Digital Image Watermarking Technique Research Articles

Multiple Image Watermarking with Discrete Cosine Transform

Multiple image watermarking is an advanced concept of singular watermarking techniques. The existing singular digital image watermarking techniques cannot obtain all the design goals, such as imperceptibility, robustness, security, and capacity simultaneously with perfection. Hence, the multiple image watermarking technique is designed that embeds several watermarks into the same host image for conveying multiple information. This paper proposed a multiple image watermarking technique with Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) for ensuring the low computational time for embedding, encryption, decryption as well as extraction of the watermark images. Here, DCT is used to ensure the visual quality of the host image, and a random binary matrix is used to improve the security of the digital image. We have given a basic framework for multiple image watermarking. Our experimental results show satisfactory performance.

Robust and Secure Digital Image Watermarking Technique Using Arnold Transform and Memristive Chaotic Oscillators

With the advent of technology and multimedia production, the world has witnessed a tremendous increase in digital media attacks, which duplicates, forges and tamper the data leading to the violation of copyright laws. In this paper, a robust and secure digital image watermarking is proposed, which exploits the chaotic behaviour of the non – linear oscillators realized through Memristive diodes. The proposed scheme relies on a Human Visual System (HVS) model in order to mimic the real-life scenario. To improve the robustness of the proposed approach and to further increase the security of the digital watermarked media whilst still retaining compatibility with the real-time events, Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and extreme learning machine (ELM) is implemented. Secure key generation by means of scrambling through Arnold Transform and the coefficients of Memristive Chaotic Oscillator ensures extreme security. The watermark embedding followed the pixel transformation based on discrete cosine coefficient modification, and a semi-blind watermarking extraction procedure was carried out through trained ELM models. A detailed analysis has been presented to evaluate the tradeoff between imperceptibility, security and robustness using performance metrics like PSNR, NC, SSIM, and BER. To establish a real-time implementation of the proposed architecture, the simulated results were verified using real-time chaotic signals generated from the chaotic oscillator, which dictates excellent performance against watermarking attacks and image processing tasks.

Entropy based spatial domain image watermarking and its performance analysis

Digital image watermarking technique based on LSB Substitution and Hill Cipher is presented and examined in this paper. For better imperceptibility watermark is inserted in the spatial domain. Further the watermark is implanted in the Cover Image block having the highest entropy value. To improve the security of the watermark hill cipher encryption is used. Both subjective and objective image quality assessment technique has been used to evaluate the imperceptibility of the proposed scheme.Further, the perceptual perfection of the watermarked pictures accomplished in the proposed framework has been contrasted and some state-of-art watermarking strategies. Test results demonstrates that the displayed method is robust against different image processing attacks like Salt and Peppers, Gaussian filter attack, Median filter attacks, etc.

An enhanced technique for digital watermarking using multilevel DWT and error correcting codes

Digital Watermarking has attracted researchers’ attention because of its useful applications and, over the past decades, great efforts have been made to develop digital watermarking techniques and algorithms. Most researches use different transform techniques to enhance the robustness and quality of extracted watermark. This paper presents an enhanced technique for digital image watermarking based on multilevel Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in conjunction with the well-known RS codes over finite fields. To observe and appreciate the significance of using the error correcting codes technique for enhancing the digital watermarking performance against attacks, a series of experiments were conducted. The enhanced methodology, presented and implemented in this research, achieved a very good performance. Regarding the significance of using error correcting codes in conjunction with DWT transform digital image watermarking; it was shown that, in all cases investigated, for all the attacks considered, there was an increase in the robustness of the digital watermark, in terms of the performance measure SSIM values. In some cases, it improves, to almost 27 times, the case without using error correcting codes. Among each class of codes, for all the attacks, Reed-Solomon block codes of length n=255 over the Galois field GF(2^8) with k=135, performs better than all others.

Recent trends in image watermarking techniques for copyright protection: a survey

Digital copyright protection signifies the technology of rights protection, utilization control, and management of digital substances in the activity of production, propagation, retailing, and consumption. In the era of digital boom in information technology and multimedia, malicious exploitations and piracy have become a global phenomenon; thus, the need for digital content protection is inexorable. Image watermarking has been advocated universally to resolve innumerable dilemmas correlated with issues in the fields of digital rights management and multimedia security. According to anticipated applications, various suitable image watermarking procedures have been designed to safeguard the copyright of digital subjects. In this study, contemporary developments of digital image watermarking techniques are appraised so as to identify state-of-the-art practices and their limitations. This research contribution will be expedient for the academics in instigating efficient watermarking techniques for copyright authentication.

Locally optimum watermark decoder in NSST domain using RSS-based Cauchy distribution

It is important to consider the tradeoff between imperceptibility and robustness requirements in developing an image-watermarking technique, some statistical model-based image watermarking schemes have been designed in the past decade. The effectiveness of a statistical watermark decoder depends highly on the modeling of the transform-domain coefficients and the use of hypothesis testing. In this study, a multiplicative image watermarking scheme is proposed in the nonsubsampled Shearlet transform (NSST) domain, where NSST coefficients are modeled by ranked set sample (RSS) based Cauchy statistical distribution and locally most powerful (LMP) test criterion is applied. Digital image watermarking technique consists of two parts, namely, embedding and extracting. In the embedding process, to achieve relatively good imperceptibility and robustness, watermark data is inserted into the significant NSST directional subband that has the highest energy value, by modifying nonlinearly the significant NSST coefficients. In the extracting phase, a scheme is proposed for designing a blind NSST domain watermark decoder incorporating the RSS based Cauchy statistical distribution and LMP test criterion. Here, the RSS method is used to estimate the location parameter and shape parameter of Cauchy statistical distribution instead of traditional maximum-likelihood (ML) method, which can provide the Cauchy model with higher precision parameters. Experimental results on a set of standard test images show significant improvements in imperceptibility and robustness using the proposed method compared with the best known state-of-the-art approaches.

Analysis of Digital Image Watermarking Techniques through Hybrid Methods

Digital image watermarking is an attractive research area since it protects the multimedia data from unauthorized access. For designing an efficient and robust digital image watermarking system, the trade-off among imperceptibility, robustness, capacity, and security must be maintained. Various studies regarding this concern have been performed to ensure these requirements by hybridizing different domains, such as spatial and transform domains. In this paper, we have presented an analytical study of the existing hybrid digital image watermarking methods. At first, we have given a standard framework for designing a hybrid method that ensures the basic design requirements of watermarking for various applications. After a brief literature review, we compared and analyzed the complexity of several existing hybrid methods in a tabular form. The limitations and applications of these methods are also highlighted. Finally, we summarized the challenges of the existing methods and concluded the study by giving future research directions.

Comparison of the Schemes in Digital Image Watermarking Techniques

With the rapid developing of network techniques and multimedia technology, the data security becomes an important and challenging research topic. The emergence of digital image watermarking technology provides an effective way for multimedia copyright protection, which embeds specific information. This paper analyses the characteristics of digital watermarking technology firstly, then studies some important digital image watermarking algorithms, finally compares the schemes in digital image watermarking techniques. The work aims to compare the differences of the schemes in digital image watermarking techniques and improve the performance of digital image watermarking.

Development of a New Blind Watermarking for Medical Images

Securing the data of patient and keeping the information confidential has become a challenging task at present days. More number of chances are available for information alteration or security breach. When the information is transferred from source to destination digital image watermarking technique is most commonly used to secure the patient’s information watermarking provides the copy right protection, authentication proof and detection of tampering. This paper presents a watermarking technique to embed patient’s information in a medical image so that information can be transferred securely and information alteration would be prevented. An Arnold Chaotic Map is applied to the sensitive watermark image to scramble the pixels in the sensitive watermark image. The cover medical image is partitioned into non overlapping blocks and DCT is applied to each block. Each and every bit of the watermark image is embedded into block by using Weber Descriptor. By using this Weber Descriptor robustness of an image will be increased. An experimental result shows that the proposed algorithm improves the robustness against various attacks like compression, filtering and noising.

A REVIEW ON WAVELET TRANSFORM BASED WATERMARKING TECHNIQUES

The fast growth of technology nowadays leads to misuse of data or information shared via the internet. The data that shared can be hacked and manipulated. The fields like Military, Medicine uses sensitive data and hence need secure communication. These requirements can be achieved by Digital Image Watermarking Techniques. Many techniques were invented for watermarking but still, a transform based watermarking techniques provide better robustness and imperceptibility. Wavelet based transforms like discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) is considered in this review. DWT, WPT based watermarking techniques are discussed in this work and at the end, these two transforms are compared.

A Robust Image Watermarking Scheme Based on the Laplacian Pyramid Transform

This paper is concerned with the digital image watermarking techniques to protect intellectual property and to authenticate digital images. Different from the most conventional methods using the discrete cosine transforms (DCT) and discrete-wavelet transforms (DWTs), this paper exploits the improved Laplacian pyramid transform to develop a new image watermarking scheme in which the improved Laplacian pyramid transform is used to decompose and reconstruct the host image. Then, to select an appropriate watermarking solution, we investigate the various frequency sub-band regions with different the levels and strength factors to perform the watermark embedding. Finally, we conduct experiments to investigate the invisibility and robustness of the proposed algorithm in terms the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), normalized correlation (NC), and structural similarity index (SSIM). Experimental results showed that our proposed scheme offers good robustness and invisibility. As compared to the watermarking schemes using the curvelets, our watermarking scheme is more robust for the lossy JPEG compression and Gaussian low pass filtering attacks. In addition, our method is also efficient in terms of computational time.

Image Security using Digital Image Watermarking and Visual Cryptography Techniques

In today’s world, the enhancement in internet technologies, digital data are mostly used to share the information in public networks. There are many traditional security techniques used to provide security to the digital information. But the existing methods don’t provide much of the security to digital media like image, video, audio, etc. The digital watermarking is employed in the protection of digital information. This paper gives a review on digital image watermarking based on the visual cryptography to reach secure protection for the images. The secret information can be inserted in the original images. The secret key is generated from the watermark image with the help of visual cryptography to claim the ownership of images. Various types of Visual Cryptography and Digital Image Watermarking techniques are explained in real time application.

Digital Image Watermarking Techniques: A Review

Digital image authentication is an extremely significant concern for the digital revolution, as it is easy to tamper with any image. In the last few decades, it has been an urgent concern for researchers to ensure the authenticity of digital images. Based on the desired applications, several suitable watermarking techniques have been developed to mitigate this concern. However, it is tough to achieve a watermarking system that is simultaneously robust and secure. This paper gives details of standard watermarking system frameworks and lists some standard requirements that are used in designing watermarking techniques for several distinct applications. The current trends of digital image watermarking techniques are also reviewed in order to find the state-of-the-art methods and their limitations. Some conventional attacks are discussed, and future research directions are given.

An improved and secured digital image watermarking technique using DCT, fuzzy entropy and image scrambling in hybrid domain

The basic concept of watermarking is to hide the digital content like metadata within some cover data to maintain the ownership of the cover data. Watermark embedding should be done in such a way that it should not damage the original image and its security should also be preserved. In this paper, a secured and robust scheme is proposed which uses the concept of fuzzy entropy and DCT and image scrambling in hybrid domain. The proposed algorithm gives very convincing results by providing a good PSNR and MSE values and various types of attacks are also performed on watermarked image which gives very good NC value this shows that proposed scheme provides the improved imperceptibility and robustness.

Grey wolf optimisation-based colour image watermarking

In recent years, multimedia information on the internet has increased exponentially and the multiple manipulation instruments can readily manipulate these data. This grows the requirements for a robust watermarking technique to avoid the illicit exchange and allocation of multimedia information and processing, especially for images. Even though the majority images are accessible in colour format, the contemporary digital image watermarking techniques classically embrace the binary or grey watermark in the host image. Furthermore, a correlated colour space that restraint the potentiality of watermarking techniques uses many current techniques for the digital image watermarking, as only single colour channel is accessible for implanting the watermark. This paper, therefore proposes a fresh technique of marking the colour watermark based on the steerable pyramid transformation, using an Uncorrelated Colour Space (UCS) and Grey Wolf Optimisation (GWO) for the host colour image. The findings indicate that the proposed technique is superior to the other techniques in the class against distinct attacks.

Grey wolf optimisation-based colour image watermarking

In recent years, multimedia information on the internet has increased exponentially and the multiple manipulation instruments can readily manipulate these data. This grows the requirements for a robust watermarking technique to avoid the illicit exchange and allocation of multimedia information and processing, especially for images. Even though the majority images are accessible in colour format, the contemporary digital image watermarking techniques classically embrace the binary or grey watermark in the host image. Furthermore, a correlated colour space that restraint the potentiality of watermarking techniques uses many current techniques for the digital image watermarking, as only single colour channel is accessible for implanting the watermark. This paper, therefore proposes a fresh technique of marking the colour watermark based on the steerable pyramid transformation, using an Uncorrelated Colour Space (UCS) and Grey Wolf Optimisation (GWO) for the host colour image. The findings indicate that the proposed technique is superior to the other techniques in the class against distinct attacks.

Transform Domain Image Watermarking using DCT, DWT and SVD

In the past of years of development of digital communication and network communication technology with increase in transferring documents all over the world, the authenticity and ownership of document is also important and challenging to control. To solve these problems so many techniques evolved which comes under transform domain and spatial domain based watermarking techniques. Most commonly used popular digital image watermarking techniques based on Transform Domain are like Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT), Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT), Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) transformations. But with lot of introduced techniques there must be a standard parameterized study required which compares them individually and explain their actual performance. In this paper, we implement watermarking using Transform Domain based techniques DCT, DWT and SVD and compare them practically on standard parameters like imperceptibility & robustness with use of standard attacks. For the analysis of them we take standard images for implementation of digital image watermarking. All work done in Matlab platform. Experimental result shows the performance quality of DCT, DWT and SVD based watermarking techniques with standard quality parameters.

A fuzzy logic based contrast and edge sensitive digital image watermarking technique

In this paper, a fuzzy logic based digital image watermarking technique is proposed. The contrast and edge values of the host image are analyzed by the fuzzy inference system (FIS) against fuzzy rules and then the FIS evaluates the output which is proposed as the watermarking strength (α) of the image. By varying the contrast and edge values of the host image, the fuzzy logic adjusts the watermarking strength to keep the system performance unchanged which helps to improve imperceptibility of the watermarked image. DWT is performed to divide the cover image and watermark image into sub-bands and the maximum entropy region among the sub-bands is calculated for selecting the embedding location because it is less affected by the image processing attacks. Hence, it makes the scheme more robust than other fuzzy based methods. In the extraction phase, the watermark is recovered from the sub-band where it was embedded. The effectiveness of the algorithm is measured in terms of performance parameters like peak signal to noise ratio and normalized correlation. Experimental results indicate that the fuzzy logic adjusts the watermarking strength to keep the performance parameters unchanged irrespective of the contrast and edge values of the host image.

A Robust Multi-Channel Digital Image Watermarking Technique with SVD, DWT, DCT

International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering (A UGC Approved and indexed with DOI, ICI and Approved, DPI Digital Library) is one of the leading and growing open access, peer-reviewed, monthly, and scientific research journal for scientists, engineers, research scholars, and academicians, which gains a foothold in Asia and opens to the world, aims to publish original, theoretical and practical advances in Computer Science,Information Technology, Engineering (Software, Mechanical, Civil, Electronics & Electrical), and all interdisciplinary streams of Computing Sciences. It intends to disseminate original, scientific, theoretical or applied research in the field of Computer Sciences and allied fields. It provides a platform for publishing results and research with a strong empirical component. It aims to bridge the significant gap between research and practice by promoting the publication of original, novel, industry-relevant research.

An Implementation of Text Hiding in Medical Images based on Graph Coloring for Android Devices

Medical images are representations of highly vulnerable digital images and useful objects that help diagnose a patient. However, it is not easy to maintain the authenticity of a medical image because there are many ways that it can be manipulated. Therefore, several methods have been developed to protect the authenticity of medical images. One way is to add a watermark onto the medical images. However, digital image watermarking techniques are usually widely implemented using software running on a computer. In this paper, the authors built a system to hide the text on medical images using an Android device. The system consists of an embedding and extracting process. In the embedding process, the method used is vector quantization and graph coloring based on a Genetic Algorithm. The test result shows that the scheme has good imperceptibility and a fast enough time consumption to be implemented on an Android device.