Digital Intellectual Property Research Articles

A Blockchain-Based Privacy Preserving Intellectual Property Authentication Method

With the continuous advancement of information technology, a growing number of works, including articles, paintings, and music, are being digitized. Digital content can be swiftly shared and disseminated via the Internet. However, it is also vulnerable to malicious plagiarism, which can seriously infringe upon the rights of creators and dampen their enthusiasm. To protect creators’ rights and interests, a sophisticated method is necessary to authenticate digital intellectual property rights. Traditional authentication methods rely on centralized, trustworthy organizations that are susceptible to single points of failure. Additionally, these methods are prone to network attacks that can lead to data loss, tampering, or leakage. Moreover, the circulation of copyright information often lacks transparency and traceability in traditional systems, which leads to information asymmetry and prevents creators from controlling the use and protection of their personal information during the authentication process. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized, tamper-proof, and traceable attributes, addresses these issues perfectly. In blockchain technology, each node is a peer, ensuring the symmetry of information. However, the transparent feature of blockchains can lead to the leakage of user privacy data. Therefore, this study designs and implements an Ethereum blockchain-based intellectual property authentication scheme with privacy protection. Firstly, we propose a method that combines elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) encryption with digital signatures to achieve selective encryption of user personal information. Subsequently, an authentication algorithm based on Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge (zk-SNARK) is adopted to complete the authentication of intellectual property ownership while encrypting personal privacy data. Finally, we adopt the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to store large files, solving the problem of blockchain storage space limitations.

Does Pakistan's Copyright and Antitrust Law Protect Creators of AI-Generated Content? A Comparative Study with European Union Jurisdictions

With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), how should copyright and antitrust law handle AI-created creative work? The Copyright Ordinance 1962 and Competition Act 2010 are examined in this context to examine Pakistan's legal system. This study compares Pakistan's legal system to the EU's. The study focuses on the DMA and the EU Copyright Directive (2019/790). These two laws measure Pakistan's legal strength. Compare and contrast the legal systems of Pakistan with those of the European Union to find weaknesses and opportunities for progress in Pakistan's legal structure. This study may assist Pakistani policymakers and stakeholders in finding the best methods to adapt and update current regulations to handle the evolving environment of AI-generated content creation. Additionally, the article examines how antitrust laws affect AI-generated material and whether competition limits are enough to prevent AI corporations from monopolizing authors' rights. The article examines monopolization, norms, and AI-powered media. The research intends to illuminate artists' rights issues and identify legal loopholes that might hinder AI-generated material protection. It also suggests clarifying or amending rules to accommodate AI innovation. This detailed study illuminates Pakistan's complex copyright and antitrust relationship with AI-generated material. The findings of the research have added to the digital intellectual property rights conversation by revealing future rules and safeguards for artists working with AI-generated creations. Questions have been raised about how AI-generated material affects creative rights laws. The study begins with Pakistani AI content production IP rights. The research explores authorship, originality, and rights in the future when human programmers and algorithmic computers collaborate on creative creations. The study found that Pakistan's copyright and antitrust legislation does not address rising infringement problems, so aggrieved parties may have to use conventional remedies.

Digital Intellectual Property and its Protection

Purpose — to determine the meaning and content of new terms of the theory of law, which will later be used in other branches of law. To actualize the problem of digital intellectual property objects. Identify the gray zones of legal regulation that have arisen in practice and analyze changes in judicial practice in 2022-2023. Methods. Classical methods are used. It showed high efficiency: a comparative legal, dialectical-materialistic method, formal-legal. Results. The list of intellectual property objects is expanding. New entrepreneurial activities are emerging, based on the collection of information and the creation of 3D models. Gaps in legislation lead to many years of litigation, unforeseen expenses, the inability to determine the outcome of a legal conflict. As a legislative proposal: to eliminate the identified problems, it is advisable to revise Article 1225 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation "Protected Results of Intellectual Activity and Means of Individualization" taking into account those objects that have formed in the construction sector. Discussion. Actualization of problems in the terminology of the theory of law, which create difficulties in the application of legal norms in various types of legal activity. Increasing the importance and scientific value of interdisciplinary research. It is necessary to unify terminology affecting digital intellectual property objects in various branches of law. The protection of intellectual rights can be strengthened.

Virtual property from the position of the digital intellectual economy: theoretical foundations of digital law

The article examines the formation of a humandigitalenvironment as a society using digital technologies. It is studied from the standpoint of a real and virtual or material and relatively abstract environment where therights to intellectual property objects dominate as a digital right of a person when using digital tools that enable the use of various digital technologies, as well as fundamental digital rights that require a new understanding. It is noted that the right of virtual property should be distinguished from the right of intellectual property and defined as a specific type of property right. The virtualization of intellectual property is considered as a process of transition from digital intellectual property to digital virtual intellectual property with the corresponding signs of the development or creation of new objects that have an economic value equivalent to material things. In the conditions of digital individualization, the main feature of property rights is the domination of a person over a virtual thing. Virtual space allows the owner of virtual objects to own, use and dispose of them. On the basis of the virtualization of property in the system of using technological platforms, a human-digital system is formed using the latest digital technologies and digital communication with the observance of digital law. Amore complex phenomenon is considered in which virtual owner(s) or implicit owner(s) appear, relying on artificial intelligence. In this regard, the rights are dissolved in a system of transformed computer programs and digital technologies which is gainingpace of development of the digital human rights to digital objects or instruments of virtual property. They are replaced by a virtual or conditional author, a digital administrator as a digital person or a subject of digital legal relations where the value of the real right is lost as the domination of a person over a virtual thing, and only commercial economic dominates an interest that may take the form of a monopoly in the market of digital services. Virtual property is becoming the main legal construct in the system of the digital economy of intellectual property, where there are distinctive features of virtual intellectual property rights in relation to real intellectual property rights.

The implementation of rights management information provisions in WIPO internet treaties: a comparative law perspective

With the rapid development of information technology, intellectual property protection in the digital environment has gradually become a critical issue. WIPO Internet Treaties have included new provisions for digital intellectual property protection since 1996, which require all the members to provide adequate and effective legal remedies for rights management information (RMI). However, WIPO Internet Treaties only afford a basic framework, leaving much discretion for members to decide how to implement their treaty obligations. The domestic protection of RMI generally differs in five aspects: definition of RMI; the scope of prohibited acts; knowledge elements; exceptions of liabilities; and legal remedies. By examining the RMI provisions in WIPO Internet Treaties and their implementation in jurisdictions, this article focuses on the perceived flaws, puzzles, and problems that the RMI provisions may cause, and speculates on the effectiveness of the RMI provisions in accomplishing predetermined goals.

The effect of digitalization transformation on greenwashing of Chinese listed companies: an analysis from the dual perspectives of resource-based view and legitimacy

Background: The goal of “peak carbon and carbon neutrality” has pointed out the direction for the digital transformation (DIT) of enterprises. Companies need to pay a price when they seek green development or fulfill environmental responsibility. Out of self-interest, enterprises may exaggerate their environmental performance (EP) and then greenwashing behavior appears. Whether DIT can curb greenwashing behavior is a topic worth discussing.Objective: This paper proposes a theoretical framework for the influence of DIT on greenwashing and further discusses how government subsidies, resource slack, and external pressure affect them. The data of China’s listed A - share companies are used to test this theoretical framework.Methods: In this paper, multiple linear regression method is used to test the theoretical mechanism, and Hausman test and instrumental variable method are used to test the correctness of the conclusions.Results: (1) DIT has an inhibitory effect on greenwashing. (2) Government subsidies, resource slack, and public pressure positively moderate the relationship. (3) The effect of DIT does inhibit symbolic behavior, but the impact on substantive behavior is not obvious. The moderating effects of various variables are also different.Discussion: It is suggested that the government take the lead in building more digital public participation platforms to improve the online monitoring and early warning ability of enterprises’ greenwashing behavior, tourge enterprises to configure more intelligent and digital cleaner production equipment and facilities, and to improve their environmental performance. Local governments are encouraged to seize the trend of enterprises’ digital green transformation, introduce more government subsidy policies for DIT, improve digital infrastructure and digital intellectual property protection, and escort enterprises’ green DIT. The government and the banks should cooperate to give more green preferential loans, tax relief, and other measures to enterprises undergoing green DIT.

Prototype Modeling and Performance Analysis of Transaction of Digital Intellectual Property in E-commerce

Prototype Modeling and Performance Analysis of Transaction of Digital Intellectual Property in E-commerce

Exploring the trust mechanism of digital intellectual property transactions based on smart contracts

Exploring the trust mechanism of digital intellectual property transactions based on smart contracts

Palmprint Biometric Versus Encrypted Hash Based Digital Signature for Securing DSP Cores Used in CE Systems

In the prior articles of reusable intellectual property (IP) core, different facets of their threat models and defence mechanisms against IP Trojan and IP piracy have been presented. This article provides novel comparative perspective between the two security techniques viz. palmprint biometric based approach and encrypted hash-based digital signature approach for IP cores, integrated in Consumer Electronics systems. These reusable IP cores such as finite impulse response filter used in audio devices, HD TVs, etc., discrete cosine transform core used in audio/image/video/compression, fast Fourier transform used in digital video broadcasting and JPEG-CODEC used in image/video compression of camera systems can be secured using the two security methodologies discussed in this article. These both approaches enable detective control against important security threats such as IP piracy, fraudulent claim of IP ownership, overproduction, and IP counterfeiting. The article therefore contributes the following: 1) security comparison of security techniques on digital signal processing IP cores in terms of probability of coincidence and tamper tolerance, 2) comparison between two security techniques in terms of its properties, 3) end to end demonstration of the palmprint biometric security approach, and 4) design flow of the encrypted hash-based digital signature approach.

An Approach of Deep Learning Neural Network Model for Image Security

Abstract: Securing the Image and video data have applications in various fields like internet communication, multimedia systems, medical imaging, Telemedicine, and military communication. Watermarking protects digital intellectual property. It helps to prove the origin of an image and discourages unaccredited copies or distribution. The proposed method uses the concept of binding a secret message within another, ordinary, message. Our algorithm is used to unobtrusively hide a small message within the noisy regions of a larger image. Deep neural networks are simultaneously trained to create the hiding and revealing processes and are designed to specifically work as a pair. Different models are implemented to check the performance of the algorithm. The results are evaluated using 40,000 different types of images. With the state of art techniques like hiding the image in the least significant bits of the carrier image, our approach compresses and distributes the secret image’s representation across all of the available bits

NFTs: The Future of Digital IP or Just a Remix of DRM?

Abstract Jude Umeh MBCS ponders the promise of NFTs as the future of digital intellectual property and the creative world, or whether they’re simply a reincarnation of DRM and all its woes.

Digital-to-Analog Hardware Trojan Attacks

We propose a Hardware Trojan (HT) attack for analog circuits with its key characteristic being that it cannot be prevented or detected in the analog domain. The HT attack works in the context of Systems-on-Chip (SoCs) comprising both digital and analog Intellectual Property (IP) blocks. The attacker could be either the SoC integrator or the foundry. More specifically, the HT trigger is placed inside a dense digital IP block where it can be effectively hidden, whereas the HT payload is in the form of a digital pattern transported via the test bus or generated within the test bus, reaching the Design-for-Test (DfT) or programmability interface of the victim analog IP with the test bus. The HT payload unexpectedly activates the DfT and sets the victim analog IP into some possibly partial and undocumented test mode or changes the nominal programmability. The HT payload can be designed to result in performance degradation or complete malfunction, i.e., denial of service. We demonstrate this HT attack scenario on two analog IPs, namely a low-dropout (LDO) regulator using simulation and an RF receiver using hardware measurements.

Seeing Digital Piracy in a New Light: Effects causes and reframing of online piracy from a marketing perspective

This paper explores digital piracy, otherwise known as digital intellectual property theft. After addressing the causes ethics and responses to piracy, we explore the implications of piracy from a marketing perspective. Digital piracy is shown in the light of a model of the consumer journey in e-commerce known as the conversion funnel model. Particular attention is paid to the plight of independent individual publishers of digital content.

An intelligent content-based image retrieval methodology using transfer learning for digital IP protection

Trademarks are used by companies to help customers identify products or services using images or logos in addition to slogans, words, names, sounds, smells, color, and motions. Trademark logos are widely distributed through advertising and published through online media websites and social networks such as Facebook, Pinterest, and Flicker. The intellectual property (IP) rights of the trademark owners have strong legal protection when registered with international intellectual property platforms such as the US Patent and Trademark Office and the World Intellectual Property Office. Using a registered trademark without prior consent of the owner may result in intellectual property infringement with severe legal consequences under civil or criminal law. Companies invest large capital resources in protecting their trademark from being copied or misused in ways that confuse the customers or steal market share. This research focuses on trademark (TM) logo image retrieval systems used in the cyber marketplaces to identify similar TM logo images online automatically and intelligently. The methodology developed for TM logo similarity measurement is based on content-based image retrieval. Content retrieval reduces the gap between high-level semantic interpretation of human vision and the low-level features processed by the machine. The proposed transfer learning methodology uses embedded learning with triplet loss to fine-tune a pre-trained convolutional neural network model. The Logo-2K+ large-scale logo dataset is re-organized and divided into the top 70% as the training set and the remaining 30% as the testing set. The results show that the novel transfer learning approach is developed and demonstrated in this research for the intelligent automatic detection of similar TM logo images with high accuracy. The verification experiments (trained with 7625 logos and tested with 3221 logos) demonstrates that the Recall@10 of the test set can reach 95% using the advanced convolutional neural network model (VGG19) adjusted with the novel transfer learning methodology.

Трансформация моделей управления интеллектуальной собственностью высокотехнологичных компаний в условиях санкций и пандемии COVID-19

Subject/topic. The article is devoted to the study of the issues of transformation of models of intellectual property management of high-tech companies in the context of sanctions and the COVID-19 pandemic. The relevance of this publication is due to the high theoretical, methodological and practical significance of a comprehensive study of the issues of intellectual property management of high-tech companies in the digital era. Research results. The publication reveals issues related to the current transformation of models of intellectual property (IP) management of high-tech companies in the context of sanctions and the COVID-19 pandemic. An overview of the changes in the internal and external environment of intellectual property management of high-tech companies in the digital economy is carried out, it is stated that the great challenges of sanctions and pandemics have particularly acutely affected Russian high-tech companies. The main outlines of the transformation of models for managing the intellectual property of Russian high-tech companies. Conclusions. The article concludes that with the transformation of models for managing the intellectual property of companies in the high-tech sector while maintaining their basic set: there is a modernization of the integration model and the model of conducting, as well as a kind of renaissance of the licensing model in the management of intellectual property in the Russian high-tech market. The need for the early development and implementation of a digital national regulatory platform in the field of intellectual property and a unified distributed register of rights, similar to the database of registration of rights to real estate, as a tool for comprehensive cross-sector assistance in the management of intellectual property in the context of sanctions and the COVID-19 pandemic, is especially stated. Application. The materials of the publication can act as a source of decision-making on the formation or change of the strategy of intellectual property management of Russian companies in the high-tech sector, as well as the development of strategic initiatives in the field of development of digital intellectual property management systems.

Availability of ISTE Digital Citizenship Standards Among Middle and High School Students and Its Relation to Internet Self-Efficacy

The purpose of this study was to gauge the level of availability of ISTE Digital Citizenship standards among middle and high school students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The research employed a quantitative survey approach to measuring the availability of elements of digital citizenship. The survey was administered to a sample of 394 students from several middle and high schools. The survey items were built based on the four domains of digital citizenship by ISTE (Digital identity, Ethical behavior, Intellectual property, and Digital privacy and security). Findings revealed that students showing a high level of availability of digital citizenship in the first and second domains, as well as showing a high level of Internet self-efficacy. Based on the findings, it was recommended to put more emphasis on promoting digital citizenship among middle and high school students, especially raising awareness about intellectual property rights, cybersecurity, online bullying, digital identity, and good interaction with others over the Internet.

Transformation of Corporate Governance and Property relations in a Digital Society

The need to transform corporate governance and property relations in a digital society stems from the emerging new realities associated with the emergence of digital assets, new intellectual property objects, and the increasing role of human capital and intellectual capital in innovation. The purpose of the work is to identify trends and directions of transformation of property relations and corporate relations that are inherent in the digital society. The methodological basis of the study was the categorical apparatus of economic theory, institutional theory, methods of dialectics, statistical analysis, principles of formal logic, a systematic approach, scientific works of leading domestic and foreign scientists in the field of property theory and corporate relations. The trends that determine the direction of property modification caused by the formation of a digital society are identified; it is proved that the leading forms of ownership are digital assets and intellectual property objects. It is proved that ensuring a technological breakthrough requires strengthening the role of the human factor and a new human-oriented approach to the transformation of corporate relations. Trends of corporate governance modification in the digital society are revealed. The findings can be used in practice by company management when developing corporate governance strategies.

Legal principles of intellectual property protection in the digital society

The article analyzes the conditions for the protection of intellectual property in the digital society, which is the result of the introduction of global security, and presents a rather innovative problem, not yet well understood in the domestic legal field. It is noted that the Western world has accumulated many problems in the information space, including criminal structures that use huge amounts of intellectual property around the world, from plans to launch new products of certain companies to the primary codes of their computers. We are discovering ways that criminal corporations, terrorist organizations, who use the latest technologies, and do so successfully, are using us, as we are constantly falling behind them with our means of protection and legal protection of intellectual property. Earlier, only digital intellectual property was pirated - music, videos, games and software, but today the digital world is changing. Attention is drawn to the fact that the legal foundations of intellectual property protection in the digital society are a legal perspective on the flip side of technological innovation and the consequences that threaten our interconnected and endlessly vulnerable world. Today, worldwide, there is a problem with technical, information and legal literacy. In a world full of gadgets, algorithms, computers, laptops, REID chips and smartphones, only a small fraction of people have any idea how these objects work. Legal protection of intellectual property is necessary both for the state, for the private sector of business, and for education. The article notes that we need to increase the technical, information and legal literacy of the population, whose goal is to provide citizens with a basic understanding of how technology works, to prevent others from taking advantage of this technological and legal ignorance, and to harm people so that everyone a person has learned to write computer codes and resist technical (technological) crimes

Clock Tree Optimization for Multi-Corner Multi-Mode Timing Closure with Different Design Flows

Clock Tree Optimization for Multi Corner Multi Mode Timing closure is done with Integrated Clock Gating cells. It is power efficient clock tree technique because, it will reduce the switching power usage of clock. It is implemented using integrated clock Gating cells for reducing the switching power caused by clock propagation in the design during Clock Tree Synthesis. The multi mode and multi corner uses integrated clock gating cells to achieve timing and these cells will reduce dynamic power .This technique can be applied to industrial Digital Intellectual Property(DIP). The cells used in the design are fabricated by using 22nm FDSOI process and these cells used as clock pins by Automatic Root Clock Pin (ARCP) in Clock Specification file during clock tree synthesis along with proposed flows for reducing buffer count. The result shows that the number of buffers added in the each stage is reduced by the proposed flow and also we achieve the timing, power and area. In this paper, by using clock tree optimization technique the clock power dissipation in the chip is reduced by Integrated clock gating cells.

Skills in the area of digital safety as a key component of digital literacy among teachers

The goal of the research was to assess the level of Digital Literacy (DL) among teachers. The study was diagnostic in order to show DL in six selected key areas: the ergonomics of using ICT, assessing the credibility of information, secure online communication, maintaining anonymity in the digital world, safe logging-in, and intellectual property. DL was measured using a knowledge and competence test. The study was conducted in Poland in 2017/2018 among 701 primary school teachers (primary being the second stage of education). Based on the data collected, we have noticed the following: DL is a heterogeneous concept; the respondents possess the lowest level of knowledge in the area of intellectual property law and know the most about ergonomics; gender does not determine the level of knowledge and competencies in the group. Furthermore, the Dunning-Kruger effect is noticeable among the teachers, in the context of evaluation of DL related to digital safety. We also need to emphasise that for teachers, DL is one of the key protective factors in digital safety, viewed holistically, in schools. Thus, diagnosing and facilitating the development of DL has become one of the key challenges faced by schools today.