Digital Literacy Programs Research Articles

Information seeking behaviour of informal caregivers at the premier tertiary teaching hospital in Nigeria

This study was conducted to examine the information behaviour of informal caregivers in a university college hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. Informal caregivers in the teaching hospitals constitute critical pubic health care players whose information behaviours have not been studied. Data was collected from 208 caregivers using a questionnaire that consisted of structured and open-ended questions. The study found that healthcare providers were the primary source of health for caregivers, with 34.1% actively seeking information from them. The caregivers seldom utilised sources like the internet, community organizations, books, family, and friends. The preference for healthcare providers as sources is due to their accessibility and ability to provide prompt and accurate answers. Caregivers have diverse information needs, including medication-related information, first aid techniques, nutrition, exercise, mental health, and lifestyle choices. They seek this knowledge to make informed decisions that improve their loved ones’ well-being. The study also revealed that caregivers heavily rely on information technology for health information due to its accessibility and reliability. The study highlights the need for ongoing training and proactive information sharing by healthcare providers to better support informal caregivers in Nigeria, emphasizing the importance of integrated support systems within healthcare facilities. To meet diverse information needs, healthcare institutions should diversify dissemination strategies, including culturally sensitive materials and digital literacy programs, while developing tailored mobile applications and online support communities for caregivers. Policymakers must focus on creating supportive healthcare policies, funding caregiver programs, and expanding insurance coverage to alleviate financial burdens, ensuring that caregivers have access to necessary resources and information.

Teachers Challenges and Strategies in Facing the Digitalization Era in Islamic Education in Madrasahs in West Java Region

This study explores the challenges and strategies of teachers in madrasahs in the West Java region as they face the digitalization era in Islamic education. Utilizing a qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 teachers to gain in-depth insights into their experiences. Thematic analysis, conducted using NVivo software, revealed key challenges such as limited digital literacy, inadequate technological resources, and resistance to change due to traditional pedagogical values. To address these challenges, teachers employed strategies like peer collaboration, informal learning networks, and professional development initiatives. The findings emphasize the need for targeted digital literacy programs, improved technological infrastructure, and cultural shifts in educational practices to support the integration of digital tools in Islamic education. These insights can inform future policies and programs aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of Islamic education in the digital age.

Indonesia's Digital Literacy as a Challenge for Democracy in the Digital Age

In the era of digitalization, digital literacy plays a vital role in shaping active participation and the quality of democracy. There are still challenges in the level of digital literacy in Indonesia, which impacts blind trust in emerging issues. As a result, people are vulnerable to the spread of fake news, online fraud, harmful content, and privacy violations. This research uses a desk research method with a qualitative approach, collecting secondary data from journal articles, books, and related reports. Analyses were conducted using content analysis techniques to identify patterns and relationships between digital literacy and democracy. The results show that although Indonesia's digital literacy index has improved, digital crime and hoaxes are rising, indicating a gap between technological skills and digital ethics. The findings emphasize the need for a more comprehensive approach to digital literacy programs, including integrating digital literacy education into the formal curriculum and improved technological infrastructure, particularly in underdeveloped areas. The implications of this study suggest that improving digital literacy is essential for safe access to information and an important step toward strengthening more critical and responsible democratic participation in Indonesia.

The role of cybersecurity in women’s involvement in online sexual violence and its response strategies

With the rapid development of information technology, cyberspace has become an indispensable part of people’s daily lives. However, cyberspace is not a pure land, especially with the increasingly prominent issue of online sexual violence against women. This article explores the role of cybersecurity in women’s involvement in online sexual violence and its response strategies. The article first analyzes how cyberspace has become an important platform for people’s lives and work in the background of the popularization of the Internet and social media. Still, it also brings about network security problems, especially the increasingly serious phenomenon of online sexual violence against women. These behaviors seriously violate women’s privacy and reputation rights and cause significant harm to their mental health. The article demonstrates the widespread and severe nature of online sexual violence through specific cases and statistical data. At the same time, the article also analyzed the causes of online sexual violence, including insufficient regulation of social media platforms, information overload of personalized algorithm recommendations, and the impact of user emotional intelligence on online behavior. Regarding response strategies, the article proposes various suggestions, such as improving network security regulations and protection systems, enhancing public awareness and education, and promoting social cooperation. In particular, it emphasizes the importance of formulating and improving laws and regulations against online sexual violence, strengthening cross-departmental collaboration, enhancing digital literacy programs, and promoting gender equality through school education and media publicity to raise awareness and respect for women’s rights.

Youth voices: A participatory approach to promoting mental health literacy through digital means

Abstract A concerning number of young people worldwide experience mental health challenges, often compounded by limited mental health literacy, such as a lack of knowledge about how to recognize mental disorders and strategies for seeking help (Cairns & Rossetto, 2019). Therefore, it is crucial to promote mental health literacy among youth. Due to the scarcity and often high cost of readily available mental health services, as well as concerns about anonymity, digital programs have become an alternative means of reaching youth. To this end, a digital prevention program was developed. The pivotal question now is how to effectively promote young people’s mental health literacy through digital means, more specifically: How to develop (1) evidence-based and (2) target group-specific content? To investigate these questions, two systematic reviews were conducted that analyzed a total of 65 digital evidence-based mental health programs. Since the active use of programs also depends on how suitable and appealing the content is for the target group, a participatory approach was chosen to actively involve the target group in the process of developing the program’s design and content. Therefore, four participatory workshops were conducted in Slovenia, Poland, and Austria, with 12-15-year-old students (N = 182). Selected results from the systematic reviews and cross-national results from the workshops will be presented. It was found that psychoeducation is an important and effective method for promoting mental health literacy among youth and that young people prefer this content to be delivered as briefly and concisely as possible, and in a multimodal format. The discussion will highlight key takeaways regarding the benefits and challenges of this approach, emphasizing the necessity of including student voices in the creation of psychoeducational content for a digital mental health program in order to highlight and recognize young people’s right to participate. Key messages • The value of youth participation - Involving young people in the development of content for a digital mental health literacy program is a means to increase its relevance and appeal to them. • The intricacies of youth participation - Involving young people in the development of a digital mental health literacy program presents challenges that require careful consideration.

Assessing cyberchondria and eHealth literacy differences in urban and rural China

Abstract Background and Objectives This study aimed to explore the association between cyberchondria and eHealth literacy in the general Chinese population, and to assess how this relationship changes between urban and rural residents. Methods Data obtained from a web-based, cross-sectional survey that evaluate cyberchondria and its impact on health in February 2024. The Cyberchondria Severity Scale - 12 item was used to measure the cyberchondria, while the eHealth Literacy Scale was used to evaluate eHealth literacy. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the background characteristics of the participants. Then, a multivariable linear regression model was then performed for urban and rural subsample to examine the relationship between cyberchondria and eHealth literacy, respectively, providing a comparative analysis between the urban and rural populations. Results A total of 634 individuals completed the questionnaire. The average age was 33.2 years (SD = 7.4), with approximately 50.3% (n = 319) being female. Urban residents made up 71.4% (n = 451) of the participants. The mean eHEALS scores for urban and rural residents were 31.9 (SD = 4.3) and 30.4 (SD = 4.2), respectively. The CSS-12 scores for urban residents were 40.3 (SD = 7.58) and for rural residents were 39.1 (SD = 7.2). Linear regression analyses showed a significant association between eHealth literacy and cyberchondria for urban residents (Beta = 0.30, p < 0.001), but age and education level had no significant impact. For rural residents, a statistically significant association between eHealth literacy and cyberchondria was also observed (Beta = 0.40, p = 0.002). Conclusions Overall, eHealth literacy consistently predicts cyberchondria severity in both urban and rural samples. Higher eHealth literacy is linked to greater cyberchondria, especially in rural areas. Future research should explore other potential mediators, including psychological factors, internet usage patterns, and access to healthcare services. Key messages • eHealth literacy strongly predicts cyberchondria severity in both urban and rural populations, with a notably stronger impact observed in rural settings. • Urban and rural differences highlight the need for customized digital health literacy programs to effectively address region-specific challenges and behaviors.

The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health of Young Adults: A Literature Review

This concept paper explores the complex relationship between social media usage and the mental health of young adults. The paper introduces the notion of social media and its significance in the lives of young adult, emphasizing the importance of studying its effects on their mental health and psychological well-being. Social media platforms have become an integral part of daily activities in the lives of young people. It has also become an invasive element in the lives of youth, shaping their social interactions, self-perception, and access to lots of information. Even though these platforms offer opportunities for social connection, creative expression, and educational engagement, they also present significant mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem, which are often driven by social comparison, cyberbullying, and the pressure to maintain an idealized online image. The paper investigates key areas of concern, including the rise of anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem linked to social comparison, cyberbullying, and the relentless pursuit of online validation. It also examines the addictive nature of social media, its impact on sleep, and the destruction of face-to-face social skills. By analysing existing literature and identifying research gaps, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the two-edged nature of social media's influence on mental health. It advocates for the development of digital literacy programs, mental health support systems, and balanced usage strategies to help young people navigate the challenges posed by social media while maximizing its potential benefits.

The Impact of Student Attitude on Information, Communication, Creation Skills and Student Engagement

The Malaysian education system is guided by the Malaysia Education Blueprint, which drives the overall quality and effectiveness of education in the country. This study provides insights and assists in forming informed guidelines for the Ministry of Education regarding the impact of skill factors. The relationship between the direct effects of these three primary skills and attitudes is supported by Self-Efficacy Theory (SET). The indirect relationship, where attitude mediates the effects of these skills on student engagement, is supported by Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). A questionnaire was distributed to local university students currently in their fourth semester and analyzed using the Structural Equation Model using Partial Least Square (PLS). The structural model results direct relationship between attitude and student engagement and between information skills and attitude. In addition, the mediation analysis shows that the relationship between information skills and student engagement, mediated by student attitude, was significant. Based on these results, it is recommended that the Ministry of Education focus on providing supportive resources, such as learning environments and training for educators, in the upcoming Malaysia Education Blueprint for 2026 to 2036. Additionally, offering Digital Literacy Programs to equip students with information skills can positively influence student attitudes and thereby increase the level of student engagement, which is crucial for improving the academic performance and achievement of Malaysia’s educational system. Future research should include a cross-cultural comparison to reconsider educational theories for Asian countries, as many theories are currently based on Western educational settings and contexts.

Sharenting Ethics in Indonesian Family Communication Through Cultural Values of Digital Parenting

This research examines the phenomenon of sharenting (sharing-parenting) in the Indonesian cultural context, focusing on how traditional values influence digital parenting practices. This research uses a comprehensive literature study methodology to analyse the intersection between local wisdom and digital communication ethics in care. This study reveals that Indonesian parents practice sharenting through three main cultural pillars: harmony, unggah ungguh, and tepo seliro. These values significantly shape how information about children is shared on social media, creating patterns that differ from Western individualistic approaches. The findings show that parenting practices in Indonesia's digital era are firmly rooted in collective cultural values, where sharing information about children is not simply seen as personal documentation but as part of communal responsibility. This research identifies unique challenges in balancing traditional values with digital privacy concerns, especially in how Indonesian parents interpret and implement privacy boundaries within their collective cultural framework. This study contributes to developing a culturally sensitive ethical framework for digital parenting in Indonesia, emphasizing a balance between traditional values and modern digital practices. Findings suggest practical sharing guidelines in Indonesia must integrate collective cultural values while addressing contemporary digital privacy concerns. Furthermore, this research proposes practical recommendations for implementing culturally appropriate digital literacy programs and developing policies that protect children's interests while respecting traditional family values.

Social Media and Digital Inequity: Reducing Health Inequities by Closing the Digital Divide

As its usage has grown, social media has positively and negatively impacted public health. Although social media presents known harms to mental health and spreads misinformation, it also offers rapid dissemination of public health information, expanded access to health resources, and a robust source of health information. However, these benefits are not equitably shared due in part to the “digital divide” of unequal access and use of information and communication technologies. Measurable inequalities in digital access exist among regions, with an eight-fold difference between Central Africa (9.8% social media penetration) and Northern Europe (80.2% social media penetration). Digital inequalities also differ by gender, age, and socioeconomic classes within countries. Increased digital access has been positively associated with improved health information and outcomes related to chronic diseases, infectious disease outbreaks, and reproductive health. Given the expanding role of social media in public health and the emerging evidence on the health benefits of digital access, we argue for reducing digital inequities by (1) creating an enabling government policy and regulatory environment that views digital health access as a social determinant of health; (2) targeting public and private investments to expand digital access for underserved regions and populations; (3) making digital access and use affordable to low-resource populations; and (4) improving digital competency among these groups through digital literacy programs.

Peningkatan Minat Literasi Melalui Kegiatan Literasi Numerasi dan Literasi Digital

The Community Service Program with the theme "Literacy Village" is part of an effort to overcome this challenge. Through Kukerta MBKM (Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka), students are expected to be able to contribute directly to the development of literacy culture in villages in need. This activity aims to improve the reading, writing, and critical thinking skills of village communities, especially students. Jake Village, located in Kuantan Tengah District, Kuantan Singingi Regency, in the context of developing the Literacy Village program. With the increasing demands of the digital era, it is important for village communities to master numeracy literacy and digital literacy as a basis for facing challenges and taking advantage of existing opportunities. Jake Village, which is faced with educational challenges, where the literacy level of the population still needs to be improved. Therefore, the numeracy literacy and digital literacy programs are expected to provide access to the community to understand and apply basic technological concepts that are essential in everyday life. The method applied to increase interest in literacy is by providing an understanding of reading, numeracy, and digital literacy. The results achieved are that the school is able to make this literacy program a weekly routine that makes this program sustainable. It can be concluded that literacy interest can be built in various ways, one of which is providing an understanding to the community and students about the importance of reading, numeracy, and digital literacy.

PERCEPTIONS OF SMK PEREMPUAN LIKAS STUDENTS ON THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON LANGUAGE LEARNING

The study investigates the perceptions of SMK Perempuan Likas students on the impact of social media on their language learning and the challenges they encounter when using social media as a tool for language learning. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, where 100 Form 4 students were involved in completing the questionnaires and a total of 5 students participating in focus group discussion. The quantitative data were analysed using SPSS to provide descriptive statistics, while the qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. Quantitative results indicated majority of students (56%) have a positive perception of the impact of social media on their English language skills, with another 42% acknowledging some beneficial effects, and only 1% reporting a negative impact. Students reported the most enhanced skills through social media as speaking (25%) and reading (20%), followed by pronunciation and communication (15% each), listening and spelling (9% each), and writing (7%). Qualitative findings reveal several challenges, including difficulties understanding abbreviations, pronunciation, and complex phrases. Participants also highlighted negative aspects of social media such as distractions, exposure to inappropriate content, and the potential for bullying.The findings suggest that educators should develop strategies to leverage social media’s benefits and mitigate its challenges. Policymakers are encouraged to implement digital literacy programs to help students navigate social media effectively. This balanced approach aims to maximise the positive impacts of social media on language learning while minimising its challenges. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on digital learning tools and provides practical recommendations for educators and policymakers.

Causes and Coping Strategies for Technology Anxiety Among the Elderly in the Digital Age

In the digital age, technology anxiety among the elderly has emerged as a significant challenge, affecting their ability to participate fully in modern society and posing serious threats to their mental health. This paper explores the root causes of technology anxiety among older adults, including the generational technological divide, cognitive decline, physical limitations, fears of cybersecurity threats, and lack of tailored training and support. The impact of this anxiety is profound, leading to increased social isolation, reduced access to health information and services, heightened stress, and diminished self-esteem. To address these issues, the paper proposes several coping strategies and interventions, such as inclusive digital literacy programs, intergenerational mentorship, the design of age-friendly technologies, and the promotion of positive attitudes toward technology use. These strategies aim to empower older adults to navigate the digital landscape more comfortably, turning potential barriers into opportunities for growth, social engagement, and improved mental health. The findings highlight the need for a collaborative approach among policymakers, technology developers, and communities to create a more inclusive digital environment that supports the elderly in overcoming technology anxiety and thriving in the digital era.

Theoretical perspectives on digital literacy programs: A comparative study of initiatives in Africa and the United States

This review paper analyses digital literacy programs in Africa and the United States, highlighting the theoretical underpinnings and practical implementations across diverse socio-economic, cultural, and technological contexts. Examining key theoretical frameworks—Technological Literacy, Media Literacy, and Information Literacy—explores how these theories inform the design, execution, and evaluation of digital literacy initiatives. The analysis reveals both region-specific challenges and universal opportunities for enhancing digital literacy, emphasizing the need for contextually adapted, inclusive, and sustainable programs. Insights into policy implications and practical recommendations for practitioners are discussed alongside future research directions to deepen understanding and improve the effectiveness of digital literacy programs globally. This paper underscores the pivotal role of digital literacy in empowering individuals and fostering societal development in the digital age.

Exploring Digital Proficiency Among Mothers of School-going Children in Kerala

Early exposure to social and digital media in this digital age greatly influences children’s lives, leading to an increasing number of parents and educators becoming concerned about the potential negative effects of excessive screen time. By investigating mothers’ digital competencies as informal educators, this study fills a significant research gap. The paper emphasises women as mentors, highlighting their responsibility to supervise and guide their children’s use of digital devices in an era of pervasive connectedness. Using a modified version of the DigCompEdu framework, the study focuses on two essential elements: empowering children; and fostering their understanding of digital competence areas. A thousand homemakers from two wards of the Kochi Corporation area in the Ernakulam district, Kerala, India are included in the study. Discriminant analysis is used to identify four important skill areas that demonstrate significant group differences – between Novice, Basic, Independent, and Proficient user groups. Results imply that tailoring digital literacy programs to mothers’ varying proficiency levels can enhance their ability to navigate digital parenting effectively. Additionally, integrating sociodemographic factors into interventions can ensure relevance and efficacy in addressing digital competence disparities among mothers.

E-Pharmacy in Rural Pakistan: Evaluating Platforms' Reach, Opportunities, and Challenges

Background: E-pharmacy platforms in Pakistan have largely focused on urban centers, leaving rural areas underserved due to limited digital literacy, infrastructure, and awareness. Despite potential benefits, little research has examined their reach and challenges in rural Pakistan.Objective: To evaluate the reach, opportunities, and barriers to e-pharmacy platforms in rural Pakistan, and to identify strategies for improving their adoption.Methods: A mixed-method approach was used, involving secondary data analysis to identify existing e-pharmacy platforms, and primary data collection through Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with 35 pharmacists, healthcare professionals, and researchers. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo software to identify key themes and barriers.Results: Seven major e-pharmacy platforms were identified. These platforms primarily serve urban areas with limited reach in rural regions. Key opportunities include convenience, cost-effectiveness, and telemedicine integration. Major barriers include poor internet connectivity, low digital literacy, mistrust, and logistical challenges.Conclusion: E-pharmacies can bridge healthcare gaps in rural Pakistan but require improved internet infrastructure, regulatory oversight, digital literacy programs, and targeted outreach to build trust and expand reach.

An Action Research Evaluating Artificial Intelligence (AI) Consumption among Learners of San Vicente National High School as Online Scaffold to Academic Endeavor: Experiences and Practices

Despite the overwhelming use of the internet as an educational or informational resource, research has found that learners are woefully in need of guidance on how to use this resource effectively and subsequently identify reliable sources of information from unreliable. This study aims to determine the practices of students at San Vicente National High School in evaluating the reliability of online sources. This study employed the quantitative research design and utilized a questionnaire developed by the researchers of this study as a tool for gathering the data. The respondents of the study are 81 out of 324 digitally literate high school students enrolled at San Vicente National High School, San Vicente, Loreto, Agusan del Sur, of the academic year 2023-2024. The researchers used a stratified random sampling technique to obtain the sample size of the respondents. The findings revealed that the strategies employed by the students in evaluating the reliability of online sources are fairly practiced. It was recommended that students of San Vicente National High School be trained to critically evaluate the reliability of online sources by focusing on key factors such as consistency, authority, currency, objectivity, references, and language. Teachers should support this by providing curated lists of trustworthy sources and teaching simple practices for cross-checking information. Parental involvement is also essential in helping students develop better assessment skills, while school administrators are encouraged to organize digital literacy programs in collaboration with policymakers. Additionally, peer reviews should be encouraged to foster collaborative learning, and AI integration into the curriculum is suggested to prepare students for a future driven by Artificial Intelligence.

LIVED EXPERIENCES OF TECHNICAL, VOCATIONAL, LIVELIHOOD TRACK (TVL) SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN WRITING TECHNICAL PAPERS IN THEIR CHOSEN TRACK: A QUALITATIVE INQUIRY

The purpose of This qualitative inquiry is to explore and understand the lived experiences of technical, vocational, and livelihood (TVL) senior high school students in writing technical papers in their chosen track within the Davao del Norte Division. This study aims to generate findings that will guide teachers in designing appropriate interventions to help students develop the necessary skills for writing technical papers in their chosen track. The participants are 14 TVL students from three different senior high schools in the Davao del Norte Division, selected through purposive sampling. Through in-depth interviews and focused group discussions the study identifies key challenges such as difficulties with grammar, problem in conceptualization, and meeting deadlines, as well as coping mechanisms like utilizing prior knowledge, resourcefulness, and seeking support. The results underscore the significance of considering online tools, English proficiency and awareness about prospective impacts of learning technical writing. The results of the study highlighted that innovative teaching strategies are required to help TVL students, such as digital literacy programs and mentoring procedures for further faculty enhancement on skills in reading technical writing. The implications call for a better understanding of TVL students' struggles, promoting an educational environment that values digital proficiency and effective communication. Future research should quantitatively examine these challenges' impacts and the role of AI tools in writing, aiming to develop targeted interventions for improved technical writing skills. KEYWORDS: TVL students, technical papers, qualitative study, lived experiences, writing challenges, teacher interventions. Davao del Norte

Bridging the Digital Disability Divide: Determinants of Internet Use among Visually Impaired Individuals in Thailand

This study investigates the sociodemographic and contextual determinants influencing Internet usage among individuals with visual impairments in Thailand, contributing to the literature on the digital disability divide. Data from the “Disability Survey 2022” conducted by the National Statistical Office of Thailand were used. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analysis were performed on data from 5621 visually impaired respondents. The findings indicate that approximately 26.88% of individuals with visual impairments use the Internet. The logistic regression analysis highlights several critical disparities. Males exhibit lower odds of Internet use compared with females (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.850, p = 0.034). Younger individuals are more likely to use the Internet; a decline in use was observed with increasing age (AOR for 60+ years = 0.052, p < 0.001). Regional disparities are evident. Individuals from the northeastern (AOR = 2.044, p < 0.001), central (AOR = 1.356, p < 0.008), and southern (AOR = 1.992, p < 0.001) regions showed higher odds of Internet use compared with those from the northern region. Higher income (AOR for 5000–9999 THB = 1.798, p = 0.001), educational attainment (AOR for bachelor’s degree = 14.915, p < 0.001), and wealth index (AOR for wealthy = 5.034, p < 0.001) increase the likelihood of Internet use. Employed individuals are more likely to use the Internet (AOR = 3.159, p < 0.001) compared with unemployed individuals. Additionally, the severity of the visual impairment is crucial, with those having low vision in both eyes more likely to engage online than those who are completely blind in both eyes (AOR = 5.935, p < 0.001). These findings highlight the need for comprehensive digital inclusion initiatives that address various factors, including age-inclusive digital literacy programs, targeted regional infrastructure development, economic support to improve digital access, and advancements in assistive technologies. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers in Thailand and other developing countries, enhancing the understanding of the digital disability divide and informing strategies to foster greater digital equity.

Transmitting stories of the longest revolution. Notes from Italy

ABSTRACT Building on a digitally mediated autoethnography within a contemporary Italian feminist movement, the paper analyses the transformations of feminist media practices in Italy since the start of the 20th century. If during the 1960s and 1970s Italian feminism reached its higher visibility as one of the largest in Europe, since the 1980s, it continued to operate in submerged ways through the creation of feminist bookshops, publishing companies, women’s archives and centres while engaging with practices, ideologies and texts that were circulating transnationally. Since the early 1990s Italian feminist groups started engaging with digital technologies, creating new virtual spaces of dialogue, an autonomous internet service provider, an alternative search engine, digital literacy programmes and practical laboratories. Over the past two decades, the online space became the privileged sphere for activists to challenge the hegemonic gender discourse, debate topics otherwise suppressed or misrepresented by traditional media and create a record of struggle. Expanding from a conceptualization of feminist activism as a process of transit, in this paper, I analyse how feminist media practices gradually transformed, shaped by historical and contextual specificities.