Digital Imaging Technology Research Articles

Digital image processing: A new tool for morphological measurements of freshwater turtles under rehabilitation.

Freshwater fauna is facing an uphill task for survival in the Ganga Basin, India, due to a range of factors causing habitat degradation and fragmentation, necessitating conservation interventions. As part of the ongoing efforts to conserve the freshwater fauna of the Basin, we are working on rehabilitating rescued freshwater chelonians. We carry out various interventions to restore rescued individuals to an apparent state of fitness for their release in suitable natural habitats. Morphometric measurements are crucial to managing captive wild animals for assessing their growth and well-being. Measurements are made using manual methods like vernier caliper that are prone to observer error experience and require handling the specimens for extended periods. Digital imaging technology is rapidly progressing at a fast pace and with the advancement of technology. We acquired images of turtles using smartphones along with manual morphometric measurements using vernier calipers of the straight carapace length and straight carapace width. The images were subsequently processed using ImageJ, a freeware and compared with manual morphometric measurements. A significant decrease in the time spent in carrying out morphometric measurements was observed in our study. The difference in error in measurements was, however, not significant. A probable cause for this may have been the extensive experience of the personnel carrying out the measurements using vernier caliper. Digital image processing technology can cause a significant reduction in the stress of the animals exposed to handling during measurements, thereby improving their welfare. Additionally, this can be used in the field to carry out morphometric measurements of free-ranging individuals, where it is often difficult to capture individuals, and challenges are faced in obtaining permission to capture specimens.

Skin lesion classification based on hybrid self‐supervised pretext task

AbstractThe combination of observation of skin lesion and digital image technology contributes to the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases. To solve the problems of large variation of target size and shape in skin disease images, small difference between disease images and normal images, and difficulty of label acquisition, we propose a classification algorithm for skin lesion based on hybrid self‐supervised pretext tasks. We combine the discriminative self‐supervised relational reasoning task with the generative self‐supervised mutual information maximization task and design the loss function. Experiments show that the generative‐discriminative self‐supervised co‐training algorithm can identify images with small differences and learn discriminative features and achieve a classification accuracy of 82.6% on the DermaMNIST dataset.

Application of Control Algorithm in the Design of Automatic Crimping Device for Connecting Pipe and Ground Wire

Due to the low effectiveness and poor quality of manual crimping of grounding wires, the author proposes the design of an automatic crimping device for connecting tube grounding wires based on intelligent fully automatic technology. The device consists of a microcontroller, an upper computer control interface, an electric push rod, an infrared sensor, a pressure transmitter, and other devices. The staff used the upper computer monitoring interface to set the relevant parameters for grounding wire crimping, and used X-ray digital imaging technology to measure the crimping size of the grounding wire. The size met the set parameter conditions. Through the PID control algorithm in the microcontroller, the stepper motor was controlled to push the clamp to move, completing the automatic crimping of the grounding wire. The X-ray detection method was introduced to detect the quality of the grounding wire after the crimping was completed. The experimental results show that the average deviation between the measured crimping size of the grounding wire and the actual measurement size by the automatic crimping device is only 0.06 mm, indicating that its measurement results are accurate; The success rate of crimping exceeds 95%. The above experimental results verify that the designed crimping device has high stability and reliability, and good quality detection effect.

A Parking Space Recognition Method Based on Digital Image Technology

A Parking Space Recognition Method Based on Digital Image Technology

Failure Characterization of Al-Zn-Mg Alloy and Its Weld Using Integrated Acoustic Emission and Digital Image Techniques

The three-point bending damage process of an A7N01 aluminum alloy body material and weld seam in an electric multiple unit train was monitored using acoustic emission (AE) and digital image technology. The AE signal characteristics of static load damage to the aluminum alloy and weld seam were studied using the AE signal parameter and time–frequency analysis. Based on the observation of the microstructure and fracture morphology, the source mechanism of AE signals was analyzed. The experimental results indicate that AE energy, centroid frequency, and peak frequency are effective indices for predicting the initiation of cracks in A7N01 aluminum alloy and weld seams. The digital image monitoring results of the notch tip damage evolution of aluminum alloy samples confirmed the predictions based on AE energy, centroid frequency, and peak frequency for crack initiation. The AE signal source mechanism revealed that the differences in AE characteristics between the base material and weld seam can be attributed to microstructure variations and fracture modes. In summary, the AE technique is more sensitive to changes in the fracture mode and can be utilized to monitor the damage evolution of welded structures.

A computational approach for analysis of intratumoral heterogeneity and standardized uptake value in PET/CT images1.

By providing both functional and anatomical information from a single scan, digital imaging technologies like PET/CT and PET/MRI hybrids are gaining popularity in medical imaging industry. In clinical practice, the median value (SUVmed) receives less attention owing to disagreements surrounding what defines a lesion, but the SUVmax value, which is a semi-quantitative statistic used to analyse PET and PET/CT images, is commonly used to evaluate lesions. This study aims to build an image processing technique with the purpose of automatically detecting and isolating lesions in PET/CT images, as well as measuring and assessing the SUVmed. The pictures are separated into their respective lesions using mathematical morphology and the crescent region, which are both part of the image processing method. In this research, a total of 18 different pictures of lesions were evaluated. The findings of the study reveal that the threshold is satisfied by both the SUVmax and the SUVmed for most of the lesion types. However, in six instances, the SUVmax and SUVmed values are found to be in different courts. The new information revealed by this study needs to be further investigated to determine if it has any practical value in diagnosing and monitoring lesions. However, results of this study suggest that SUVmed should receive more attention in the evaluation of lesions in PET and CT images.

Prevalence of Technology-Facilitated Abuse Among Sexual and Gender Minority Youths

Digital communication and imaging technologies have created new opportunities for technology-facilitated abuse (TFA) and necessitate a better understanding of how and why the risk for TFA varies across different groups of youths. To compare the prevalence of TFA among youths across 5 different sexual and gender identity groups, and to identify risk factors that may explain variations in TFA risk. A US nationally representative online survey was conducted among 2639 young adults recruited from the KnowledgePanel online panel from November 19 to December 29, 2021. Individuals aged 18 to 28 years were asked retrospectively about TFA and a variety of other youth experiences in childhood (aged <18 years). Participants were asked about their sexual and gender identities, 11 types of TFA occurring before the age of 18 years, and several potential risk factors. Prevalence rates of any TFA were compared across sexual and gender identity groups, and analyses were conducted to identify risk factors that help explain group differences. Weights were developed to compensate for gender, education, race and ethnicity, household income, census region, and metropolitan status disproportions. Among the 2510 respondents (mean [SD] age, 24.8 [2.8] years) who provided gender and sexual identity information, 46.5% (95% CI, 41.9%-51.1%) were cisgender heterosexual females, 25.2% (95% CI, 21.6%-29.1%) were cisgender sexual minority females, 18.3% (95% CI, 14.4%-22.9%) were cisgender heterosexual males, 6.8% (95% CI, 4.6%-9.9%) were cisgender sexual minority males, and 3.3% (95% CI, 2.0%-5.4%) were gender minority individuals. The prevalence of TFA occurring before the age of 18 years was highest among sexual minority females (55.3%; 95% CI, 48.0%-62.4%) and gender minority individuals (53.4%; 95% CI, 33.5%-72.2%). Rates of sexting were highest among cisgender sexual minority females (38.8%; 95% CI, 19.1%-58.8%) and gender minority individuals (36.7%; 95% CI, 19.1%-58.8%) and represented the strongest risk factor for TFA exposure (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% CI, 4.0-8.0). However, it explained little variation in TFA across groups once early in-person adversity, sexual abuse, bullying, and maltreatment were taken into account. This study demonstrates the risk of TFA among sexual and gender minority youths and the need to target prevention efforts toward these vulnerable groups. In addition to strategies to reduce risky behavior, efforts to lower the risk of early sexual abuse, bullying, and maltreatment are likely to also be effective in decreasing TFA among these marginalized groups.

Artificial Intelligence, Digital Imaging, and Robotics Technologies for Surgical Vitreoretinal Diseases

ObjectiveTo review recent technological advancement in imaging, surgical visualization, robotics technology and the use of artificial intelligence in surgical vitreoretinal (VR) diseases. BackgroundTechnological advancements in imaging enhance both pre-operative and intra-operative management of surgical VR diseases. Widefield imaging in fundal photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) can improve assessment of peripheral retinal disorders like retinal detachments, degeneration, and tumors. OCT angiography provides a rapid and non-invasive imaging of the retinal and choroidal vasculature. Surgical visualization has also improved with intraoperative OCT providing a detailed real-time assessment of retinal layers to guide surgical decisions. Heads-up display and head-mounted display utilize three-dimensional technology to provide surgeons with enhanced visual guidance and improved ergonomics during surgery. Intraocular robotics technology allows for greater surgical precision and is shown to be useful in retinal vein cannulation and subretinal drug delivery. In addition, deep learning techniques leverages on diverse data including widefield retinal photography and OCT for better predictive accuracy in classification, segmentation, and prognostication of many surgical VR diseases. ConclusionThis review article summarized the latest updates in these areas and highlights the importance of continuous innovation and improvement in technology within the field. These advancements have the potential to reshape management of surgical VR diseases in the very near future and to ultimately improve patient care.

Super-Resolution of Lightweight Images Based on Deep Learning

As digital imaging technology advances, a significant breakthrough is the emergence of super-resolution technology, a method to enhance the quality of low-resolution images to high-resolution. When there are some developing of the newest digital camera's skills, the super-resolution technology is appearing and getting more and more importance. In the simplest terms, the image super-resolution skill is the technology of which one cover the process from low resolution images to high resolution images skills. This technology differs from the traditional approach in that it is attracting more and more attention from researchers and practitioners. This method is important in the future. With the passage of time, it will be more and more mature. In this paper, we focus on how to improve image resolution by using various technologies, and summarise the results obtained in recent years. Then, we briefly introduce the background and development of super resolution, then briefly introduce the technology. Finally, we come to a few conclusions regarding Deep Learning.

Analysis of crack evolution of expansive soil embankment under extreme arid climate

With the increasing impact of global climate change, the frequency of extreme arid climates worldwide is rising. These extreme arid conditions can have adverse effects on expansive soil embankments. In this study, the digital image technology is used to study the crack development characteristics of expansive soil embankments. The findings indicate that the crack development process in expansive soil can be divided into three stages: slow development, rapid development, and stable development. During the drying process, cracks develop differently on the waterward side, the top of the embankment, and the backwater side of the embankment. Initially, cracks appear on the top of the embankment, and their degree of development is the highest in this area. The crack degree on the top of the embankment is approximately 2 to 3 times greater than that on the waterward and backwater sides. Furthermore, longitudinal cracks on the top of the embankment have been analyzed from both macro and micro perspectives. This study is expected to help analyze the underlying formation mechanisms of desiccation cracking-inducing geohazards and access the long-term performance of expansive soil embankments in arid climates.

Digital phenotyping for robust seeds variability assessment in Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.

ABSTRACT: Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is a cereal crop with potential as a functional food due to its high nutritional value and its wide adaptability to unfavorable environmental conditions. Seed-related traits of foxtail millet are difficult to observe due to its small size. Therefore, the development of an efficient and accurate method for characterizing foxtail millet seeds using digital imaging technology is essential. This study aimed to characterize the seed morphology for variability assessment of Indonesian local foxtail millet genotypes and to develop a model to estimate the 100-seed weight using ImageJ. A total of 28 Indonesian local foxtail millet genotypes were used in this study for seed morphology characterization and the development of the 100-seed weight estimation model. Foxtail millet genotypes from different regions in Indonesia exhibited diverse seed morphologies. The 100-seed weight estimation model (y = 0.123x - 0.0821 (R² = 0.9223)) demonstrated a highly significant positive correlation (r = 0.96, p &lt; 0.01) between the predicted and actual 100-seed weights. The correlation coefficient from model validation was 0.8731 (p &lt; 0.01), indicating that the obtained model could estimate the 100-seed weight of foxtail millet seeds in future studies.

New results on finite-time projective synchronization for memristor-based hybrid delayed BAM neural networks with applications to DNA image encryption

&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;With the popularization of digital image technology, image information has inevitably developed to involved the disclosure of personal privacy; in this study, a color image encryption algorithm was designed to encrypt and decrypt images by using chaotic sequences of a class of memristor-based hybrid delayed bidirectional associative memory neural networks (MHDBAMNNs) to protect images from illegal acquisition and use. Additionally, the discontinuity problem of the right-hand side of the Filippov system due to the hopping property of the memristor has been treated by using differential inclusion and set-valued mapping theories, and a sufficient criterion for guaranteeing the synchronization of finite-time projections derived based on the drive-response concept, Lyppunov stability theorem, and inequality technique. To improve the security performance, a color image encryption algorithm based on a combination of Chen's hyperchaotic system and a DNA codec operation was adopted, also, the robustness and validity of our proposed approach was demonstrated through image performance analysis. Furthermore, the potential application of the model in secure transmission has been explored.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;

Research on Digital Image Record in Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance Innovation under the Background of Big Data

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the digital lens presentation effect and image dissemination effect of intangible cultural heritage. In order to test the lens boundary detection technology of ICH digital images, we focus on analyzing the number of image frames, the number of mutations and the number of gradual changes of ICH characters, space-time and events, and exploring the checking completeness, the checking accuracy and the comprehensive detection rate of this paper’s algorithm and the dual-threshold comparative method on different types of ICH image fragments. Combined with the descriptive analysis of valid samples, we explore the main types of transmission of NRM digital images and clarify the degree of media utilization and the ranking of transmission power of NRM digital images in the Yangtze River Delta region. Shanghai has the strongest online dissemination power of traditional theater, traditional fine arts and traditional arts and crafts, with 1284586, 310468, and 237818, respectively, while traditional music, Chinese opera and folklore have the weakest dissemination power in Shanghai. Traditional music makes up 18.73% of them. To ensure non-heritage culture’s inheritance, it is necessary to strengthen the use of digital imaging technology to achieve linkage communication between non-heritage cultures and build an overall communication system.

Analysis of Surface Damage on the Mural Painting in Josadang Shrine of Buseoksa Temple in Yeongju Using Reflectance Transformation Imaging Technology

In this study, we examined the effectiveness of RTI(Reflectance Transformation Imaging) method as a digital imaging technology that can accurately and three-dimensionally record the damaged state of mural heritage. For this purpose, major damage types were classified on the mural painting in Josadang shrine of Buseoksa temple in Yeongju, and an RTI was conducted on areas with highly damaged areas. According to the results by the type of damage to the murals, salt weathering damage (58.9-18.2%), painting layer damage (37.9-13.0%), past reinforcement area (9.8-4.2%), biological damage and other contamination (19.8-2.5%), exposed damage to the finishing layer (19.7∼0.7%), past fixative area (2.5∼0.0%), and cracks (0.5∼0.3%) were found to have a high share of damaged area. From the RTI investigation for each damage type, image data was constructed to visually identify the degree of damage. In particular, in the case of microscope-based RTI, it was confirmed that it can be used as an accurate recording technology because it can identify color layer exfoliation, pigment particle shape, and salt crystal shape that are difficult to see in general microscope images. This is a research method that has not been attempted in existing RTI or mural research, and is expected to be applicable in the future not only to murals but also to the field of cultural heritage with painting layers.

Retracted: Film and Television Animation Sensing and Visual Image by Computer Digital Image Technology

Retracted: Film and Television Animation Sensing and Visual Image by Computer Digital Image Technology

Detection of cracks in aircraft structures using digital image processing technology

Full-scale aircraft structural fatigue testing exposes structural weaknesses by simulating the use of the aircraft in service and monitoring the development and expansion of fatigue cracks to guide the optimisation of aircraft structural design, the determination of service life and the development of maintenance and repair programmes. If crack damage is not detected in time, the uncontrolled expansion of the crack may lead to structural damage and prolong the test cycle. Therefore, it is crucial to achieve accurate detection of early cracks in fatigue testing of aircraft structures. Digital image technology is a new technology supported by a number of technical and theoretical achievements. In practical application, it relies on the support of computer functions, by converting image information into two-dimensional digital signals, thus realising various operations. In this paper, digital image processing techniques are used to deepen the backbone feature extraction network structure and improve the prediction scale of small targets, thus improving the performance of the model in terms of feature extraction and small defect detection. Experimental results show that the method can achieve accurate detection of small cracks, providing an effective technical approach for the automatic detection of cracks in aircraft structural fatigue tests. The technique of detecting cracks in aircraft structures using digital image processing also provides a new idea for research into improving aircraft endurance testing, which can be further developed with the aid of image technology.

The Flatness Error Evaluation of Metal Workpieces Based on Line Laser Scanning Digital Imaging Technology

With the development of intelligent manufacturing, the production and assembly accuracy of components in factories is increasing in line with growing demand. However, the traditional manual quality inspection is inefficient, inaccurate, and costly. To this end, digital and optical imaging techniques are used to achieve intelligent quality inspection. However, during the reconstruction process, the high reflectivity of object materials affects the speed and accuracy of reconstruction results. To overcome these problems, this study investigated the three-dimensional (3D) digital imaging techniques based on line laser scanning. It advances a novel methodology for image segmentation, underpinned by deep learning algorithms, to augment the precision of the reconstruction results while simultaneously enhancing processing velocity. After the reconstruction phase, the research assesses flatness tolerance using point cloud registration technology. Finally, we constructed a measurement platform with a cost of less than CNY 100,000 (about USD 14,000) and obtained a measurement accuracy of 30 microns.

Digital Subtraction Radiography in Dentistry: An Overview

Digital imaging has transformed the field of medical and dental imaging by overcoming many of the drawbacks ofconventional film-based radiographs. These alterations, however, are hidden behind a background of typical anatomical featuresand are not readily visible, making it difficult for the human eye to discern them. One image-enhancing method or tool that solvesthis issue is digital subtraction radiography, which has recently found usage in a number of dental specialties. Quantitative measuresfrom digital subtraction pictures have been validated as a result of the development of digital imaging technology. Moreover,changes made to computer software have made the clinical use of subtraction imaging more adaptable. Digital subtraction radiologyhas significantly improved the ability to find oral and maxillofacial lesions. Comparing standardised radiographs acquired duringsuccessive examination sessions is done using digital subtraction radiography. Any structures that have not changed are removed,and these regions are shown in the subtraction picture as neutral grey areas, whilst parts that have altered are shown as deeperor brighter shades of grey. Yet, there is not much analysis of this often used method in the literature. The purpose of this articleis to examine this technology, its applications in different areas of dentistry, and its potential for detecting a range of disorders.This review article highlights its basic principles, applications, technique, advantages, disadvantages and future scope of digitalsubtraction radiography in dentistry.

Digital-image based performance analysis of CFRP–concrete interface bond under anchorage

This study investigated the bonding performance of Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)-reinforced concrete interface under anchorage. The effect of positive compressive stress on the bonding performance of the interface was analysed using a single-sided shear test of the interface. The strain distribution on the CFRP surface during interface debonding was obtained using digital image technology. The shear-stress transfer law of the CFRP-concrete interface under anchorage was analyzed, and the bond-slip curve of the interface was obtained. Results showed that the increase in interfacial compressive stress improves the interfacial bearing capacity and slip behavior. After the interfacial compressive stress increases to a certain extent, the maximum strain of the CFRP specimens does not change with the positive stress. The principal model of bond slip in the anchorage zone under the anchoring action of the compressive steel plate was obtained; the models were tested and found to be consistent with the test results. The analytical solutions of the characteristic points of the interfacial load-slip curve in the anchorage zone under positive pressure were compared with the experimental values to prove the reliability of the fitted bond–slip intrinsic model.

Experimental study on the effect of unloading rate on the damage of coal with boreholes

In coal mining, the gas pre-drainage boreholes in front of working faces are often repeated loading and unloading. Studying the failure characteristics of boreholes under cyclic loading has a guiding significance for clarifying the failure mechanism of gas pre-drainage boreholes. To simulate the influence of the advancing speed of the working face on the deformation instability of the borehole, a cyclic loading path under the influence of different unloading rates was designed. In this paper, the uniaxial cyclic loading test was conducted by the DYD-10 testing machine, and the variation law of mechanical strength characteristics with the unloading rate was obtained. Combined with digital image technology (XTDIC), the sample deformation characteristics were analyzed. The samples' compressive strength rose with the unloading rate. The sample was damaged in the tensile-shear composite form at different unloading rates. Crack opening displacement (COD) with the increase in the number of cycles shows a “stepwise” increase. Near the moment of destruction, COD suddenly increased. The number of surface fractures that could be seen reduced as the unloading rate increased, and reduced fragmentation when the sample failed. The various types of energy of the sample increase nonlinearly with the increase of the number of cycles, and the plastic damage energy drops as the unloading rate increases. When the external stress state enters the next stress state, the internal stress adjustment of the sample takes a particular time, which is manifested as lagging behind the change of the external stress state. The influence mechanism of stress adjustment lag on strength, crack evolution and damage under different unloading rates was proposed. The results of the study contribute to the research of destabilization control technology for gas pre-drainage boreholes.