Watermarking Method For Digital Images Research Articles

Maximize the Security for Image Processing Using an Improved Watermarking Approach

Creating a dependable and effective digital image watermarking (WM) method necessitates balancing imperceptibility, resilience, capacity, and security. Several studies have combined spatial and transform domains to meet these needs. We investigated the current state of hybrid digital image WM. When developing a hybrid WM strategy, it is critical to consider software compatibility. Following a brief review of the literature, we used a table to analyse and evaluate current hybrid approaches. Furthermore, the limitations and possibilities of these approaches are discussed. We investigated the limitations of current research methodologies and proposed new research directions. The internet’s role in distributing digital material has resulted in more digitalisation and more complex copyright concerns. Copyright breaches are being reduced through the deployment of innovative digital WM techniques. As a result of this research, a WM system capable of dealing with a wide range of threats is being developed. The goal of this study is to maximise security while maintaining visibility and resilience. Discrete wavelets transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) were used to investigate covert operations; DWT was used to isolate each level of the host image, which was then processed using SVD. At the time, normalized correlation was the best method for measuring watermarked images. In research, DWT–SVD was more accurate in detecting assaults; it shows structural similarity index and normalized correlation are 98.4 and 98.35, respectively. Watermarked images can withstand a variety of assaults due to their invisibility and resilience; this system repels assaults that alter pixel values better than traditional methods.

Advanced Dipper-Throated Meta-Heuristic Optimization Algorithm for Digital Image Watermarking

Recently, piracy and copyright violations of digital content have become major concerns as computer science has advanced. In order to prevent unauthorized usage of content, digital watermarking is usually employed. This work proposes a new approach to digital image watermarking that makes use of the discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), dipper-throated optimization (DTO), and stochastic fractal search (SFS) algorithms. The proposed approach involves computing the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) on the cover image to extract its sub-components, followed by the performance of a discrete cosine transform (DCT) to convert these sub-components into the frequency domain. Finding the best scale factor for watermarking is a significant challenge in most watermarking methods. The authors used an advanced optimization algorithm, which is referred to as DTOSFS, to determine the best two parameters—namely, the scaling factor and embedding coefficient—to be used while inserting a watermark into a cover image. Using the optimal values of these parameters, a watermark image can be inserted into a cover image more efficiently. The suggested approach is evaluated in comparison with the current gold standard. The normalized cross-correlation (NCC), peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and image fidelity (IF) are used to measure the success of the proposed approach. In addition, a statistical analysis is performed to evaluate the significance and superiority of the proposed approach. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach in improving upon standard watermarking methods based on the DWT and DCT. Moreover, a set of attacks is considered to study the robustness of the proposed approach, and the results confirm the expected outcomes. It is shown by the achieved results that the proposed approach can be utilized for practical digital image watermarking, and that it significantly outperforms other digital image watermarking methods.

A Hyper-Chaotically Encrypted Robust Digital Image Watermarking Method with Large Capacity Using Compress Sensing on a Hybrid Domain.

The digital watermarking technique is a quite promising technique for both image copyright protection and secure transmission. However, many existing techniques are not as one might have expected for robustness and capacity simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a robust semi-blind image watermarking scheme with a high capacity. Firstly, we perform a discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) transformation on the carrier image. Then, the watermark images are compressed via a compressive sampling technique for saving storage space. Thirdly, a Combination of One and Two-Dimensional Chaotic Map based on the Tent and Logistic map (TL-COTDCM) is used to scramble the compressed watermark image with high security and dramatically reduce the false positive problem (FPP). Finally, a singular value decomposition (SVD) component is used to embed into the decomposed carrier image to finish the embedding process. With this scheme, eight grayscale watermark images are perfectly embedded into a carrier image, the capacity of which is eight times over that of the existing watermark techniques on average. The scheme has been tested through several common attacks on high strength, and the experiment results show the superiority of our method via the two most used evaluation indicators, normalized correlation coefficient (NCC) values and the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). Our method outperforms the state-of-the-art in the aspects of robustness, security, and capacity of digital watermarking, which exhibits great potential in multimedia application in the immediate future.

A New Robust and Secure 3-Level Digital Image Watermarking Method Based on G-BAT Hybrid Optimization

This contribution applies tools from the information theory and soft computing (SC) paradigms to the embedding and extraction of watermarks in aerial remote sensing (RS) images to protect copyright. By the time 5G came along, Internet usage had already grown exponentially. Regarding copyright protection, the most important responsibility of the digital image watermarking (DIW) approach is to provide authentication and security for digital content. In this paper, our main goal is to provide authentication and security to aerial RS images transmitted over the Internet by the proposal of a hybrid approach using both the redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT) and the singular value decomposition (SVD) schemes for DIW. Specifically, SC is adopted in this work for the numerical optimization of critical parameters. Moreover, 1-level RDWT and SVD are applied on digital cover image and singular matrices of LH and HL sub-bands are selected for watermark embedding. Further selected singular matrices SLH and SHL are split into 3×3 non-overlapping blocks, and diagonal positions are used for watermark embedding. Three-level symmetric encryption with low computational cost is used to ensure higher watermark security. A hybrid grasshopper–BAT (G-BAT) SC-based optimization algorithm is also proposed in order to achieve high quality DIW outcomes, and a broad comparison against other methods in the state-of-the-art is provided. The experimental results have demonstrated that our proposal provides high levels of imperceptibility, robustness, embedding capacity and security when dealing with DIW of aerial RS images, even higher than the state-of-the-art methods.

A comprehensive survey on robust image watermarking

With the rapid development and popularity of the Internet, multimedia security has become a general essential concern. Especially, as manipulation of digital images gets much easier, the challenges it brings to authentication certification are increasing. As part of the solution, digital watermarking has made significant contributions to image content security and has attracted increasing attention. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review on digital image watermarking methods that were published in recent years illustrating the conventional schemes in different domains. We provide an overview of geometric invariant techniques and emerging watermarking methods for novel medias, such as depth image based rendering (DIBR), high dynamic range (HDR), screen content images (SCIs), and point cloud model. Particularly, as deep learning has achieved a great success in the field of image processing, and has also successfully been used in the field of digital watermarking, learning-based watermarking methods using various neural networks are summarized according to the utilization of neural networks in the single stage training (SST) and double stage training (DST). Finally, we provide an analysis and summary on those methods, and suggest some future research directions.

Digital Image Watermarking Technique Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Discrete Cosine Transform

Digital watermarking has been proposed as a viable solution to the need of copyright protection and authentication of multimedia data in a networked environment, since it makes possible to identify the author, owner, distributor or authorized consumer of a document. In this paper a new watermarking technique to add a code to digital images is presented: the method operates in the frequency domain embedding a pseudo-random sequence of real numbers in a selected set of DCT coefficient. And a new method for digital image watermarking which does not require the original image for watermark detection. The watermark is added in select coefficients with significant image energy in the transform domain in order to ensure non- erasability of the watermark. Advantages of the proposed method include: improved resistance to attacks on the watermark, implicit visual masking utilizing the time-frequency localization property of wavelet transform and a robust definition for the threshold which validates the watermark.. Experimental results demonstrate that this proposed technique is robust to most of the signal processing techniques and geometric distortions.

Fault tolerance in LWT-SVD based image watermarking systems using three module redundancy technique

Increasing the robustness, reliability and security of the digital image watermarking methods against image processing and geometrics attacks are a key issues especially for image copyright protection. Most of existing methods concentrate on increasing the robustness and/or security aspects. In this paper, a robust and reliable digital image watermarking method is proposed by combination of lifting wavelet transform and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) along with Three Module Redundancy (TMR) technique. Also to increase the security of the proposed method, at first, the watermark image is encrypted using improved Arnold transform. Then, SVD is applied to the encrypted watermark image. Using the TMR technique, the singular values of the encrypted watermark image are embedded in three wavelet subbands of the host image using appropriate scaling factors. To obtain the balance between robustness and imperceptibility, scaling factor of each subband is determined by Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm. According to the evaluations, compared to existing works, the proposed method is robust, and also has a high imperceptibility. Also by employing TMR, as a fault tolerance mechanism, the proposed system is more reliable and can work properly in more situations compared to the state-of-the-art methods.

A novel digital watermarking scheme using dragonfly optimizer in transform domain

In today’s technologically-wise advanced environment, it is very significant for the entrepreneurs and business people to secure or protect the digital content. Their digital content can be protected legally using the copyright information such as copyrights embedded into the data. Bio-inspired computing algorithms will help find the optimal scale factor(s) by developing an appropriate fitness function and parameter selection. This article proposes a novel robust and blind watermarking method for digital images using a dragonfly optimizer. This article provides a solution for a false-positive problem using third party protection code. The proposed watermarking system outperforms the competing methods both on efficiency and efficacy measures such as experimental time, Bit Error Rate, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, Normalized Correlation in the standard databases (Signal and Image Processing Institute (SIPI), Break Our Watermarking System (BOWS)) and also found to be robust to various image processing attacks.

Analysis of Digital Image Watermarking Techniques through Hybrid Methods

Digital image watermarking is an attractive research area since it protects the multimedia data from unauthorized access. For designing an efficient and robust digital image watermarking system, the trade-off among imperceptibility, robustness, capacity, and security must be maintained. Various studies regarding this concern have been performed to ensure these requirements by hybridizing different domains, such as spatial and transform domains. In this paper, we have presented an analytical study of the existing hybrid digital image watermarking methods. At first, we have given a standard framework for designing a hybrid method that ensures the basic design requirements of watermarking for various applications. After a brief literature review, we compared and analyzed the complexity of several existing hybrid methods in a tabular form. The limitations and applications of these methods are also highlighted. Finally, we summarized the challenges of the existing methods and concluded the study by giving future research directions.

양자화 색인 변조에 기반한 블라인드 디지털 영상 워터마킹 방법

양자화 색인 변조에 기반한 블라인드 디지털 영상 워터마킹 방법

Image quality degradation assessment based on the dual-tree complex discrete wavelet transform for evaluating watermarked images

We propose a new image quality degradation assessment method based on the dual-tree complex discrete wavelet transform (DT-CDWT) for evaluating the image quality of watermarked images. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) are widely used to evaluate image quality degradation resulting from embedding a digital watermark. The majority of digital image watermarking methods embed a digital watermark in the spatial or frequency domain of an original image. They evaluate image quality degradation using only the spatial domain in spite of the fact that the majority of digital image watermarking methods embed a digital watermark in the spatial or frequency domain. As a result, they do not always fairly evaluate the image quality degradation. Therefore, our method evaluates image quality degradation of the watermarked images using features in the spatial and frequency domains. To extract the features, we defined three indices: 1-norm estimation using bit-planes in the spatial domain, the sharpness, and 1-norm estimation based on the DT-CDWT domains. We describe our image quality assessment method in detail and present experimental results demonstrating that there is a strong positive correlation between the result obtained by our method and a subjective evaluation, in comparison with PSNR and SSIM.

Digital Image Watermarking using New Combined Technique

paper a new method of digital image watermarking is proposed for the protection of digital contents. This proposed method presents a technique which is based on combination of spatial domain technique and frequency domain techniques. Discrete wavelet transform, singular value decomposition and least significant bit techniques are combined to provide robustness to the watermark image as well as to improve the quality of obtained watermarked image.

A New Scalar Quantization Method for Digital Image Watermarking

A new technique utilizing Scalar Quantization is designed in this paper in order to be used for Digital Image Watermarking (DIW). Efficiency of the technique is measured in terms of distortions of the original image and robustness under different kinds of attacks, with particular focus on Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and Gain Attack (GA). The proposed technique performance is affirmed by comparing with state-of-the-art methods including Quantization Index Modulation (QIM), Distortion Compensated QIM (DC-QIM), and Rational Dither Modulation (RDM). Considerable improvements demonstrated by the method are due to a new form of distribution of quantized samples and a procedure that recovers a watermark after GA. In contrast to other known quantization methods, the detailed method here stipulates asymmetric distribution of quantized samples. This creates a distinctive feature and is expressed numerically by one of the proposed criteria. In addition, several realizations of quantization are considered and explained using a concept of Initial Data Loss (IDL) which helps to reduce watermarking distortions. The procedure for GA recovery exploits one of the two criteria of asymmetry. The accomplishments of the procedure are due to its simplicity, computational lightness, and sufficient precision of estimation of unknown gain factor.

Techniques of Digital Image Watermarking: A Review

digital word it is very common to distribute digital image as a part of multimedia technology by use of the Internet. Security of this digital data over the Internet is very popular field among researchers. Watermarking is a process that embeds data or watermark inside data such that it cannot be easily accessed by authorized person. Watermarking provides copyright protection of digital data. Digital Image Water marking is a subfield of Digital watermarking, and it concerns with protection of digital image from unauthorized reproduction and modification. In digital watermarking, a secondary image is a watermark and this watermark lied into the host image and provides protection. Different Digital Image watermarking methods have been proposed in this field to maintain content authentication, copyright protection, tamper protection and many other application. This paper presents a model for digital image watermarking, properties and applications. Moreover, this paper present a survey on different types of digital Image watermarks. This paper reviews different aspects of digital image watermarking for protecting digital data and provide review of digital image watermarking methods named: Least Significant Bit (LSB), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD).

Discrete wavelet transform-based color image watermarking using uncorrelated color space and artificial bee colony

AbstractThe exponential growth in electronic data over internet have increased the demand of a robust and high quality watermarking method for authentication and copyright protection. In general, the existing digital image watermarking methods embed the binary or gray scale watermark into the host image although most multimedia images are available in color. Moreover, available digital image watermarking methods generally use the correlated color spaces which impose the limitations to researchers for using only one color component at a time for embedding the watermark. Therefore, in this paper, a novel discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based color image watermarking method has been proposed which embeds the color watermark into host image using uncorrelated color space (UCS) and artificial bee colony (ABC) method. The results show that proposed method outperforms other existing methods against the various signal processing attacks.

A Secure and Robust Reversible Watermarking Algorithm using Fuzzy Matching Quad Tree Segmentation (F-QTS) Technique for Digital Images

attainment incompetence of extracting the original image is one of the most challenging tasks in digital image watermarking methods. When an image is embedded into another image, this increases more complications. To overcome this problematic scenario, this paper proposes a Fuzzy based Quad Tree Segmentation (F-QTS) method. In this paper, a binary logo image is embedded into a RGB cover image. Due to the embedding data is an image, Quad Tree Segmentation method is applied in both the images in order to allocate the blocks for logo image. This space allocation is empowered by Fuzzy Rules and the binary logo image is embedded into the R-plane of the cover image. Moreover, performances of the proposed watermarking method is evaluated with the various watermarking attacks and presented in terms of PSNR (Peak signal-to-noise ratio).

Novel Watermarking Methods Based on Frequency Domain and Singular Value Decomposition

Nowadays, the copyright laws protecting the digital content are getting quite common. One of the important things is to protect the original or compressed images against illegal use. Frequency domain watermarking methods are used in most cases in today's image- and videowatermarking algorithms. Especially Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) are used in watermarking algorithms. This paper deals with development of two novel digital image watermarking methods that use DWT with Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and DCT with SVD. The paper includes step by step process of watermark embedding and extraction and testing of the watermark robustness. The robustness was tested with the Checkmark, one of the watermark benchmarking tools. Experimental results show that both schemes are robust against a lot of attacks and have very high data hiding capacity.

Digital Watermarking using Multiscale Ridgelet Transform

The multi-resolution watermarking method for digital images proposed in this work. The multiscale ridgelet coefficients of low and high frequency bands of the watermark is embedded to the most significant coefficients at low and high frequency bands of the multiscale ridgelet of an host image, respectively. A multi-resolution nature of multiscale ridgelet transform is exploiting in the process of edge detection. Experimental results of the proposed watermarking method are compared with the previously available watermarking algorithm wavelet transform. Moreover, the proposed watermarking method also tested on images attached by Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and wavelet based lossy image compression techniques.

A Review of BSS Based Digital Image Watermarking and Extraction Methods

The field of Signal Processing has witnessed the strong emergence of a new technique, the Blind Signal Processing (BSP) which is based on sound theoretical foundation. An offshoot of the BSP is known as Blind Source Separation (BSS). This digital signal processing techniques have a wide and varied potential applications. The term blind is indicative of the fact that both the source signal and the mixing procedures are unknown. One of the more interesting applications of BSS is in field of image data security/authentication where digital watermarking is proposed. Watermarking is a promising technique to help protect data security and intellectual property rights. The plethora digital image watermarking methods are surveyed and discussed here with their features and limitations. Thus literature survey is presented in two major categories-Digital image watermarking methods and BSS based techniques in digital image watermarking and extraction.

A commutative digital image watermarking and encryption method in the tree structured Haar transform domain

In this paper a commutative watermarking and ciphering scheme for digital images is presented. The commutative property of the proposed method allows to cipher a watermarked image without interfering with the embedded signal or to watermark an encrypted image still allowing a perfect deciphering. Both operations are performed on a parametric transform domain: the Tree Structured Haar transform. The key dependence of the adopted transform domain increases the security of the overall system. In fact, without the knowledge of the generating key it is not possible to extract any useful information from the ciphered-watermarked image. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.