Digital Realization Research Articles

CHAOTIC RANDOMIZED SPACE VECTOR PULSE WIDTH MODULATION INTENDED FOR INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

In this industrial era, induction motor control plays a vital role, especially in speed control. Adjustment of speed is essential in all control strategies from the application perspective. There are different pulse width modulation methodologies to tune the speed and reduce harmonics. Among various pulse width modulation (PWM) strategies, space vector PWM (SVPWM) proves best for harmonic reduction in drive applications of variable frequency. SVPWM topology is modified by incorporating some randomness, generating switching pulses for the inverter, thereby controlling induction motor drives. A chaotic-based randomized algorithm is synthesized in primitive SVPWM and termed chaotic random SVPWM (CRSVPWM). It is proved from the results that the efficiency and performance are higher for chaotic randomized SVPWM induction drives than all conventional methods of PWM, having higher harmonics, lower modulation index, and less flexibility. CRSVPWM shows the advantages of better fundamental output voltage, more straightforward digital realization, improved harmonic performance, and extreme simplicity in vector selection. It is simulated through MATLAB 2021R, and hardware-based experimental validation was done using the Vivado design suite environment with Spartans-6 FPGA (XC6SLX9-2tqg144).

Multimodal shunt damping of monolithic bladed drums using multiple digital vibration absorbers

Abstract Based on a digital realization of piezoelectric shunt circuits, this works presents a proof-of-concept damping approach tailored to address the complex dynamics of monolithic bladed drums (BluMs) and attenuate their vibrations. This approach comprises the simultaneous use of multiple digital vibration absorbers (DVAs) together with a mean shunt strategy, taking advantage of the fact that multiple absorbers act simultaneously on the structure and that the blade modes of BluMs appear closely-spaced. In order to target multiple groups of modes, this strategy is incorporated in a multi-staged shunt circuit. The damping concept is numerically and experimentally demonstrated on a BluM with multiple piezoelectric patches, proving its ability to achieve excellent damping performance on multiple groups of modes. This performance is shown to be relatively insensitive to the spatial distribution of the shunted patches. Based on a robustness study, it was also found that the shunts are robust to changes in the host structure which could, e.g., be due to mistuning. Owing their digital nature, DVAs are easily adjustable making them highly attractive in practical applications.

Digital Implementation of Chaotic Systems UsingNvidia Jetson AGX Orin and Custom DAC Converter

Digital implementation of chaotic systems has numerous advantages, offering higher flexibility and computational accuracy compared to traditional analog systems. This is particularly important for engineering applications. Digital solutions are also more cost-effective. In this study, the Nvidia Jetson AGX Orin board and a 16-bit converter board are used for the digital realization of chaotic systems. The Nvidia Jetson AGX Orin provides high processing power and energy efficiency, while the 16-bit converter card ensures precise data processing. This setup allows for advanced, flexible, reliable, and economical solutions, enhancing various engineering applications, such as modeling, simulation, and control of complex systems. Digital platforms also facilitate parametric investigations and optimization processes, enabling more in-depth analysis.

Can the Digital Economy Achieve Low-Carbon Development? An Analysis Based on the Dual Perspectives of Reducing Emissions and Increasing Efficiency

The digital economy is an important driver for promoting the green transformation of the manufacturing industry, as well as a key engine for achieving China’s goals of reaching peak carbon, carbon neutrality, and high-quality economic development. This study uses provincial panel data from 2011 to 2021 as research samples and empirically analyzes the impact of the digital economy on carbon emissions by constructing a two-way fixed-effects model. The research findings show that the development of the digital economy can restrain the increasing scale of carbon emissions and improve carbon efficiency. A mediation effect analysis reveals that the digital economy can achieve emission reduction and efficiency improvement through the upgrading of consumption structures, while the upgrading of energy structures has the opposite effect, increasing carbon emissions. Further, a heterogeneity analysis indicates that the carbon reduction effect of the digital economy shows a trend of being higher in the west and lower in the east, higher in the north and lower in the south, higher in provinces with high openness compared to those with low openness, and higher in provinces with a good business environment compared to those with an average business environment. Based on these conclusions, recommendations are proposed at three levels: promoting the integration of the digital economy with manufacturing; fully leveraging the effects of the digital economy in relation to upgrading energy structures and consumption structures; and exploring collaborative mechanisms for regional digital development, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of the digital economy and realization of the “dual carbon” goals.

Benefits realization in digital transformation: the translation from policy to practice in health care

PurposeWhile digital transformation holds immense promise, organizations often fail to realize its benefits. This study aims to address how policies for digital transformation benefits realization are translated into practice.Design/methodology/approachThe authors apply a qualitative, comparative case study of two large, public-sector health care organizations in Sweden. Through document and interview data, the authors analyze the process of translation.FindingsThe study finds that practice variation is primarily caused by two types of decoupling: policy-practice and means-ends. Contrary to previous studies, coercion in policy compliance is not found to decrease practice variation.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations primarily stem from the empirical selection of two large public health-care organizations in Sweden, affecting the study’s generalizability. Reducing practice variation is more effectively achieved through goal alignment than coercion, leading to implications for the design of governance and control.Practical implicationsPolicymakers should, instead of focusing on control-related compliance, work to align organizational objectives and policies to decrease practice variation for successful benefits realization.Social implicationsThe study contributes to better benefits realization of digital transformation initiatives in health care. As such, the authors contribute to a better functioning and more transformative health care in times of increased demand and decreased supply of health-care services.Originality/valueThe study challenges conventional wisdom by identifying that coercion is less effective than goal alignment in reducing practice variation, thereby enhancing the understanding of policy implementation dynamics in health-care settings.

Multilevel Inverter with Enhanced THD Value used in Grid Connected Applications

In this work, the relationships among pulse width modulation (PWM), sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), and space-vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) for three-phase inverters will be analyzed to better comprehend their differences. detailed comparison of the three modulation schemes under study’s Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). High-power applications are increasingly concentrating on converter technology. This growing importance may be attributed to its improved output waveforms over the 3- carrier-based sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM). To control and modulate multi-level inverters, many techniques are employed. These methods are categorized based on how frequently they switch. The ripple current rating, capacitance value, and voltage balance in the DC bus capacitors are all impacted by the pulse width modulation techniques. It is crucial to select the modulation method based on the current control requirements, as this determines the output voltage waveform’s harmonic content. SVPWM is gradually becoming more and more popular in industries because of its improved dc bus utilization and ease of digital realization. This work examines PWM, Sinusoidal, and SVPWM feeding a load connected to RL. Three different methodologies’ performances are compared as these methods are investigated through simulation with MATLAB/SIMULINK software.

Investigation on Vision System: Digital FPGA Implementation in Case of Retina Rod Cells.

The development of prostheses and treatments for illnesses and recovery has recently been centered on hardware modeling for various delicate biological components, including the nervous system, brain, eyes, and heart. The retina, being the thinnest and deepest layer of the eye, is of particular interest. In this study, we employ the Nyquist-Based Approximation of Retina Rod Cell (NBAoRRC) approach, which has been adapted to utilize Look-Up Tables (LUTs) rather than original functions, to implement rod cells in the retina using cost-effective hardware. In modern mathematical models, numerous nonlinear functions are used to represent the activity of these cells. However, these nonlinear functions would require a substantial amount of hardware for direct implementation and may not meet the required speed constraints. The proposed method eliminates the need for multiplication functions and utilizes a fast, cost-effective rod cell device. Simulation results demonstrate the extent to which the proposed model aligns with the behavior of the primary rod cell model, particularly in terms of dynamic behavior. Based on the results of hardware implementation using the Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) board Virtex-5, the proposed model is shown to be reliable, consume 30 percent less power than the primary model, and have reduced hardware resource requirements. Based on the results of hardware implementation using the reconfigurable FPGA board Virtex-5, the proposed model is reliable, uses 30% less power consumption than the primary model in the worth state of the set of approximation method, and has a reduced hardware resource requirement. In fact, using the proposed model, this reduction in the power consumption can be achieved. Finally, in this article, by using the LUT which is systematically sampled (Nyquist rate), we were able to remove all costly operators in terms of hardware (digital) realization and achieve very good results in the field of digital implementation in two scales of network and single neuron.

Digital realization and stability analysis of urban economy based on IoT and data fusion

Digital realization and stability analysis of urban economy based on IoT and data fusion

Realization of an autonomous virtual acoustic black hole with piezoelectric patches

Acoustic black holes (ABHs) offer new opportunities for designing mechanical devices that can trap and reduce the vibrational energy of a system. This paper proposes the digital realization of the ABH effect, also called virtual ABH (VABH), through piezoelectric patches. A self-contained and autonomous reduction vibration device is thus developed. However, piezoelectric VABHs raise theoretical and experimental difficulties which are discussed herein. An improved pseudo-collocated approach is proposed, and the synthetic impedance is theoretically derived. Experiments are conducted using a cantilever beam where the VABH is implemented with few piezoelectric patches. It is shown to provide excellent vibration reduction over a large frequency range. The herein presented original concept solves the two long-lasting challenges of mechanical ABHs, i.e, its manufacturing and inability to operate at low frequencies, making it highly attractive for applications on real-life structures.

Virtual display and digital realization of furniture products

In this paper, the three-dimensional display system of furniture products combines the three-dimensional model and the image. Thus it can better show furniture products and their scenes in the shape of 3D in front of all users. In addition, the design of humanized interaction and artistic interface enhances the sense of reality and visual aesthetic in the process of the products browsing experience. According to the specific demand, this system chooses the method of three-dimensional transformation which uses two-dimensional graphics afterwards. At the same time, it uses the pictures of the real furniture products which are treated as mapping in order that model texture could realize the reality of the real furniture and improve the speed of the system in turn. Meanwhile, in order to simplify the mode, it makes use of LOD technology or a two-dimensional image as texture mapping.

Implementation of Digital Signal Processor for Pulse Doppler Radar

This paper presents the design and implementation of a digital signal processor (DSP) board, utilizing a TMS320C50 family DSP chip, for pulse-Doppler radar systems. Pulse-Doppler radar systems often encounter challenges such as strong clutter, noise, and jamming in dealing with echoes. To overcome these challenges, advanced digital signal processing techniques are employed. The main objective of this paper is to introduce a cost-effective signal processing solution that significantly enhances the performance of the radar system and brings it up to speed with modern radar technologies. The hardware described in this work can also be effectively utilized for implementing various types of signal processing algorithms. Additionally, as a secondary objective, the paper presents the digital realization of a radar detector. Traditionally, this detector was constructed using an analog Doppler filter bank. However, in this work, it is digitally implemented using N digital filters in place of the analog bank. By utilizing the designed DSP board and implementing the radar detector digitally, this paper demonstrates the potential for improved performance and efficiency in pulse-Doppler radar systems. The advancements made in this work contribute to the development of cost-effective and technologically advanced radar systems. The research results are presented for four different wind conditions, showcasing the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Furthermore, the paper suggests an algorithm that combines parametric and non-parametric techniques and provides a detailed explanation of its implementation. Finally, using the non-parametric technique, the probability of detection curves (PD) are simulated with respect to the signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) for each wind condition, and the simulation results are depicted and compared. The achievements of this paper include the proposal of an efficient approach for clutter suppression in ground surveillance pulse Doppler radar, the comparison of different clutter suppression algorithms, and the development of an algorithm that combines parametric and non-parametric techniques. The simulation results provide valuable insights into the performance of the proposed algorithms under different wind conditions.

Phase Unwrapping Method of Φ-OTDR System Based on Recursive-Branch-Cut Algorithm

Phase unwrapping is a crucial technique in phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) systems. Due to the effects of system under-sampling, I/Q imbalance and environmental noise, the traditional method of unwrapping the phase is prone to wrapping or even distortion. In this work, a two-dimensional phase unwrapping method based on the recursive-branch-cut (RBC) algorithm is proposed and studied to improve the accuracy of the demodulated phase waveform. The data near the vibration location is expanded into a two-dimensional wrapped phase map along the time direction. According to the abnormal phase distribution law, the two-dimensional wrapped phase map is divided into sliding windows of different lengths. Under the constraint of ensuring the global continuity of the phase, the local phase is optimized by selecting an appropriate integration path, and the error is minimized, thereby suppressing the propagation of abnormal noise in the global. The experimental results show that in the range of 1-80 Hz, the method can stably increase the upper limit of the system dynamic range by 3.21 dB. At the same time, the system has a good linear strain response capability, and the strain sensitivity is 22.46rad/με×m and R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> =0.9997. In addition, the method greatly improves the demodulation characteristics without increasing the generality and practicability of the system, which is beneficial to the fully digital realization of the heterodyne detection technology.

Metaverse and microorganism digital twins: A deep transfer learning approach

Preparing the infrastructure for analyzing, recognizing, and characterizing microorganisms in the Metaverse can transform the fields of biology, medicine, and drug discovery. Accordingly, the realization of digital twins of microorganisms, such as viruses, fungi, algae, bacteria, protozoa, archaea, and multicellular animal parasites, can streamline the applicability of the Metaverse and similar emerging technologies like Cyber-Physical Healthcare Systems (CPHS). This is why a new approach to the digital twinning of bacteria has been presented in this research. This method of digital twinning can revolutionize the research and study of bacteria because it allows us to separate useful and harmful bacterial species, increasing the efficiency of treatment noticeably. This innovative method can easily be used by clinics, medical centers, or even by private users physically and virtually and can be adapted to every centralized or decentralized Metaverse Platform. To determine the proper treatment, biologists have always tried to identify the correct bacterial species that prompted a bacterial infection. They use various indicators, such as the bacterial cell’s shape and the size of the colony formed by the bacteria, to classify different types of bacteria with different biochemistries and shapes. However, it is challenging because of the extensive similarities between some species. For instance, such similarities exist between Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, which has caused numerous false diagnostic reports by operators. Wrong species reports bring about treatment failure and increase antibiotic resistance issues. Therefore, the digital twins of bacteria cover all of their identifiable characteristics and overcome many limitations to study them. In this approach, DTL techniques, including MobileNetV2, EfficientNetV2-S, and ResNet-50, have been employed to build digital twins of bacteria species. A hybrid dataset was used for training and evaluation. Among the models, EfficientNetV2-S exhibited the best performance, with a validation accuracy of 99.58% and a test accuracy of 99.33%. The results showed the ability of deep learning models to make bacteria digital twins based on image processing from different labs, thus assisting experts in speeding up the process and reducing diagnostic errors. In addition, in the mispredicted cases, the correct species was among the first three choices of the model. Therefore, not only can experts use DTL approaches to speed up the digital twin realization of microorganisms in the Metaverse, but they can also use these methods to reduce diagnostic errors.

Semi-Implicit Euler Digital Implementation of Conditioned Super-Twisting Algorithm With Actuation Saturation

The standard super-twisting algorithm (STA) suffers from the windup problem when the actuator of the underlying controlled system is saturated. In the literature, an extension of the standard STA called conditioned STA, was proposed to eliminate the windup effect through the feedback of the saturated control action. However, as with the standard STA, the digital realizations of the conditioned STA with explicit-Euler methods are prone to result in chattering and zigzag oscillations, which degenerate the control performance when the gains of STA are large or the sampling time-step increases. This paper proposes a semi-implicit Euler realization for the conditioned STA to avoid these problems. The control accuracy and robustness of the proposed algorithm are analyzed in a discrete-time manner and it shows the proposed realization algorithm is consistent with the standard STA in terms of control accuracy. In addition, the proposed implementation method does not increase the magnitudes of numerical chattering when the gains of conditioned STA are overestimated and when the sampling time-step is large. The advantages of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated numerically with comparisons with other STA realization schemes through simulations and experiments with a platform of linear motor systems with saturated actuation.

Dynamical Analysis of the Incommensurate Fractional-Order Hopfield Neural Network System and Its Digital Circuit Realization

Dynamical analysis of the incommensurate fractional-order neural network is a novel topic in the field of chaos research. This article investigates a Hopfield neural network (HNN) system in view of incommensurate fractional orders. Using the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) algorithm, the solution of the incommensurate fractional-order Hopfield neural network (FOHNN) system is solved. The equilibrium point of the system is discussed, and the dissipative characteristics are verified and discussed. By varying the order values of the proposed system, different dynamical behaviors of the incommensurate FOHNN system are explored and discussed via bifurcation diagrams, the Lyapunov exponent spectrum, complexity, etc. Finally, using the DSP platform to implement the system, the results are in good agreement with those of the simulation. The actual results indicate that the system shows many complex and interesting phenomena, such as attractor coexistence and an inversion property, with dynamic changes of the order of q0, q1, and q2. These phenomena provide important insights for simulating complex neural system states in pathological conditions and provide the theoretical basis for the later study of incommensurate fractional-order neural network systems.

503 Barriers and facilitators to the development of pharmacy workforce digital skills– a qualitative study

Abstract Introduction The NHS Long Term Plan envisions a health and social care system that is patient-centred, equitable and safe, with staff who feel supported and enabled to do their work. Digitalisation is seen as essential to successful delivery of this, and its use to support medicines related activity continues to grow. Pharmacy staff need the necessary knowledge and skills to feel confident, competent and capable to use digital systems for patient benefit (1). However, development of Pharmacy workforce digital skills, and innovation with technology, continues to be a challenge (2). Aim This project aimed to, • define the barriers and facilitators faced by pharmacy staff, across an Integrated Care Provider, when developing digital skills. • create recommendations to enable pharmacy staff to develop the digital skills required to work with, and fully realise the potential of, digital systems in healthcare. Methods Senior pharmacy leadership staff from primary care, community pharmacy, mental health and secondary care, and front-line pharmacy staff from mental health and secondary care, participated in online focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Front-line pharmacy staff from Community Pharmacy and Primary Care did not participate in the focus groups and interviews. Their input was gathered through completion of a questionnaire. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results Pharmacists, Pharmacy Technicians and Pharmacy Assistants/Support Workers were recruited to the study. Seven themes were identified from the combined data set. These were, 1) Digital Knowledge and Skill Development, 2) Supporting staff with change, 3) Enabling Innovation, 4) Risks of poor digital skill development, 5) Technology as a barrier, 6) Leadership, and 7) Across the health care system. The themes informed a set of recommendations. One of the stronger themes identified by nearly all participants related to ‘supporting staff with change’. Participants described the scale and pace, resistance to and fear of change, and having to learn new skills and processes as a consequence of digital system implementation. Some participants observed variation in practice and changes in professional identity as they adapted and adopted digital systems. Some participants described themselves, and members of staff they managed, as having a fixed ‘can’t do’ mindset when faced with technology. Some participants recognised the potential with digital yet felt constrained by their roles and the restrictions set by digital system configuration. Discussion/Conclusion The changes that occur in response to digital systems affect staff in multiple ways. Some effort is made in response to this through creation of a standard process for system use in clinical practice, but this is often months after digital system implementation. It is suggested that implementation is no longer considered and managed as a single moment in time, but is an iterative change process that incorporates alternative change models and tools to those currently used. This may improve staff adaptability, system use, digital skill development, innovation and realisation of health technology benefits. A weakness of the study is limited participantion from front-line Community and Primary Care pharmacy staff.

Efficient Digital Realization of Endocrine Pancreatic β-Cells.

The accurate implementation of biological neural networks, which is one of the important areas of research in the field of neuromorphic, can be studied in the case of diseases, embedded systems, the study of the function of neurons in the nervous system, and so on. The pancreas is one of the main organs of human that performs important and vital functions in the body. One part of the pancreas is an endocrine gland and produces insulin, while another part is an exocrine gland that produces enzymes for digesting fats, proteins and carbohydrates. In this paper, an optimal digital hardware implementation for pancreatic β-cells, which is the endocrine type, is presented. Since the equationsof the original model include nonlinear functions, and the implementation of these functions results in greater use of hardware resources as well as deceleration, to achieve optimal implementation, we have approximated these nonlinear functions using the base-2 functions and LUT. The results of dynamic analysis and simulation show the accuracy of the proposed model compared to the original model. Analysis of the synthesis results of the proposed model on the Spartan-3 XC3S50 (5TQ144) reconfigurable board (FPGA) shows the superiority of the proposed model over the original model. These advantages include using fewer hardware resources, a performance almost twice as fast, and 19% less power consumption, than the original model.

Multiplierless low‐cost implementation of Hindmarsh–Rose neuron model in case of large‐scale realization

SummaryImplementation of neural networks in case of hardware helps us to understand the different parts of the human brain operation, using artificial intelligence (AI). This paper presents a new model of the Hindmarsh–Rose (HR) Neuron that is based on basic polynomial functions called Nyquist‐look up table‐Hindmarsh–Rose (N‐LUT‐HR) based on an accurate sampling of the original model. The proposed approach is investigated in terms of its digital realization feasibility. According to high matching between the original and proposed terms, it is showed that the new modified model can follow all spiking patterns of primary model with low‐error computations. In hardware case, the proposed and original models are implemented on Xilinx FPGA XC2VP30 chip to validate different aspects of the simulation results. Hardware results demonstrate that our model regenerates the desired patterns in low‐cost and high‐frequency (speed‐up) in comparison with the other similar works. Overall saving in FPGA resources show that this new model is capable of being used in large‐scale networks in case of minimum required resources (FPGA costs). In addition, the analysis of hardware indicates that the new circuits can work in a maximum frequency of 123 MHz with 98.25% saving in FPGA costs (resources utilization of FPGA).

Posthumanist stylistics

I present a posthumanist approach to literary interpretation using stylistic analysis. It is posthumanist since i) digital cameras/audio-video resources and editing applications prompt multimodal readings of literary works unlikely from human intuition alone; ii) anthropocentrism in literary texts is defamiliarised. I highlight how stylistic analysis can be used productively for developing multimodal creativity in posthumanist reading by motivating audio-video edits and effects. I model using Anne Brontë’s poem ‘Home’ (1846). When read only with intuition, ‘Home’ communicates young Brontë’s yearning for her family home. In contrast, this article has a non-intuitive digital multimodal realisation of this poem where a young Californian stuck in London because of pandemic (Covid-19) travel restrictions yearns for her home state in the aftermath of wildfires linked to anthropogenic climate change. This posthumanist transformative reading, flagging the negative repercussions of humans for their planetary home, defamiliarises the poem’s anthropocentric normality. Importantly, I show how stylistic analysis of ‘Home’ motivates creative use of audio-visual edits and effects in the posthumanist multimodal reading. The article makes contrast with standard interpretive practice in stylistics (‘humanist stylistics’). It also reflects on the value of posthumanist stylistics for extending students’ creative thinking in an educational context.

Study on the implementation path of C2B digital intelligence customization of “new infrastructure”

In the context of digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises, the research method of double case comparison analysis is used to explore the implementation path of C2B digital intelligence customization of "new infrastructure". The research found that: C2B personalized digital intelligence customization implements digital intelligence supply chain construction strategy, through supply chain digital intelligence transformation, realizes front-end and back-end collaboration, can reduce production costs, improve demand collection and production efficiency, and the implementation path is "digital intelligence supply chain construction → digital intelligence capability improvement → digital intelligence value realization". The research results can not only provide reference for decision making of new infrastructure, but also provide guidance for the path selection of digital transformation of enterprises.