Digital Multimedia Technology Research Articles

Video shot-boundary detection: issues, challenges and solutions

The integration of high data transmission rates and the recent digital multimedia technology, paves the way to access a huge amount of video over the internet, in seconds. Additionally, uploading videos to different websites is no more confined to expert software professionals resulting in duplication of video data which led to exorbitant growth of multimedia information in cyberspace in a short span of time. This necessitates the development of efficient data management techniques including storage, searching and annotation mechanism. Automatic shot boundary detection is considered to be the first and foremost step towards such management. It is a booming area of research gaining attention in the domain of image processing, computer vision and pattern recognition. In this review paper, we present a detailed description of the methods and algorithms of shot boundary detection, reported in the last two decades. This review shows that using multiple features performs well in comparison to using only a single feature in the shot boundary detection problem although it leads to higher complexity. The major sources of disturbance in the boundary detection are the sudden illumination variation and presence of high motion in the video. An adaptive threshold outperforms a single global threshold in the boundary detection problem and the threshold requirement can be avoided through learning based strategies at the cost of larger training data and higher computation time. Moreover the present review includes a critical analysis of relative merits and demerits of existing algorithms and finally opens promising research directions in the area.

Emotion-Driven Soundtrack Selector using AI

Abstract: The work portrayed the advancement of emotion-based Music Player, which is a web application implied for a wide range of clients, explicitly the music sweethearts. With the convenience of music players and other streaming apps, people can listen to music anytime, anywhere, and engage in various activities such as traveling, sports, or daily routines. The advancement of mobile networks and digital multimedia technologies has made digital music the most sought-after consumer content by young people. Moreover, listening to the appropriate music at the right time has the potential to enhance mental well-being. Human inclination assumes an indispensable part as of late. Emotion depends on human sentiments which can be both communicated or not. Emotion communicates the human's singular way of behaving which can be in various forms. The target of this project is to separate elements from the human face and recognize the emotion and play music as per the emotion identified. Be that as it may, many existing/strategies utilize past information to recommend music and different calculations utilized no Facial articulations are caught by a nearby catching gadget or an inbuilt web camera. Here we utilize a calculation for the acknowledgment of the component from the emotion we caught. Many music recommendation systems use content-based or collaborative-based recommendations. However, the choice of music for a user is not only based on his historical preference of the user. But also based on the mood of that user. This project proposes an emotion-based music recommendation that detects the emotion of a user from the webcam and plays the songs based on the user’s mood. In particular, the emotion of a user is classified and predicted the emotion and automatically redirects to the music page. This emotional information is stored in welldefined arrays. Thus, the model can predict the emotion and accuracy can be increased using these data.

Career Counselling Chatbot on Facebook Messenger using AI

Work instructions have always been necessary, but in recent times they have only gained the respect they deserve and now that they are in high demand and available worldwide, it is important to have a simple understanding of the various tasks that need to be done. Career counsellors are responsible for providing high school students with the experience and skills they need to make informed career decisions, education, and long-term goals. Music; It is a social event that unites people regardless of market, age, history, language, interests, political affiliation and income. Music and streaming apps are in demand because they are versatile and compatible with daily life, travel, sports and other activities. The rise of mobile phones and digital multimedia technology has made digital music a consumer favourite for many young people. Although career orientation has always been important, it has recently become widely recognized as a key element in today's career change research. High school students, in particular, need early and sustained exposure to many popular careers around the world. This information allows them to make decisions that patiently pursue their educational preferences. Music is a unifying force that transcends borders and barriers and plays a special role in this field. Music and streaming services are integrated into daily life, travel and entertainment, resulting in a universal love of music. The growth of mobile phones and digital technology has brought digital music even more to the forefront of youth content. However, many students do not have enough guidance to bridge the gap between their education, passions, and future career goals. This often leads to frustration and inability to take action. To meet this need, our web career counselling program, based on the ASP.NET Framework, provides students with career planning tools, skills development and opportunity guidance through a Google Dialog flow-powered counselling chatbot. By exploring music as a potential career path and leveraging its global appeal, we aim to inspire and guide students into a successful and rewarding career.

The Effect of Mobile-based Interactive Multimedia on Thinking Engagement and Cooperation

Recent studies show limited research in the Algerian context on the development of learning multimedia that effectively addresses 21st century skills such as critical thinking, communication, cooperation, and creativity. However, with the continuous growth of digital multimedia and information technologies, there is an urge for utilizing 21st century skills and interacting with others through interactive multimedia tools. This study aims to investigate the effect of mobile-based interactive multimedia on developing students of English as a foreign language thinking engagement, cooperation, in higher education. A convenient sampling method was used to select one sample of students (n= 60) who received a post-treatment test. Data were analyzed through performing descriptive statistics and one sample t-test. Findings assured that mobile-based interactive multimedia has persistently shaped the education setting, and it can afford the potential to positively promote students’ thinking engagement and cooperation. Keywords: integrative multimedia, thinking skills, EFL students, cooperation, Algeria

Presenting Archaeoacoustics Results Using Multimedia and VR Technologies

Abstract Music and sound cannot be experienced through writing and numbers. Writing freezes time onto paper; as a time-based medium, sound cannot be heard without temporal motion, and acoustic metrics are silent data. For a complete experience of sound, it needs to engage our bodies. Digital multimedia technologies offer powerful approaches to understanding the acoustics of the past, and this work will explore a number of those affordances. In particular, this work explores the use of apps that illustrate archaeoacoustic effects, set digitally within visual and acoustic archaeological cultures. The ways of immersing audiences through projection, acoustic simulation, field and studio recordings, and musical performance will be discussed. The use of virtual reality (VR) headsets is explored to create a sense of deep-flow and presence amongst audiences, total immersion in an experiential phenomenological understanding of interacting audio and visual fields, as well as setting such results within an appropriate context. This study will examine how acoustics results at caves in Northern Spain, in various phases of Stonehenge, and at Paphos Theatre (all World Heritage Sites) can be explored using VR and multimedia technologies, evaluating the comparative advantages of the use of different technologies. It proposes that such integration of visual and sonic modelling using interactive digital technologies is effective as a non-representational theory approach to compliment empirical studies, allowing understanding that goes beyond numerical analysis and binary dialectics to engage directly with the material of archaeological sites in an embodied manner, and address the real-world complexities of acoustic ecologies and their contexts.

The Application of Digital Multimedia Technology in the Innovative Mode of English Teaching in institutions of higher education

Abstract Innovative English teaching resources will inevitably result from the use of media technology in the classroom. This article will examine the new approach to teaching English in college from the standpoint of teaching resources. In order to establish a new mode of English teaching in higher education institutions based on personalized recommendation of teaching resources, this paper proposes two recommendation algorithms: one is content-based, and the other is collaborative filtering. The algorithm is enhanced by combining it with the design of multimedia English teaching resources. The influence of hit rate and MAE values prior to and following the cooperative filtering recommendation method is examined. The distinction between the pre-and post-test results of the experimental and control courses is analyzed and compared to conclude the examination of the impact of the novel model of teaching college English. The analysis indicates that the improved recommendation algorithm has a 4.85% higher hit rate than the traditional collaborative filtering algorithm. The improved recommendation algorithm is more accurate than the traditional recommendation algorithm, as suggested by this.

Analysis of Emotional Deconstruction and the Role of Emotional Value for Learners in Animation Works Based on Digital Multimedia Technology

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and digital media technology, modern animation technology has greatly improved the creative efficiency of creators through computer-generated graphics, electronic manual painting, and other means, and its number has also experienced explosive growth. The intelligent completion of emotional expression identification within animation works holds immense significance for both animation production learners and the creation of intelligent animation works. Consequently, emotion recognition has emerged as a focal point of research attention. This paper focuses on the analysis of emotional states in animation works. First, by analyzing the characteristics of emotional expression in animation, the model data foundation for using sound and video information is determined. Subsequently, we perform individual feature extraction for these two types of information using gated recurrent unit (GRU). Finally, we employ a multiattention mechanism to fuse the multimodal information derived from audio and video sources. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that the proposed method framework attains a recognition accuracy exceeding 90% for the three distinct emotional categories. Remarkably, the recognition rate for negative emotions reaches an impressive 94.7%, significantly surpassing the performance of single-modal approaches and other feature fusion methods. This research presents invaluable insights for the training of multimedia animation production professionals, empowering them to better grasp the nuances of emotion transfer within animation and, thereby, realize productions of elevated quality, which will greatly improve the market operational efficiency of animation industry.

ORGANIZATION OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN CHOREOGRAPHIC ART

The article is devoted to the issues of training future choreographic art specialists, in particular, the organization of project activities in institutions of higher education. The purpose of the article is to determine the peculiarities of organizing project activities in the professional training of future choreographic art specialists. The article reveals the essence of the concepts "project method", "project technologies", also defines the types of projects according to the dominant type of activity of students, as well as according to the duration of the projects. Based on the analysis of the scientific and pedagogical literature, the pedagogical conditions for the application of project activities in the training of future choreographic art specialists are summarized. The characteristic features of the project activity of choreographic art specialists are presented. The peculiarities of the organization of project activities in the professional training of future choreographic art specialists have been determined: the presence of an actual problem that requires a solution and is significant for the future activity of choreographic art specialists; the beneficiaries' awareness of the project's goals and expected result; clear definition of the planning of specific actions of the participant (participants); taking into account the main feature of project activity, which requires research work of future choreographic art specialists; wide use of modern digital services, multimedia, information and communication technologies to solve tasks; the final stage should include a real product and its presentation, regardless of the type of a project. The organization of project activities in the training of future choreographic art specialists in China includes the following stages: 1. Definition of a clear goal and tasks of the project. 2. Selection of the project team for the successful implementation of the project. 3. Project planning. After formulating the goal and selecting the project team, it is necessary to develop a detailed action plan taking into account the terms of work, project costs, distribution of responsibilities among team members, etc. 4. Implementation of the project. 5. Evaluation of project results. After the completion of the project, it is necessary to analyze the results and determine the level of achievement of the set goal and tasks.

Song Recommendation Based on Facial Expression

A user's facial expressions can reveal his or her level of emotion. These expressions can be obtained from the system's camera's live feed. In the area of computer vision (CV) and machine learning (ML), a lot of research is being done to train machines to recognize different human emotions or moods. Machine learning offers a variety of methods for detecting human emotions. A review of existing music systems revealed that many music applications rely on the user's past listening choices rather than recommending songs based on their current emotion. The goal of this project is to identify emotions in human faces using real-time data and to suggest songs according on those emotions. Music is a great unifier. It binds us despite our differences in ages, backgrounds, languages, interests and levels of income. Due to its accessibility and ability to be used alongside daily activities, travel, sports, and other activities, music players and other streaming apps are in high demand. Digital music has emerged as the main form of consumer content that many young people are looking for because to the quick growth of mobile networks and digital multimedia technology. Music is frequently used by people as a tool for mood control, specifically to improve mood, boost energy, or soothe tension. Additionally, listening to the correct music at the right moment can help with mental wellness. So, music and feelings in people are closely related. As a result, the proposed system is an interactive platform for suggesting music depending on user’s present emotional state. This also could be a great feature to be incorporated in existing music player applications.

Cover Design of Public Service Advertisement Based on Deep Image Rendering Technology

With the development of digital multimedia technology, public service advertisement covers are mostly released in the form of animation, mainly in the form of two-dimensional and three-dimensional animations, disseminating artistic energy through artistic expression, and unknowingly imparting laws, rules and morals to the public, promoting national traditional culture, and establish a good social image through public service advertisements. With the rapid development of image processing technology and the continuous upgrading of display devices, people have begun to pursue more three-dimensional and immersive digital display technologies. According to the Criminisi algorithm, it mainly repairs the edge defects in the source image, and then updates the pixel confidence of the repaired image to start the next repair until the repair is completed. In order to make the public service advertisement cover design meet the needs of the market, the advertisement cover is designed through image drawing technology, the collected advertisement video is passed through Criminisi digital image restoration technology and its classification, and the improved Criminisi algorithm is explained to repair the advertisement image, and then the mean shift Clustering (Mean Shift Clustering) algorithm iteratively counts the processed images. The processing of the public service advertisement cover through the depth image rendering technology greatly reduces the repair rate without affecting the repair quality, restores the damaged image more accurately, and can reduce the video point rate. It can be increased to 0.87, saving 29% of the bit rate.

Cyber Muslims

This new book is a study of Islam in the digital world, containing a collection of scientific articles written by 16 scholars about the increasingly interesting and complex phenomena of the global Islamic world. Most of the authors teach at various universities in the United States and Canada (North America), and the editor of this volume is Robert Rosehnal, Professor in the Department of Religion Studies and Founding Director of the Center for Global Islamic Studies at Lehigh University, Pennsylvania, USA.
 
 This interdisciplinary volume highlights cutting-edge research with unique perspectives and new insights into the evolving Islamic cyber landscape, presenting case studies from multiple geographic and cultural locations, and multiple languages ​​(Arabic, Persian, Indonesian and Spanish). The main sources of the authors, the analysis and interpretation they use is digital multimedia technology. These “virtual texts” include websites, podcasts, blogs, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, online magazines and discussion forums, and religious apps. Websites and social media platforms are living “texts” that are constantly evolving, shrinking, changing, and even disappearing, leaving no trace. In this sense, this book needs to be seen as a portrait—or, rather, a screenshot—of the complex and deformed cyber world of Islam at some point in its ongoing evolution. This book explores widely the digital expression of various Muslim communities in cyberspace, or iMuslims, related to the world of imams, clerics, and Sufis, feminists and fashionistas, artists and activists, spiritualists and online influencers. Several articles map the diversity and vibrancy of Islamic digital media against the backdrop of broader social trends in particular hot issues affecting Muslims living in Western countries: racism and Islamophobia, gender dynamics, celebrity culture, identity politics, and fashions of piety, and changing religious practices. The case studies presented in this book cover a wide cultural and geographical area, namely Indonesia, Iran, the Arab Middle East, and North America.

Improved Watermark Criteria Through Mark image

With many applications using digital multimedia technologies, the need to protect digital multimedia data from hackers is emphasized. Copyright holders are concerned about protecting any kind of unlawful duplication of their information. With all these kinds of problems, technology development is very important. Digital watermarks are an important requirement to protect multimedia data. There are important criteria to measure the success of a watermarking process, it is confidentiality, capacity and reliability. In this paper, the logo mark was relied upon to achieve these criteria to a high degree by taking advantage of the symmetry characteristic of the logo image, Which is often used this type of logo images. Symmetry reduces the size of the embedded data, reduces the location of the embedded within the image, and increases confidentiality by encrypting less data in various ways.

Artificial Intelligence Interactive Design System Based on Digital Multimedia Technology

The current extraction speed of artificial intelligence interactive elements is low, with the low effect, resulting in the poor effect of artificial intelligence interaction. Therefore, a new artificial intelligence interaction method has been developed for digital multimedia technology, performing analysis based on the current background of artificial intelligence, providing a good environment foundation for the interactive place, so that it can integrate artificial intelligence technology after interaction. Aiming at the current problems of digital multimedia technology in the use of artificial intelligence interaction design, innovative exploration of artificial intelligence technology will be carried out based on multimedia technology and innovative thinking. Based on the in-depth analysis of digital multimedia technology, the relationship between artificial intelligence technology and digital multimedia technology is analyzed, and an artificial intelligence interactive design system based on digital multimedia technology is proposed. Finally, the digital multimedia technology is verified on the artificial intelligence interactive design through case analysis.

Exploiting multimedia technologies in education, research, and university-community projects

The pandemic has led to the acceleration of the digital transformation of all university activity. Some users/university staff were better prepared for this, but others need support and training in the development of digital skills. Increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of digitized activities (administrative, educational, research, university marketing, communication, and community involvement, with business or industrial partners) require increasing concerns for the university's human resources to have the necessary knowledge of operation. Moreover, our students are from generation Z, Millennials and can be stimulated in learning, interaction, and communication with the help of digital means, multimedia technologies and social media. We are witnessing a radical change in the way communication takes place in universities and within its extended community, with its various stakeholders. In this dynamic context we have built and present the way to extend the digital/multimedia competencies of university staff (administrative, teaching, research staff, etc.) with the support of an international community associated with the Erasmus+ project: “Multimedia Competencies for University Staff to Empower University - Community Collaborations” (2020-1-RO01- KA203-080399).

Numerical Modeling of A New Virtual Trajectory Password Architecture

With the development of digital technology, Computer technology, communication technology and multimedia technology gradually infiltrate into each other and become the main core of information technology. In information technology, digital, text, graphics, images, sound, video, animation and other information carriers are spread through computers and the Internet. Due to the openness, sharing, dynamic and other characteristics of the Internet, information security is threatened and interfered. Information security has become a strategic issue that people must pay attention to, which is related to social stability, economic development and national security. This paper studies a new kind of virtual track cryptography, which breaks through the traditional character memory method and transforms it into memory graphics by using mathematical modeling, and changes the surface memory method from memorizing numbers and characters to memorizing trajectory graphics, so as to make the traditional process of people memorizing passwords easier.

Possibilities of Applying Multimedia Technologies in Inclusive Education

Rapidly changing social, economic and cultural environment, the development of digital technologies, the global pandemic that broke out in 2020 and demographic challenges increase society’s need for constant change and improvement. Against the background of these challenges, the need to provide every member of society with equal opportunities for development is emphasized. This is an essential principle of inclusive education. Global and national documents emphasizing the need for inclusive education call for strengthening the ability of education to connect with all learners with behavioral, psychological, physiological or special abilities, regardless of nationality, social status, emphasis on respect for, access to and care for educational diversity, its change and growth. Inclusive education is best defined by the principles of the Good School Characteristics. Therefore, in this work, inclusive education is understood as an educational process characterized by the principles of the Good School Concept.
 As in all areas of our lives, the successful implementation of the educational process is undoubtedly influenced by digital multimedia technologies. There are often questions about the coherence between the technologies chosen and the process. Therefore, the possibilities of applying of multimedia technologies with inclusive education were chosen as the object of the article. The aim of the research is to evaluate the research areas of researchers analyzing the possibilities of multimedia technologies on the basis of the analysis of scientific literature, which are in line with the essential principles of inclusive education. The study concludes that the quality and values of educators’ competencies become particularly important in inclusive settings, but that there is a lack of formal research that has a direct impact on students’ achievements, social and emotional well-being and personal development. Multimedia technologies can be a great tool to achieve the goals of inclusive education; the attention of researchers working with technologies related to multimedia (sound, image, computer graphics, interactivity of the mentioned media) to pedagogical goals is particularly poor.

Discrete transformation technique for video compression

A large composition of image, sound, motion, video and other signal sequences is always a rich source of useful and reliable information. With the proliferating cost and complexities of mass storage media, the need for redundancy and complex transmission-free signals is on the rise. Furthermore, the growing increase in the number of video-specific applications has heightened the need for digital multimedia technologies that emphasized bit compression. This paper presents a Discrete Transform Technique (DTT) that leveraged the integration of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) for higher scale video compression. The experimental study of the new technique was based on some online videos with varying sizes, sources and formats. The analysis of the experimental values obtained for standard performance metrics such as maximum difference, mean square error and peak signal to noise ratio for the pre- and post-compression videos portrayed a very significant and encouraging impact of the new technique. Comparative analysis based on compression ratios derived using the new technique and some recent video compression techniques also established a very impressive performance of the new technique.

Rise of the machines? The evolving role of AI technologies in high-stakes assessment

Our world has been transformed by technologies incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) within mass communication, employment, entertainment and many other aspects of our daily lives. However, within the domain of education, it seems that our ways of working and, particularly, assessing have hardly changed at all. We continue to prize examinations and summative testing as the most reliable way to assess educational achievements, and we continue to rely on paper-based test delivery as our modus operandi. Inertia, tradition and aversion to perceived risk have resulted in a lack of innovation (James, 2006), particularly so in the area of high-stakes assessment. The summer of 2020 brought this deficit into very sharp focus with the A-level debacle in England, where grades were awarded, challenged, rescinded and reset. These events are potentially catastrophic in terms of how we trust national examinations, and the problems arise from using just one way to define academic success and one way to operationalize that approach to assessment. While sophisticated digital learning platforms, multimedia technologies and wireless communication are transforming what, when and how learning can take place, transformation in national and international assessment thinking and practice trails behind. In this article, we present some of the current research and advances in AI and how these can be applied to the context of high-stakes assessment. Our discussion focuses not on the question of whether we should be using technologies, but on how we can use them effectively to better support practice. An example from one testing agency in England using a globally popular test of English that assesses oral, aural, reading and written skills is described to explain and propose just how well new technologies can augment assessment theory and practice.

How to construct corporate identity and reputation. Is the ‘about us’ page a micro-genre?

Multimodal resources and digital multimedia technologies have been modifying and remodelling social practices in any field over the last decades. In business communication, histories of business, corporate vision and mission are today instantiated by the ‘About Us’ webpage, a sort of multimodal self-portrait or short autobiography created by the company itself. From a discursive perspective, this webpage typology has always been disregarded if compared with the crucial role played by the homepage that, according to the Usability guidelines, is to present the company, its business and market value. Only recently, web marketers have focused on the strategic function the undervalued ‘About Us’ page fulfils. It has revealed itself to be a goal-oriented sales page which focuses on highlighting the most relevant credentials of a company, its brand, and on making a strong impression on potential customers. Its aim is to remodel practices of Self presentation into practices of Self branding and this process takes place thanks to the co-deployment of different semiotic resources which, in turn, make use of different digital media technologies. This contribution will show how the specialized discourses of marketing and branding are translated, or rather transducted, into multimodal artefacts, the corporate ‘About Us’ pages, and how persuasive discursive strategies are embedded in a well-defined digital text pattern. Through the analysis of a small sample of corporate ‘About Us’ pages, we will demonstrate that these pages are the loci where business reputation and corporate identity can be constructed more effectively.

Application of Empirical Wavelet Transform in Digital Image Watermarking

Nowadays, rapid growth of the Internet and digital multimedia technologies make it possible to duplicate data without any loss of quality and at a very low cost. In this regard, manipulation of documents will easily be accomplished by applying digital art and without the copyright owner's permission. To deal with situation, more diverse security requirements are introduced every day. Watermarking is considered as one of the methods used for achieving this purpose. Watermarking is focused on inserting a subtle signal between the host media data somehow it does not change the original data, but they can be extracted if necessary. They are also used as a claim for ownership of the digital effect. Various methods have been presented for watermarking so far. These methods have been developed to overcome the weaknesses of previous methods. Empirical wavelet transform is taken into account as a new method for hiding and extracting military digital images with respect to alpha composition. As such, it is resistant to noise, low pass filter and compression. Analytical studies showed that this method is more efficient than other methods from quantitative and qualitative point of view.