Digital Image Processing Software Research Articles

Effect of Fiber Orientation on the Fatigue Behavior of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Specimens by Performing Wedge Splitting Tests and Computed Tomography Scanning

This paper shows the relationship, in steel fiber-reinforced concrete, between fiber orientation and fatigue response through the combined use of computed tomography (CT), digital image processing (DIP) software and wedge splitting test (WST). The WST cubes were extracted from conventional 150 × 150× 600 concrete prisms and a groove and notch were carved on different faces in such a way that in half of the test specimens the fibers are oriented mostly perpendicular to the breaking surface and, in the other half, the fibers are mostly oriented parallel to the breaking surface. Fiber orientation was obtained using a CT device and DIP software from a miniprism extracted from the previously mentioned concrete prisms. The results show that there is a strong correlation between the crack-sewing fiber orientation on the one hand and fatigue life and crack opening rate per cycle on the other hand. Cubes with a higher percentage of fibers perpendicular to the crack surface (i.e., with a higher efficiency index) show a longer fatigue life and a lower crack opening rate per cycle, while cubes with a lower efficiency index show a shorter fatigue life and a higher crack opening rate per cycle.

Identification of Kikuchi lines in electron diffraction patterns collected in small-angle geometry.

It is demonstrated that Kikuchi features become clearly visible if reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns are filtered using digital image processing software. The results of such pattern transformations are shown for SrTiO3 with mixed surface termination for data collected at different azimuths of the incident electron beam. A simplified analytical approach for the theoretical description of filtered Kikuchi patterns is proposed and discussed. Some examples of raw and filtered patterns for thin films are shown. RHEED patterns may be treated as a result of coherent and incoherent scattering of electron waves. The effects of coherent scattering may be considered as those occurring due to wave diffraction by an idealized crystal and, usually, only effects of this type are analysed to obtain structural information on samples investigated with the use of RHEED. However, some incoherent scattering effects mostly caused by thermal vibrations of atoms, known as Kikuchi effects, may also be a source of valuable information on the arrangements of atoms near the surface. Typically, for the case of RHEED, Kikuchi features are hidden in the intensity background and researchers cannot easily recognize them. In this paper, it is shown that the visibility of features of this type can be substantially enhanced using computer graphics methods.

The Determination of Dawn Time through Image Processing Camera

Determining the early time prayer is very fundamental for Muslims as it directly relates to the legal requirements of prayer. Prayers are not performed whenever we want, but rather there is a determination of the beginning and end of the prayer time as a guideline for Muslims to carry it out. The Indonesia government sets standards for Muslims to perform the dawn prayer service, by precisely determining the degree of the emergence of the dawn of Sadiq by -200. This study aims to compare the determination of the government's dawn time using different sensors, specifically drone cameras as image sensors. Drones were chosen due to their several advantages. The data generated by the drone is in the form of photos, which are subsequently processed using digital image processing software, called image-J. The data obtained are in the form of mean and standard deviation. All data collected in 1 day is recorded using Excel to form a graph of data which is then carried out by a polynomial approach to find out the cutoff point as the beginning of the dawn of Sadiq which indicates the start of dawn. The method used in this research is using the 4th order polynomial approach and the Sarrus method and the data obtained is the mean value and standard deviation. The conclusions obtained in the image analysis research are that the government's dawn time is 15 minutes too fast, the standard obtained in this study is -14.98° and unlike 2D SQM data, 3D drone data results in more accurate data analysis.

Thin-layer chromatography quantification of ibuprofen using digital imaging

Ibuprofen is a pharmaceutical that is commonly used to reduce inflammation and to treat headaches. A thin-layer chromatographic method combined with simple and inexpensive digital imaging is proposed for the determination and quantification of ibuprofen. The recommendations of the standard pharmacopoeia were followed with the addition of a minimal spotting method as a local calibration curve (n = 3) and comparison with a spotted sample. Images were acquired using a smartphone and then converted to greyscale using Fiji, an open-source image analysis software. The peak area and density of each spot was then calculated using a densitometric principle. To analyse the present image data, several images were taken with different filters. Using a calibration curve ranging in the range of 3 to 5 mg/mL, linearity could be determined across the subjected images (R2 ranging from 0.984 to 0.996), with a mean accuracy of 99.9 ± 2.20% and RSD of 2.20%. The method studied, using smartphone imaging and open-source software (Fiji), offered a simple and inexpensive application for the quantification of ibuprofen in pharmaceuticals, applicable to preliminary studies and curricula.Graphical abstractMethod proposal for ibuprofen quantification using digital image processing software (Fiji)

PP-JPEG: A Privacy-Preserving JPEG Image-Tampering Localization.

The widespread availability of digital image-processing software has given rise to various forms of image manipulation and forgery, which can pose a significant challenge in different fields, such as law enforcement, journalism, etc. It can also lead to privacy concerns. We are proposing that a privacy-preserving framework to encrypt images before processing them is vital to maintain the privacy and confidentiality of sensitive images, especially those used for the purpose of investigation. To address these challenges, we propose a novel solution that detects image forgeries while preserving the privacy of the images. Our method proposes a privacy-preserving framework that encrypts the images before processing them, making it difficult for unauthorized individuals to access them. The proposed method utilizes a compression quality analysis in the encrypted domain to detect the presence of forgeries in images by determining if the forged portion (dummy image) has a compression quality different from that of the original image (featured image) in the encrypted domain. This approach effectively localizes the tampered portions of the image, even for small pixel blocks of size 10×10 in the encrypted domain. Furthermore, the method identifies the featured image's JPEG quality using the first minima in the energy graph.

R wave peak time and no reflow following primary percutaneous coronary intervention: Immediate and short-term outcomes.

No reflow (NR) remains an important constraint in management of ST elevation myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Most ECG parameters validated till date including ST resolution are postprocedural. R wave peak time (RWPT) is a dynamic parameter and reflects conduction delay in ischaemic myocardium in selected leads supplied by infarct related artery (IRA). The present study was undertaken to see whether preprocedural RWPT per se or RWPT following primary PCI can predict persistence of NR along with immediate and short-term clinical outcome. 200 patients were enrolled after exclusion. Clinical, Biochemical, ECG parameters including RPWT and angiographic parameters (pre- and post-procedure) were recorded. ECG papers was analysed using digital image processing software (http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/). All patients were followed up for 6months. NR was observed in 35% of the patients. Age, Diabetes, symptom to balloon time, higher thrombus burden, peak CPK-MB level (pre and post procedure) were significantly higher in NR group. On ECG analysis, baseline RWPT, QRS duration and pathological Q wave were significantly higher in NR group. On multivariate analysis, age (OR 1.10 CI 1.00-1.21 P=0.04), thrombus grade≥3 in IRA (OR 12.38 CI 2.08-73.58 P=0.006), symptom to balloon time (OR 2.18 CI 1.6-3.0 P<0.001) and baseline RWPT on ECG [OR 1.86 CI 1.24-2.78, P=0.003] were found to be independent predictors of NR. Increase in RWPT following primary PCI was found to both highly sensitive and specific for diagnosing persistence of NR after primary PCI. Follow up at the end of 6months has shown that patients with increased RWPT following primary PCI had worse short-term cardiovascular outcomes compared to those with decreased RWPT following primary PCI. Baseline RWPT is a significant predictor of NR in patients of STEMI undergoing primary PCI. A persistently increased RWPT following primary PCI is also a highly sensitive and specific ECG marker of persistence of NR which is associated with adverse short-term clinical outcome.

Statistical analysis of shoreline change reveals erosion and baseline are increasing off the northern Tamil Nadu Coasts of India

Many tourists have been recently attracted towards the coasts around the world, especially to the large urban centres and economically significant areas. In the last four decades, there is a significant increase in the key coastal developments and tourist's attractions like major ports, minor ports, fishing harbours, desalination plants, shore protection structures, and many more along the southeast coasts of India, in particular, northern Tami Nadu coastal stretches. The shoreline change study of these regions were carried out using the geospatial technologies (satellite remote sensing and geographical information system) to examine potential modifications occurred during the last 32years between March 1990 and May 2022. This study used Landsat satellite images of spatial resolution 30m to track the shoreline changes which was extracted using the Digital Image Processing software and techniques. In addition, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) developed Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) v5.2 software, an add-on tool to ArcGIS used for the statistical analysis to compute the shoreline rate of change. The linear regression rate (LRR) and end point rate (EPR) statistics were used to identify the eroding, accreting, and stable shoreline between Kattupalli coast and Kalpakkam coast of the northern Tamil Nadu coasts. This shoreline study of 106km was carried out by dividing it into six zones (zone 1 to zone 6), and the DSAS analysis conveys that the shoreline of zone 1 (Kattupalli) and zone 2 (Ennore) shows erosion compared to other four zones. In locations where the coast is vulnerable, national mitigation measures must be implemented.

Red cabbage extract-mediated colorimetric sensor for swift, sensitive and economic detection of urease-positive bacteria by naked eye and Smartphone platform

The bacterial pathogens have caused various serious infectious diseases in the human body, and even some threats to human life by leading to deaths. Enterobacteriaceae species especially urease positive ones, Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), show resistance to antibiotics and cause respiratory and urinary tract infections. We have developed natural indicator-incorporated colorimetric urease tests with a naked eye and smartphone readout to rapidly, sensitively and economically detect P. mirabilis and K. pneumoniae. We utilized anthocyanin found as a predominant component in red cabbage (Brassica oleracea) extract as a natural pH indicator instead of toxic and synthetic indicators. As a mechanistic explanation for the detection of P. mirabilis and K. pneumoniae, urease enzymes secreted from the P. mirabilis and K. pneumoniae hydrolyze urea to produce ammonia (NH3), which increases the pH value of the reaction environment and leads to deprotonation from anthocyanins. The changes in the molecular structure and electronic structure of anthocyanins are responsible for revealing many different colors. We demonstrated how some reaction parameters including the concentration of the bacteria (colony-forming unit, CFU), the concentration of anthocyanin in the tests, initial color and pH values (pHs) of the tests influence their detection performance. We further developed a 3D-printed smartphone platform with smartphone based digital image processing software to improve the detection limit and shorten the detection time. We claim that natural indicator-incorporated rapid urease tests providing colorimetric readout evaluated by the human eye and smartphone imaging processing has great potential in practical use and they can be implemented in clinics.

Traditional vs. Automated Computer Image Analysis-A Comparative Assessment of Use for Analysis of Digital SEM Images of High-Temperature Ceramic Material.

Image analysis is a powerful tool that can be applied in scientific research, industry, and everyday life, but still, there is more room to use it in materials science. The interdisciplinary cooperation between materials scientists and computer scientists can unlock the potential of digital image analysis. Traditional image analysis used in materials science, manual or computer-aided, permits for the quantitative assessment of the coexisting components at the cross-sections, based on stereological law. However, currently used cutting-edge tools for computer image analysis can greatly speed up the process of microstructure analysis, e.g., via simultaneous extraction of quantitative data of all phases in an SEM image. The dedicated digital image processing software Aphelion was applied to develop an algorithm for the automated image analysis of multi-phase high-temperature ceramic material. The algorithm recognizes each phase and simultaneously calculates its quantity. In this work, we compare the traditional stereology-based methods of image analysis (linear and planimetry) to the automated method using a developed algorithm. The analysis was performed on a digital SEM microstructural image of high-temperature ceramic material from the Cu-Al-Fe-O system, containing four different phase components. The results show the good agreement of data obtained by classical stereology-based methods and the developed automated method. This presents an opportunity for the fast extraction of both qualitative and quantitative from the SEM images.

Anatomical dimensions and variances of the foramen ovale in adult human skulls

Background/Aim: The foramen ovale (FO) is very important in neurosurgical approaches; however, studies and developments in the literature report that no definite consensus about the cannulation of the FO is available. Therefore, more morphometric information concerning the FO is needed in addition to the previously defined morphological and morphometric features. The aim of this study was to compare the features of the foramen ovale stated in the literature and to analyze the topographic relationship between the FO and the anatomical structures around it to determine its precise location. Methods: The study included 70 sides from 35 dry skulls of unknown age and gender. Skulls with any deformity or pathology that would affect the measurements were not included in the study. All skulls were placed in the horizontal plane with the external occipital protuberance facing posteriorly, the piriform aperture facing anteriorly, and the skull base pointing upwards at a 90° angle after which it was photographed vertically with the length scale. A Nikon D5300 Digital Camera was used for the photography, and digital image processing software (Image J) was used for foramen ovale measurements. In addition, the shape of the foramen ovale was classified as oval, almond, D-shaped, slit-shaped, round, and irregular. SPSS 21.0 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The mean anteroposterior diameter length of the FO was 6.144 mm, and the transverse diameter length was 2.885 mm. When the distribution of the shape of the FO was examined, oval and almond shapes were most common shapes (34.29%). In addition, round (12.85%), D-shaped (10%), and slit-shaped (8.57%) were obtained. According to Pearson’s correlation analysis, the highest correlation was between the distance from the carotid canal to the foramen ovale and the shortest distance from the foramen ovale to the midline (FO-CC and the FO-ML, respectively; r = 0.427). Conclusion: The morphology of the FO is important in terms of surgical and interventional approaches. In the literature, no significant differences between the right and left sides for the foramen ovale were found in contrast to our study. When the FO shape percentages were examined in most previous studies, it was seen that most of them were oval. In this study, the ratios of oval and almond shapes were the same. Morphometric measurements can give different results in every race due to the structure of the bones, which may vary according to the population. We think that presenting data on the Turkish population in this study will set an example for conducting future studies.

A NEW CONCEPT OF ZONAL AND SEGMENTAL STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN KIDNEY

To date, there is no single point of view on the lobar, zonal and segmental structure of the arterial tree of the kidney. There is no generally accepted approach in determining the signs by which the kidney is divided into lobes and/or segments. There is still a discussion regarding the division of the renal artery to daughter branches. The aim of the study was to establish variants of individual anatomical variability of the intra-organ arterial bed of the kidney, taking into account zonal and segmental topography. 116 corrosive preparations of the arterial system of the human kidney were studied. In 3D projections, the number of arterial vessels in the hilum of the kidney, topographic and anatomical features of the trunks of the renal arteries in the hilum of the kidney, variants of division of the renal arteries, zones of local blood supply to areas of the substance of the kidney, depending on the variants of division of the renal artery into branches of the 2nd and 3rd orders. The study was carried out using digital visualization methods, digital image processing and appropriate software. As a result, it was found that the renal artery can be divided into two (two-zonal system of blood supply to the kidney) and three (three-zone system of blood supply to the kidney) zonal arteries. In the case of a bizonal system, the renal artery divides into ventral and dorsal branches (54,2% of cases), as well as superior polar and inferior polar zonal branches (15,5% of cases). In the case of a three-zone system, the following options for the division of the renal artery have been established. The first option - on the upper polar, ventral and dorsal zonal branches (in 13,3% of cases); 2nd option - on the ventral, dorsal and lower polar zonal branches (in 9,4% of cases); 3rd variant - on two ventral and one dorsal zonal branches (in 5,1% of cases) and 4th variant on the superior pole, central and inferior pole zonal arteries (in 2,5% of cases). The results of the study convincingly indicate the need to revise the widespread idea of ​​the five-segment structure of the human kidney.

Image processing analysis to determine fajr time using the imagej application

The issue of determining the time of prayer is very fundamental because it is one of the pillars so that the worship of a Muslim is accepted. The government has set a standard for carrying out the dawn prayer, namely by determining the degree of appearance of the dawn of shodiq at -20 degrees. This study aims to compare the initial determination of the government's dawn time using different sensors, namely drones as image sensors, drones were chosen because they have several advantages. The resulting data is in the form of photos and then the photo data is processed using digital image processing software, namely imagej. The data from imagej processing are in the form of mean and standard deviation, all data are then recapitulated using Microsoft excel and plotted so as to form data which is then carried out by a polynomial approach to determine the cutoff point as an early indicator of the entry of dawn. The method used in this study is using a qualitative analysis method with a polynomial 5 approach. The conclusion obtained in this study is that the government's dawn time is 21 minutes faster, the standard used in this study is a DIP of -13.95 degrees and unlike the 2D SQM. 3D drone data results in more accurate data analysis and is not easy to manipulate because it can be verified with photo data.

Learning-based classification of multispectral images for deterioration mapping of historic structures

The conservation of historic structures requires detailed knowledge of their state of preservation. Documentation of deterioration makes it possible to identify risk factors and interpret weathering mechanisms. It is usually performed using non-destructive methods such as mapping of surface features. The automated mapping of deterioration is a direction not often explored, especially when the investigated architectural surfaces present a multitude of deterioration forms and consist of heterogeneous materials, which significantly complicates the generation of thematic decay maps. This work combines reflectance imaging and supervised segmentation, based on machine learning methods, to automatically segment deterioration patterns on multispectral image composites, using a weathered historic fortification as a case study. Several spectral band combinations and image classification techniques (regression, decision tree, and ensemble learning algorithmic implementations) are evaluated to propose an accurate approach. The automated thematic mapping facilitates the spatial and semantic description of the deterioration patterns. Furthermore, the utilization of low-cost photographic equipment and easily operable digital image processing software adds to the practicality and agility of the presented methodology.

Mapping and Classification of Use Only in the Municipality of Ulianópolis-PA: Dynamics of the Landscape in the Hydrographic Micro-basin of the Cabeludo River

The search for economic development, in its most varied production models, anthropic actions have caused great environmental impacts, changing the environment and consequently causing environmental risks in different ways. In this sense, this work aimed to map the use and occupation of land through the spatial temporal dynamics of the hydrographic landscape of the Rio Cabeludo, in the municipality of Ulianópolis - PA, using integrated techniques of remote sensing and geoprocessing. Through the images, the supervised classification of the area was carried out, using the ENVI software for digital image processing and ArcGIS software for the elaboration of the thematic map. Some classes were investigated, such as urban area, exposed soil, temporary tillage, permanent tillage, dense vegetation, scrub, pasture, hydrography, cloud, shade, it is noteworthy that not all classes were repeated in the analyzed period. The evaluation of the studied area showed that there were significant changes in some classes. The identified classes reflect the dynamics of agricultural activity and not commercial plantation areas or large tracts of land. The work showed the possibility and importance of using geoprocessing techniques to monitor the territory and manage the environment, enabling better forms of land occupation and use of natural resources.

Overlay Videos for Quick and Accurate Watermark Identification, Comparison, and Matching: Creating and Using Overlay Videos

Identifying, comparing, and matching watermarks in pre-machine-made papers has occupied scholars of prints and drawings for some time. One popular but arduous approach is to overlay, either manually or digitally, an image of the watermark in question with its presumed match from a known source. For example, a newly discovered watermark in a Rembrandt print might be compared to a similar one reproduced in Erik Hinterding’s Rembrandt as an Etcher (2006). Such an overlay can confirm the pair as identical, i.e., as moldmates, or reveal their differences. But creating an accurate overlay for two images with different scales, orientations, or resolutions using standard image-manipulation tools can be time consuming and, ultimately, unsuccessful. Part One of this article describes advances in the emerging field of computational art history, specifically the development of digital image processing software, that can be used to semi-automatically create a reliable animated overlay of two watermarks, regardless of their relative “comparability.” Watermarks found in the prints of Rembrandt van Rijn (1606–1669) are used in three case studies to demonstrate the efficacy of user-generated overlay videos. Part Two discusses how searching for identical watermarks, i.e., moldmates, can be enhanced through the application of a new suite of software programs that exploit the data calculated during the creation of user-generated animated overlays. This novel watermark identification procedure allows for rapid, confident watermark searches with minimal user effort, given the existence of a pre-marked library of watermarks. Using a pre-marked library of Foolscap with Five-Pointed Collar watermarks, four case studies present different categories of previously undocumented matches 1) among Rembrandt’s prints; 2) between prints by Rembrandt and another artist, in this case Jan Gillisz van Vliet (1600/10–1668); and 3) between selected Rembrandt prints and contemporaneous Dutch historical documents.

The challenge of applying digital image processing software on intraoral radiographs for osteoporosis risk assessment.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate rater agreement and the accuracy of a semi-automated software and its fully automated tool for osteoporosis risk assessment in intraoral radiographs. A total of 567 intraoral radiographs was selected retrospectively from women aged 75-80 years participating in a large population-based study (SUPERB) based in Gothenburg, Sweden. Five raters assessed participants' risk of osteoporosis in the intraoral radiographs using a semi-automated software. Assessments were repeated after 4 weeks on 121 radiographs (20%) randomly selected from the original 567. Radiographs were also assessed by the softwares' fully automated tool for analysis. Overall interrater agreement for the five raters was 0.37 (95% CI 0.32-0.41), and for the five raters with the fully automated tool included as 'sixth rater' the overall Kappa was 0.34 (0.30-0.38). Intrarater agreement varied from moderate to substantial according to the Landis and Koch interpretation scale. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated in relation to reference standard for osteoporosis diagnosis which is T-score values for spine, total hip and femoral neck and presented in form of sensitivities, specificities, predictive values, likelihood ratios and odds ratios. All raters' mean sensitivity, including the fully automated tool, was 40,4% (range 14,3%-57,6%). Corresponding values for specificity was 69,5% (range 59,7%-90,4%). The diagnostic odds ratios ranged between 1 and 2.7. The low diagnostic odds ratio and agreement between raters in osteoporosis risk assessment using the software for analysis of the trabecular pattern in intraoral radiographs shows that more work needs to be done to optimise the automation of trabecular pattern analysis in intraoral radiographs.

Urban Expansion and Vegetation Cover Change in and Around Jimma Town Since 1990

Urbanization is the renovation of rural society into an urban society as a result of socio-economic and political growth leading to foundation and expansion of urban agglomerations along with changing land use patterns. The main aims of this study was Investigating the extent of vegetation loss through urban expansion in and around Jimma Town over a 30 period of 6 years interval by using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques. To achieve this objectives, Data was obtained from earth explorer (USGS) 6 years interval from1990 to 2020 of the study area. Downloaded image were extracted and each layer stacked together using the digital image-processing software ENVI 5.2. The Processed images were classified using supervised classification Algorithms into 5 hierarchical classes; Built-up area, Vegetation, Agricultural land, Grass land, and wetlands based on a modified classification scheme. Change analysis was also undertaken by applying post-classification change detection procedures. Accuracy of the image classification was assessed using error matrix, overall accuracy and kappa coefficient. The change analysis result revealed that the LULC have shown both positive and negative significant changes. Built-up were the top LULC that experienced positive change; whereas grass land, vegetation, agricultural land and wetlands have substantially declined. An important implication of the observed changes is that rapid urban expansion, compounded by poor urban planning is leading to enormous losses of key ecosystems such as wetlands and natural vegetation. The consequence of this rapid ecological degradation could potentially impact ecological functioning and environmental sustainability in and around Jimma city. Therefore, critical system thinking is required to address these complex problems in the study area and areas of rapid urbanization elsewhere in the country. Keywords : Image classification, Land use/cover, Remote sensing, GIS, Change detection DOI: 10.7176/JEES/11-16-02 Publication date: June 30 th 2021

Digital Image Forensic Approach to Counter the JPEG Anti-Forensic Attacks

Rapid advancement in digital image processing tools and software's has made it extremely simple to manipulate the digital images without leaving any footprints. It becomes a hot issue about the security and threat to society with increasing growth of social media. JPEG compression format has been widely used in most of the digital cameras. The investigation of JPEG compression footprints can play an important role in image tampering detection. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to detect the JPEG compression. The proposed forensic scheme comprises of two steps i.e. selection of target difference image and generation of second-order statistical features by evaluating the Markov Transition Probability Matrices (MTPMs) for both intra and inter-block DCT domain. Finally, the resultant feature is used to train the SVM classifier for classification purposes. The experiment results on UCID and BOSSBase datasets show that the proposed forensic technique based on MTPM is capable of detecting the JPEG compression traces even in the presence of anti-forensic attacks.

Modeling and Prediction of Electrospun Fiber Morphology using Artificial Intelligence Techniques

This study presents the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to predict the morphology of nanofibers produced by needless electrospinning method. Two straight and parallel copper wire electrodes electrospinning method was used to produce nanofibers. Using digital image processing software Image Journal, Mean Nanofiber Diameter (MFD) and Nanofiber Diameter Standard Deviation (NFSD) have been measured and recorded. Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS), Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and Gene Expression Programming (GEP) methods were used for prediction of electrospun nanofiber morphology. Prediction results and experimental were compared. It was found that SVMs model has better predictive power in comparison with both ANFIS and Gene Expression Programming models. However, results provided by both GEP and ANFIS are also acceptable. The relative importance of process parameters as contributor to the nanofiber morphology was also investigated. It was found that nanofiber morphology was strongly or weakly dependent on processing parameters.

Study of Land-use Change Monitoring in the Rawa Sei Seluang Irrigation Area and Belawang Irrigation Area, Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan Province

Food security is a basic need of each country including Indonesia, whose population is increasing rapidly is not proportional to the growth in productivity of agricultural land, especially paddy fields. Swamp Irrigation Area (DIR) which was originally designed for a rice field block area program in the early opening of transmigration land outside Java, especially in the area of Barito Kuala District, South Kalimantan Province, in fact, has now turned into rubber plantations and oil palm plantations, both managed by the community or company. The study of monitoring land-use change is very important in relation to food security programs, where the change of function or land-use changes is currently developing very rapidly in line with the level of needs and population growth. Therefore, the study of monitoring land-use change needs to be carried out as a-monitoring and also to find out in land-use change. The rice field in Sei Seluang DIR has 37.72 % from 3,297 ha the total area and rice filed in Belawang DIR have 7.45 % from 5,257 ha the total area. Satellite imagery as a monitoring tool or land-use monitoring study is very suitable because in addition to covering a fairly large area, information detail both in terms of pixel resolution and temporal resolution are now getting better in line with technological advancements, including advances in digital image processing software.