Digital Picture Processing Research Articles

Binarization of scanning Moiré fringe pattern

This paper describes a digital picture processing method to obtain a binary scanning moiré pattern. In this method, a bias component due to the illumination light distribution is eliminated from the scanning moiré fringe pattern to detect the zero-crossing points of the moiré profile. The binary fringe pattern is then obtained from the zero-crossing points. Experiments indicate that the method is useful for facilitating three-dimensional automatic measurement using moiré topography.

Book reviews

Book reviews

General digital picture processing and texture analysis for photoelasticity

In this paper, a general digital picture processing and texture analysis for photoelasticity is developed. Overcoming some defects of references [2] and [3], it presents an effective method to analyse fringe patterns of the photoelasticity. By means of the trigonometric function relationship between the light intensity I and the image fringe order N, the equations of the fringe order N on brightness Z are deduced, and the mechanical parameters are thus obtained. We established a system of sigital picture processing and texture analysis for photoelasticity, which is called OYC-1 system. Finally, this system is checked with an example. It is found that the differences between measured results and the theoretical values are within 2.3 percent.

Logical Signal Processing With Optically Connected Threshold Gates

The characteristic features of deterministic and nondeterministic optical threshold logic gates are reviewed. Analog, binary, multiple-valued, multiple-class, and polynomial threshold gates are considered. Threshold synthesis techniques are outlined. Bulk optical and integrated optical implementations of reconfigurable threshold gates are discussed. Examples of deterministic logic operations involving binary addition and digital picture processing are presented. Applications to nondeterministic operations such as pattern recognition and heteroassociative processing are considered. The sensitivity of deterministic and nondeterministic mul-tiple-input optical threshold gates to physical errors is analyzed. The particular advantages of optically connected threshold gates with respect to electronic threshold gates are discussed.

Contrast echography of the eye and orbit.

SH U 454 is a new echocontrast agent which was developed primarily for echocardiography. It seems that there is a further potential in ophthalmic ultrasound diagnostics. SH U 454 produces contrast enhancement in the orbit, choroid and ciliary body, and permits determination of intraocular blood flow parameters in dogs' eyes. The effects are measured with digital picture processing techniques.

Computer-based cytophotometric classification of thyroid tumors in imprints.

This study of 14 follicular adenomas, 10 papillary carcinomas and 11 follicular carcinomas of the human thyroid gland demonstrates the possibility of a cytological tumor classification using digital picture processing. Routinely prepared, HE-stained imprints of surgical specimens were scanned under a light microscope at high resolution with a colour TV camera. The cell nuclei were segmented and analysed with an image processing system. The computer-aided cytophotometric methods detected the most significant differences in the chromatin texture with a criteria variance of texture line distances and texture points per texture knots. Using these criteria benign and malignant tumor types could be successfully differentiated.

Digital picture processing

Digital picture processing

Distance transformations in arbitrary dimensions

In many applications of digital picture processing, distances from certain feature elements to the nonfeature elements must be computed. In two dimensions at least four different families of distance transformations have been suggested, the most popular one being the city block/chessboard distance family. The purpose of this paper is twofold: To generalize these transformations to higher dimensions and to compare the computed distances with the Euclidean distance. All of the four distance transformation families are presented in three dimensions, and the two fastest ones are presented in four and arbitrary dimensions. The comparison with Euclidean distance is given as upper limits for the difference between the Euclidean distance and the computed distances.

15P. Digital picture processing system : the application to volcano-geology(Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Fall Meeting of the Society)

15P. Digital picture processing system : the application to volcano-geology(Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Fall Meeting of the Society)

Depth-First Picture Expression Viewed from Digital Picture Processing

A picture coding strategy titled DF-expression (Depth-First picture expression) is now studied from another point of view. The basic idea of DF-expression is briefly reviewed at first. Its capability in data compression is demonstrated using 1024 × 1024 binary pictures. Then the new aspects of DF-expression are studied in reference to picture processing algorithm on the coded form. They include circular shiftings, spectrum of primitives, logical operations, etc. Application of DF-expression to gray images (or multivalued pictures) is the next topics of the paper. DF-expression is applicable to bit-plane coding of any binary image data. Our conclusion with this point is that the gray code is the best binary code system for DF-expression in information preserving sense. Information-lossy type data reduction is another topics in this paper. The authors propose a new data reduction technique in terms of uniformalization of excessively complicated regions in bit-planes. Experimental study follows using a 256 × 256 sized fourbit test picture. Finally, conclusions and other possibility of the applications are remarked.

Correction of a statement in Digital picture processing

Correction of a statement in Digital picture processing

Computer analysis of chromatin arrangement and nuclear texture in follicular thyroid tumours

The differentiation of the thyroid glands follicular neoplasias into adenomas and carcinomas is currently done using the histological criteria recommended by WHO. This pilot study of 10 human follicular carcinomas and 10 folliculars adenomas demonstrates the possibility of a cytological classification using digital picture processing of high resolution cell images. Giemsa stained paraplast sections were scanned with a Colour-TV-camera, different channels were used with respect to staining and analyzing methods and computed with an image processing system. The computer aided cytophotometric methods detected significant differences in the chromatin arrangement and structure.

Going to the pictures

Digital Picture Processing, 2nd Edn. By Azriel Rosenfeld and Avinash C. Kak. Academic: 1982. Vol.1 pp.434, $35, £23.20; Vol.2 pp.343, $29, £19.20.

超音波画像の立体表示処理

Digital picture processing is widely used in almost every field of engineering with aid of computer and optoelectronics. In recent years the ultrasonic imaging with use of digital processing technique grows more important in the computer tomo-graphic scanning for medical examination or nondestructive testing. But there are very few papers about the fundamental research of ultrasonic imaging. In the present paper, we have made the underwater ultrasonic imaging system using microcomputers and discussed the power of resolution in the horisontal plane and the appropriate method for three dimensional display of ultrasonic image. Through some experiments the objects under water can be resolved and recognized with the error of at least 1.5mm. The psudo-color representation, edge-enhancement and isometric display are found to be effective to understand the three dimensional figure of objects.

Interactive Flying Spot Image Scanner For Direct Matching Of Photographic Film Pictures And Digital Images

This paper deals with an interactive flying spot scanner connected to a digital picture processing system. Its structure is discussed. One of the characteristics is analyzed in detail: the possibility of proceeding to interactive geometrical deformations with a programmable scanning system. A type of deformation was selected, and the principle of its implementation is outlined. The procedure which enables the execution of a geometric matching of a topographic map and a Landsat digital image is given as an application example. The main advantages of this method are pointed out.

Pictorial Data-Base Systems

New applications in digital picture processing—notably in handling geographic data and in computer-aided design—have prompted development of a variety of pictorial data-base systems.

Vehicle Guidance by Digital Picture Processing and Successive State Estimation

Vehicle guidance by a combination of digital picture processing and successive state estimation is described.The vehicle is to go alongside a white line on the floor.Two microcomputers are on board: a picture processor and a controller. The picture processor sees the line through a TV camera and computes its positional deviation off the guide line using the picture taken into its memory. The controller dose dead reckoning computation via measuring vehicle's relative velocity to the ground. The picture processed results are used as a correction to reinforce the dead reckoning.The vehicle's dynamic equation of motion is derived. The stability analysis for its feedback control is compared with the experimental results.

On the boundary of a finite set of points in the plane

In this paper a definition of the boundary of a finite set of points in the plane is given. It is based on the concept of the density of such a set of points. An algorithm is given for finding an approximation to such a boundary. They are well-known definitions of connectedness, boundary, hole, and cluster for a finite set of points in the plane (see, e.g., A. Rosenfeld, Amer. Math. Monthly 86 1979, 621–630; Inform. and Contr. 39 1978, 19–34) and algorithms for constructing these objects (see, e.g., A Rosenfeld and A. C. Kak, Digital Picture Processing, Academic Press, New York 1976). These definitions have been given for subsets of a grid of points. This paper attempts to define these objects for an arbitrary finite set of points.

The quantification of blood cell motion by a method of automatic digital picture processing

In order to facilitate the study of cell movement, the paper introduces a new automatic picture processing method for tracking and quantifying the dynamics of blood cell motion. The input to the program is a 16 mm cine film of the cell culture viewed in a steady condition. Under the circumstances, the global directional movement tendencies of the group of cells under consideration can be characterized by a Markov chain model. By observing and quantifying the cell paths, it is possible, using this model, to determine the probability that the cell population is moving in a particular direction. This information might be of interest in the study of the effect of substances on cell movement, defects in white blood cell migration, and the general interaction among cells.

Quantitative serum electrophoresis by digital picture processing (author's transl)

Quantitative serum electrophoresis by digital picture processing (author's transl)