in the child’s psychic and bodily organization. Therefore, it is feasible to conceive how the digital world becomes a mediator between the parents and the child, so it is important to raise the importance that the digital world has to be built from a parental bond that ensures meaning to the child in his encounter with the digital environment.

Digital Screen Usage Amongst Doctors: Demographics, Patterns of Use and Effect of Health Parameters

Background: Advances in digital technology have led to widespread availability of digital devices and consequent increased usage amongst across the population including practising healthcare professionals. Increased ‘Digital Screen time’ and its effect on physical, psychological health, and sleep patterns has been predominantly evaluated in children, adolescents and adults from various walks of life. Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this survey was to evaluate the impact of Digital Screen usage (time and patterns) spent on portable and desktop digital devices amongst physicians, surgeons and radiologists. Material & Methods: An online cross-sectional survey of an 11-part questionnaire (multiple choice questions and free text box) was circulated amongst orthopaedic surgeons, radiologists and physicians in India and the UK, to evaluate demographics, speciality and place of practice; Digital platform usage reasons and time; effect on mental health, physical health, sleep time amongst practising healthcare professionals. Results: There was an even spread amongst the various age groups. Smartphones were the commonest device utilised for digital screening in 90 (67.7%) doctors with 29 (38.5%) of doctors reporting more than five hours of daily screen time. Sixty-three (47%) of doctors used this for academic purposes, whereas 43 (32%) used it for entertainment more than for academic purposes. Thirty-nine doctors (29%) were unaware of whether screen usage affected mental health. Seventy-two (53%) were of the opinion that screen usage was having a negative effect on their physical health whilst 81 (60%) thought that it was having an adverse effect on their sleeping time respectively. Conclusion: A significant proportion of doctors appear to be using digital devices beyond the recommended ‘Digital Screen time’ by various national or international healthcare organisations. There is an emerging need to highlight the deleterious effect of excessive ‘Digital Screen time’ on various health parameters and be part of a global health narrative to mitigate ill-effects and a sustainable lifestyle.

The risk screening effect of digital insurance distribution

AbstractExtant research holds that digital sales channels advance competition and service or goods availability but rarely details the attendant information asymmetry. Leveraging a large unique dataset, this study examines a specific case in which consumers have a choice between offline and digital channels for insurance purchases. We find that digital channels screen in consumers with lower unobserved risk. For term life, endowment and disease insurance products, the average risks of the policies purchased through digital channels were significantly lower than those purchased offline after controlling for all observed risk characteristics. This risk screening effect mainly comes from the inclusion of new low‐risk enrollees. As a consequence, digital channels exhibit lower information asymmetry and greater profitability compared to offline channels.

As a Featured ‘Cause of Dry Eye Syndrome ‘Digital Screens

As digital screens have become more indispensable in our lives, the health problems they induce have become more frequent. Dry eye syndrome may be the most common and preventable of these health issues. In this study, we investigated the adversity of digital screens on tear function. This study evaluated the possible negative and potentially harmful effects of digital screens on the lacrimal system and tear functions with the voluntary participation of 221 patients who applied to a private eye hospital in March and April 2024. While the ocular surface conditions of the participating volunteers were evaluated with Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores, lacrimal activity functions were measured with the Schirmer test. The cases were 25-50 years old. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) evaluated the severity of dryness in the eyes. We found a reciprocal and statistically significant difference between dry eye symptoms and OSDI scores. Smartphone usage for more than 5 years, especially with higher screen brightnesses, has been attributed to a higher risky behavior for dry eye syndrome.

Comparative Analysis of Blink Rates During Printed and On-Screen Reading Across Varying Screen Sizes

Objective: To compare the blink rates during resting periods and while engaging in printed and on-screen reading across different digital screen dimensions.Material and Methods: This study involved thirty-two university students with normal vision, who were recorded during a 3-minute conversation to establish baseline blink rates and subsequently during four reading conditions. Participants read four passages under different conditions: printed text, smartphone, tablet, and computer screens. Video recordings were then analysed to quantify blink rates (blinks per minute, bpm) for each condition.Results: Blink rates significantly decreased in all reading scenarios compared to the baseline resting condition (p-value<0.05). Analysis via repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated significant differences in blink rates across all reading conditions (p-value<0.01). Pairwise comparisons revealed that blink rates during smartphone reading were notably lower than printed text, tablets, and computers (p-value<0.05). Conversely, blink rates exhibited no significant differences between printed text and tablet, printed text and computer, and computer and tablet readings (p-value>0.05).Conclusion: The study reveals a consistent decrease in blink rates during various reading conditions with different digital screens compared to resting states, highlighting the influence of visual engagement on ocular behaviour. Reading with a smartphone has decreased blink rates, which may affect eye health and device use. Understanding these dynamicscan guide ergonomic design to reduce visual discomfort from digital screen use, supporting healthy reading habits in the digital age.

Computer vision syndrome: A disease of the new age era

Advancement in technology has revolutionized the modern era, making people turn a blind eye to its disastrous effects. One such harmful effect is the overuse of digital screens for various purposes leading to a new disease entity named “Computer vision syndrome”. Although a major health problem, it is often ignored by the patients and practitioners, particularly in a developing country like India. The purpose of this narrative review article is to shed light on the various symptoms as well as provide a fruitful treatment based on evidence-based literature available.

Fun and Functional: Using Non-Digital Games to Promote Maths Engagement in Pre-service Teachers

Humans naturally engage in playful activities throughout their lives and play serves as a fundamental mechanism for cognitive development as well as the development of essential soft skills such as teamwork, decision-making, leadership, and communication. Recognizing this innate predisposition for play, educators are increasingly embracing gamification strategies into their classrooms. More attention has been driven to digital tools such as platforms Kahoot! and Duolingo which gained popularity and demonstrated the potential of game-based learning to increase engagement and knowledge retention. However, concerns about digital screen time fuelled a renewed interest in non-digital activities, including educational games. Non-digital games are often more accessible and affordable, making them suitable for schools with limited resources. Research suggests that non-digital games can effectively promote collaboration, communication, and critical thinking skills. In addition, they offer flexibility to teachers to adapt rules and scenarios to specific learning objectives and student needs. Recognizing the benefits of employing games as a pedagogical strategy, the first author of this study opted to incorporate game-based learning strategies into her classes, on a regular basis. Throughout the semester, various non-digital games were implemented, inspired on well-known classics such as memory card games, Monopoly and Pictionary. These games were carefully designed to address specific mathematics topics identified as either the most relevant or those where students revealed more difficulties. The participants in this study were pre-service pre- and primary school teachers enrolled in a maths undergraduate course. Since these students are future educators, the games served a dual purpose: improving current learning experiences and providing teaching resources for their future classrooms. At the end of the semester, a survey was conducted to evaluate students’ perceptions towards the use of games in the mathematics teaching-learning process. In this paper we describe some of the games used in this study and analyse the results of the survey. Previous studies reveal that students generally welcome the incorporation of games, perceiving them as effective tools for enhancing motivation and promoting positive learning outcomes. Our findings corroborate these studies.

공공미술로서의 데이터 아트의 활용 가능성 연구 : 추상성과 복잡성을 중심으로

This study explores data art as a form of public art, focusing on visual abstraction and complexity. In recent years, new media works such as installation art and media art have transformed public spaces and architecture, turning urban areas into places that offer new experiences and inspiration beyond mere transit or commercial uses. However, the utilization of data art as public art remains limited. Data art visually represents vast amounts of data, providing unique insights and conveying new meanings through various forms. For instance, data art that integrates real-time climate data can offer both important messages and aesthetic experiences. The analysis of the technical and artistic aspects of data art installed in public spaces reveal the following: Data art’s abstraction and complexity provide citizens with immersive and novel experiences, enabling mental rejuvenation. Data art, expressed in geometric abstraction or abstract expressionist styles, captivates viewers and offers a balanced complexity designed by the artist, delivering surprise and newness. Utilizing diverse raw data and visualized in real-time, data art is created as installation pieces using digital screens or LEDs. These artworks are installed in various public places such as building lobbies, bus stops, and parks, allowing more people to experience art in their daily lives. Therefore, as public art, data art, with its abstraction and complexity, can engage citizens emotionally and promote open-minded thinking.

MENTAL HEALTH IMPACTS BY ELEVATED DIGITAL SCREEN TIME DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Introduction – The length of time invested in and the various activities carried out utilizing digital devices are referred to as screen time. The COVID-19 pandemic's restrictions on social interactions exacerbated the overuse of digital gadgets for everyday tasks like socializing, education, shopping, working, meeting, and entertainment. Increased screen usage has been thought to have harmful impacts on psychiatric health in studies. Methods – Several journal articles were used as references, with the inclusion criteria of literature that discuss the mental health impacts of elevated digital screen time during the pandemic of COVID-19 and its recommended measures to minimize its adverse mental health outcomes and the promotion of healthy digital habits. Results – During the pandemic of COVID-19, the unprecedented digital life led to higher numbers of anxiety, sadness, confusion, and unpleasant feelings including irritation and violence. it is crucial to know how screen use time evolved during the COVID-19 period of crisis so that the design of health promotion and intervention may be planned and informed. This study aims to discuss the mental health impacts of elevated digital screen time on the pandemic of COVID-19 and strategies to minimize its adverse mental health outcomes, and the promotion of healthy digital habits. Discuss – Boosting collaborative research involving worldwide nations to tackle COVID-19-related public health concerns can improve global evidence and future policies. Increased screen usage has been displayed to have harmful impacts on psychiatric health in studies. Excessive digital use has been linked to attention deficit disorders, social and emotional cognitive impairment, social withdrawal, phantom vibration syndrome, and major psychiatric diseases such as depression, anxiety, and gaming addiction. Conclusion – It is critical to promote good digital practices and good applications of digital media to avoid the negative effects of increased screen time. To prevent hazardous screen usage and other behaviors that may influence the mental health and welfare of COVID-19-affected people, it is critical to harness the evidence available and adopt multimodal strategies. Keywords: mental health, screen time, COVID-19.

Cognitive Functioning and Emotional Regulation: the Levels of Digital Screen Use in Relation to Socio-Demographic Factors

Cognitive Functioning and Emotional Regulation: the Levels of Digital Screen Use in Relation to Socio-Demographic Factors

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Myopia in Computer Vision Syndrome Among Undergraduate Students in Pakistan

Background: Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is prevalent among students due to extensive digital screen use, leading to various ocular and musculoskeletal symptoms.Objective: To assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of CVS among undergraduate students in Pakistan.Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 422 undergraduate students at the University of Lahore from March to April 2020. Participants were selected using non-probability convenient sampling. Data were collected through a structured, web-based questionnaire covering demographics, computer usage patterns, and CVS symptoms. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing chi-square tests and logistic regression to identify significant associations, with p-values <0.05 considered significant. Ethical approval was obtained, and the study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.Results: CVS prevalence was 70.4% among participants, with higher rates in females (45.6%) compared to males (36%) (p=0.03). Prolonged computer use (>3 hours/day) was significantly associated with CVS (p=0.04). Regular breaks every 30 minutes reduced CVS prevalence significantly (p=0.01).Conclusion: CVS is highly prevalent among undergraduate students, especially among females and those with prolonged computer use. Interventions focusing on ergonomic practices and regular breaks are recommended.

The (im)possibility of communication with nonhuman beings: with digital screen printing of luminous bacteria

In the current media environment, John Durham Peters emphasizes the importance of non-verbal communication and notes that underpinned by digital technology, “media” is returning to its original meaning as the milieu that surrounds living beings. To concretize and critically discuss this idea, this paper examines the artworks created by the authors, which incorporate microorganisms into digital technology. These works applied luminous bacteria as ink to digitally screen print text and images. The first work, A Medium for Images or Luminous Bacteria (2022), prints Japanese text with luminous bacteria ink. The second work, ‘イ(I)’ (1926) by BioLuminescent Bacteria (2024), recreates the first image in the history of Japanese television, ‘イ(I)’, with luminous bacteria. This paper compares and analyzes these practices in light of classical media theory, including the work of William Ivins Jr. and Marshall McLuhan. The paper introduces another work, Grow.|Glow. (2023), to further expand the discussion to contemporary digital media. Finally, drawing on the recent arguments of Anna Tsing and Antonio Damasio, we elucidate the critical implications that the works of luminous bacteria bring to the current media environment.

Risk factors and severity of melasma in patients attending dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital: A cross-sectional study.

Melasma is a chronic acquired dysfunction of melanogenesis characterized by dark brown irregular macules on skin. Genetic predisposition, pregnancy, sun exposure, and hormonal therapy are common risk factors. Prevalence of melasma is variable, ranging from 5% to 46%. This study aimed to assess the severity and potential risk factors of melasma in a tertiary care setting. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with melasma visiting dermatology department of a tertiary care center in Nepal. Nonprobability consecutive sampling was adopted. Severity of melasma was assessed using the Modified Melasma Area and Severity Index score. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version-23. Bivariate analysis was done by using Student t test/Mann-Whitney U test, or Chi-square/Fischer exact test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. The overall median Modified Melasma Area and Severity Index score was 5.40 (3.60-6.75). Most patients (168, 88.42%) had mild melasma. The severity score was significantly higher in older age (P = .024), women having parity more than 3 (P = .014), centrofacial pattern (P = .024), and patients having dermatological comorbidities (P = .014). Severity was significantly lower in those who used cosmetics at home. Moreover, the use of digital screens was not associated with an increase in melasma severity. Most of the cases had mild melasma. Severity was significantly associated with age, parity, pattern, practice of cosmetic use, and presence of dermatological comorbidities.

B - 106 Exploring the Impact of Screentime Use on Children’s Development at Aged 2 to 12: a Systematic Review

Abstract Objective Children’s use of digital media and the internet has become part of their daily lives, thus increasing their average screentime (ST). Research warns about the impact of excessive ST on children’s development. This study aimed to identify the impact of ST on the development of children between the ages of 2 and 12. Data Selection A systematic review was conducted to gather and identify the impact of excessive ST (more than two hours a day) in children aged 2 to 12. The search was limited to the databases APA PsyInfo, PubMed, COBIMET, and Google Scholar. The studies considered were published in English and Spanish between 2019 and 2023. The search terms used included “screentime,” “digital media”, “children,” “smartphones,” “tablets,” and “development.” After review, a sample of nine studies was selected for analysis, considering their publication, sample, and main findings. The quality assessment was carried out using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi-Experimental/Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies (Tufanaru, et al., 2020). Data Synthesis This systematic review identified that excessive ST negatively affects children’s development. Conclusions This study’s findings underscore the importance of limiting ST to less than two hours a day due to the potential for cognitive and motor skills impairment and socio-emotional dysregulation. Professionals should strive to educate parents on better practices for the appropriate use of digital screens in children from ages 2 to 12. Public policy should raise awareness, create programs, and establish policies that regulate advertising aimed at children on smart devices, as this could increase ST.

Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease: Considerations for Clinical Management.

Dry eye disease is a multifactorial condition characterised by tear film instability, hyperosmolarity and ocular surface inflammation. Understanding the epidemiology of dry eye disease and recognising both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors can assist eye care practitioners in assessing, treating, and managing patients with the condition. This review considers current knowledge surrounding its incidence and prevalence, as well as associated demographic, systemic, ocular, and iatrogenic, and lifestyle-related modifiable risk factors. Population-based prevalence estimates vary according to the diagnostic criteria used to define dry eye disease, as well as severity and demographic characteristics of the population. Considering recent data and variable population demographics, conservative prevalence estimates suggest that 10-20% of the population over 40 years of age report moderate to severe symptoms and/or seek treatment for dry eye disease. Individuals with specific non-modifiable demographic risk factors may be at increased risk of developing dry eye disease. Advanced age, female sex and East Asian ethnicity have been identified as key non-modifiable demographic features predisposing individuals to dry eye disease. Systemic conditions that have been associated with an increased risk of dry eye disease include migraine, Sjögren syndrome, connective tissue disorders, mental health disorders, diabetes mellitus and androgen deficiency. Medications that may contribute to this risk include antidepressants, antihistamines, and hormone replacement therapy. Ocular and iatrogenic risk factors of dry eye disease include blepharitis, Demodex infestation, ocular surgery, blink completeness, contact lens wear, and topical ophthalmic medications. A range of modifiable lifestyle factors that can increase the risk of dry eye disease have also been identified, including low humidity environments, digital screen use, quality of sleep, diet, and eye cosmetic wear. Dry eye is a common disease affecting millions globally. Increasing knowledge regarding its associated risk factors can better prepare the eye care practitioner to successfully manage patients with this ocular surface disease.

Break From Digital Screen Using Digital Detox Program in Nursing Students.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of an 8-week digital detox program on digital screen use among 300 nursing students and explored associations between screen use and demographic variables. A one-group pretest posttest design was employed using the Social Media Addiction Scale Student Form. The digital detox program was implemented for 8 weeks. Digital hygiene, self-reflection and goal setting, mental wellness, screen time management, physical health, interpersonal relationships, digital detox challenges, and hobby-based activities. Chi-square test was employed to determine the associations between digital screen use and demographic variables, respectively. t-tests were conducted to compare the mean screen time across different demographic groups. Results showed that 42% of students had high social media use, while 20% had low use. The overall mean score of social media use decreased significantly from 64.13 to 47.79 postintervention (p < 0.05), indicating the program's effectiveness. The study suggests incorporating digital detox routines to balance technology use with health, productivity, and external connections.

Association Between Eyelid Twitching and Digital Screen Time, Uncorrected Refractive Error, Intraocular Pressure, and Blood Electrolyte Imbalances.

Previous studies have shown that isolated eyelid myokymia (EM) is usually caused by stress, fatigue, and caffeine consumption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between EM and digital screen time, uncorrected refractive error, intraocular pressure (IOP), and blood electrolyte levels. Between February 2023 and June 2024, 103 eyes of 103 patients who applied to the ophthalmology outpatient clinic with complaints of eyelid twitching lasting for more than two weeksand 103 eyes of 103 healthy individuals as a control group were included in the study. All participants were asked to record their daily time spent with digital screens for two weeks. Cycloplegic refractive error, IOP, optic nerve head cup/disc (C/D) ratio, and blood calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium levels were recorded and compared between the two groups. Mean digital screen time was 4.84±1.74 hours in the control group and 6.88±2.01 hours in the EM group. It was found that digital screen time was significantly higher in the EM group compared to the control group (p<0.001). There was a strong positive correlation between the duration of eyelid twitching and the time spent in front of digital screens (p<0.001, r=0.670). There was no significant difference in cycloplegic refractive error, IOP, C/D ratio, and blood electrolyte levels between the two groups (p>0.05). Prolonged digital screen time might play a role in the development of EM. On the other hand, no relationship was found between eyelid twitching and uncorrected refractive error, glaucoma, or blood electrolyte levels.

The Effect of Screen Habits and Alternative Activities on Tactile Exploration Skills in 6- to 36-Month-Old Toddlers.

With the rising ubiquity of digital media and screens in everyday life, toddlers are increasingly exposed to different screens from an early age (i.e., television, computer, tablet, phone). However, few studies have examined the effect of these screens on toddlers' perceptual development. Since tactile exploration skills are necessary for environmental discovery and overall development, the current research investigates the links between screen-use habits and the tactile exploration skills (with visual control) of 6- to 36-month-old toddlers. The study involved observing the interactions of 135 toddlers with various objects and assessing the complexity of their visuo-tactile exploration strategies through two original experimental tasks. Data concerning screen habits and other relevant factors, such as socio-economic level, were collected using a parental questionnaire. Toddlers with greater screen exposure time demonstrated weaker tactile exploration skills and employed less age-appropriate exploration strategies. Socio-economic factors and parental engagement in alternative activities significantly influenced these developmental outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of reducing screen time and promoting interactive co-viewing and alternative activities to mitigate the negative effects of screen exposure. Further longitudinal research is needed to determine the long-term impacts of early screen exposure on tactile exploration and overall psychological development.