Digital Expert Research Articles

Developing Digital Fluency in Early Education: Narratives of Elementary School Teachers

In this qualitative phenomenological investigation, the experiences, coping strategies, and educational perspectives of eight elementary school teachers in Caraga North District, Division of Davao Oriental were explored as they foster digital fluency in early education. Identified themes from their experiences included difficulty in acquiring digital equipment, balanced screen time, and cultivated curiosity and exploration. Coping mechanisms employed by teachers involved enhancing digital skills, establishing partnership with the digital expert, and attending professional development and training. Educational insights encompassed tailoring an age-appropriate technology integration, fostering digital citizenship, and enhancing critical thinking skills. These findings underscore the diverse experiences and competencies required by teachers in imparting relevant digital knowledge to learners. Additionally, delving into teachers' experiences not only contributes to a nuanced comprehension of modern teaching demands but also offers valuable insights for both educators and educational institutions, potentially leading to enhancements in classroom management and teaching strategies in early education.

Scoping review: Technology‐based nursing interventions for urinary incontinence for individuals 65 years and older

AbstractTo review and summarize the available evidence on technology‐based nursing interventions for urinary incontinence. Scoping review. A review of english and German research articles published up to April 2024 examining nursing interventions in older people (> = 65 years) was conducted. Studies were retrieved by searching the Medline electronic database via PubMed and CINAHL database. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The review followed the updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews published in 2020. Eight studies and three different types of interventions based on digital technologies were identified: sensor‐based interventions, app‐based interventions and computer‐based digital expert systems. The interventions showed positive and no effects. The studies showed a high variety in terms of study designs, settings, measurement instruments, measured outcomes and were consequently not comparable. The current research density is too low to recommend interventions. Therefore, more high‐quality studies are needed. Studies should be designed to be comparable, if possible. The definition of a core outcome set is therefore indicated. There is a research gap that should be closed by high‐quality and comparable studies so that patients can benefit from evidence‐based incontinence care in the future. Defining core outcomes can help to better compare future studies. Technology‐based interventions should be investigated specifically for older people in the future as, in addition to the potential for improved incontinence care, they also have the potential to reduce the burden on caregivers and conserve staff resources. No patient or public contribution.

Evaluation method with digital expert on the criticality of car-following scenarios for autonomous vehicles testing

Evaluation of autonomous vehicles is one of the major challenges before they can be released. Due to the advantages in efficiency, cost, and safety, scenario-based simulation methods have recently received great attention. Even so, as the complexity and uncertainty exist in the real driving environment, the scenarios that autonomous vehicles may encounter are infinite. Therefore, it is necessary to classify simulation scenarios according to their criticality. It contributes to accelerating the evaluation processes. This paper presents a novel criticality evaluation method, based on a proposed Digital Expert, for car-following autonomous driving. The Digital Expert acts as the evaluator to evaluate the criticality of scenarios depending on their driving performance. Driving performance refers to the achieved degree of driving intentions. Firstly, a Digital Expert is established as the evaluator for the criticality of the scenario using the inverse reinforcement learning method. Then, based on the fact that the intention of Digital Expert is to maximize its internal reward function, the reward function is used to evaluate driving performance. Finally, calculating the criticality of the car-following scenario according to the mapping relationship between driving performance and criticality. Using the driving data in the NGSIM data set, this paper generates two groups of simulated car-following scenarios and evaluates the criticalities of the two scenarios. The experimental results show that the proposed criticality evaluation method can reasonably evaluate the criticality of car-following scenarios.

Concept Paper for a Digital Expert: Systematic Derivation of (Causal) Bayesian Networks Based on Ontologies for Knowledge-Based Production Steps

Despite increasing digitalization and automation, complex production processes often require human judgment/decision-making adaptability. Humans can abstract and transfer knowledge to new situations. People in production are an irreplaceable resource. This paper presents a new concept for digitizing human expertise and their ability to make knowledge-based decisions in the production area based on ontologies and causal Bayesian networks for further research. Dedicated approaches for the ontology-based creation of Bayesian networks exist in the literature. Therefore, we first comprehensively analyze previous studies and summarize the approaches. We then add the causal perspective, which has often not been an explicit subject of consideration. We see a research gap in the systematic and structured approach to ontology-based generation of causal graphs (CGs). At the current state of knowledge, the semantic understanding of a domain formalized in an ontology can contribute to developing a generic approach to derive a CG. The ontology functions as a knowledge base by formally representing knowledge and experience. Causal inference calculations can mathematically imitate the human decision-making process under uncertainty. Therefore, a systematic ontology-based approach to building a CG can allow digitizing the human ability to make decisions based on experience and knowledge.

Physicians' and Patients' Expectations From Digital Agents for Consultations: Interview Study Among Physicians and Patients.

Physicians are currently overwhelmed by administrative tasks and spend very little time in consultations with patients, which hampers health literacy, shared decision-making, and treatment adherence. This study aims to examine whether digital agents constructed using fast-evolving generative artificial intelligence, such as ChatGPT, have the potential to improve consultations, adherence to treatment, and health literacy. We interviewed patients and physicians to obtain their opinions about 3 digital agents-a silent digital expert, a communicative digital expert, and a digital companion (DC). We conducted in-depth interviews with 25 patients and 22 physicians from a purposeful sample, with the patients having a wide age range and coming from different educational backgrounds and the physicians having different medical specialties. Transcripts of the interviews were deductively coded using MAXQDA (VERBI Software GmbH) and then summarized according to code and interview before being clustered for interpretation. Statements from patients and physicians were categorized according to three consultation phases: (1) silent and communicative digital experts that are part of the consultation, (2) digital experts that hand over to a DC, and (3) DCs that support patients in the period between consultations. Overall, patients and physicians were open to these forms of digital support but had reservations about all 3 agents. Ultimately, we derived 9 requirements for designing digital agents to support consultations, treatment adherence, and health literacy based on the literature and our qualitative findings.

How Do Consumers Interact with Digital Expert Advice? Experimental Evidence from Health Insurance

Consumers increasingly use digital advice when making purchasing decisions. How do such tools change consumer behavior and what types of consumers are likely to use them? We examine these questions with a randomized controlled trial of digital expert advice in the context of prescription drug insurance. The intervention we study was effective at changing consumer choices. We propose that, conceptually, expert advice can affect consumer choices through two distinct channels: by updating consumer beliefs about product features (learning) and by influencing how much consumers value product features (interpretation). Using our trial data to estimate a model of consumer demand, we find that both channels are quantitatively important. Digital expert advice tools not only provide consumers with information, but also alter how consumers value product features. For example, consumers are willing to pay 14% less for a plan with the most popular brand and 37% less for an extra star rating when they incorporate digital expert advice on plan choice relative to only having information about product features. Further, we document substantial selection into the use of digital advice on two margins. Consumers who are inherently less active shoppers and those who we predict would have responded to advice more were less likely to demand it. Our results raise concerns regarding the ability of digital advice to alter consumer preferences as well as the distributional implications of greater access to digital expert advice. This paper was accepted by Stefan Scholtes, healthcare management. Funding: This work was supported by the National Institute on Aging [Grant K01AG059843] and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute [Grant CDR-1306-03598]. The project also received financial support from Stanford Innovation Funds. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.02453 .

Computation of a probabilistic uranium concentration map of Norway: A digital expert elicitation approach employing random forests and artificial neural networks

We compute the first probabilistic uranium concentration map of Norway. Such a map can support mineral exploration, geochemical mapping, or the assessment of the health risk to the human population. We employ multiple non-linear regression to fill the information gaps in sparse airborne and ground-borne uranium data sets. We mimic an expert elicitation by employing Random Forests and Multi-layer Perceptrons as digital agents equally qualified to find regression models. In addition to the regression, we use supervised classification to produce conservative and alarmistic classified maps outlining regions with different potential for the local occurrence of uranium concentration extremes. Embedding the introduced digital expert elicitation in a Monte Carlo approach we compute an ensemble of plausible uranium concentrations maps of Norway discretely quantifying the uncertainty resulting from the choice of the regression algorithm and the chosen parametrization of the used regression algorithms. We introduce digitated glyphs to visually integrate all computed maps and their associated uncertainties in a loss-free manner to fully communicate our probabilistic results to map perceivers. A strong correlation between mapped geology and uranium concentration is found, which could be used to optimize future sparse uranium concentration sampling to lower extrapolation components in future map updates.

Digital tools as experts in international peace and security

Abstract Over the past decades, knowledge about peace and security has become increasingly mediated and co-produced with and through digital objects such as databases, indicators, apps, big data and data analysis algorithms. Only recently has the literature begun to recognize this. This article addresses the gap in the literature by exploring the centrality of digital objects' design in their emergence as experts in relation to international peace and security practices. By centering the politics of design, we contribute to broader debates on the effects of technology for who/what is considered an expert in contemporary international policy. Through a material-semiotic analysis of the UN SanctionsApp and the Security Assistance Monitor database, and semi-structured interviews with creators and users, we show how the normative goal of inclusion is inscribed into digital artifacts and translated into use. These cases were selected based on their inclusion of relevant state and nonstate actors into policy decisions, and our findings suggest that usage and material infrastructures play an important role in how this purpose is advanced. We shed light onto how digital expert objects produce actionable knowledge via the web of relations implicated in their production and highlight the importance of practitioners' participation in the making of such objects.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE CHAIN OF CUSTODY OF EXPERT EVIDENCE IN DIGITAL AND DIGITIZED PROCESSES IN THE CIVIL SPHERE

The research will bring an approach to the importance and problem of the non-existence or breaking of the chain of custody of evidence in civil procedure law, especially in digital or digitized expert evidence. It will demonstrate the need to implement and program together with civil procedural procedures an educational culture to demonstrate the need for the existence of the chain of custody of the traces, from the moment that all documentation enters the court secretariat, when it goes to the hands of the auxiliaries of justice – expert and attorney – until its return to the procedural records, to finally reach the judicial appreciation. Such acts are necessary to guarantee the transparency, fairness and integrity of the evidence, granting the broader right of defense regulated by the Federal Constitution. It will present at first a general conceptual approach. For the development of the work, documentary research, articles in the area and other bibliographies within the theme were used. Making sure that there is an enormous weakness in security with digital evidence in the civil procedural context, making the existence of a chain of custody necessary. Finally, it is worth noting the importance of implementing the chain of custody, together with the organizational culture to adapt a new way of functioning for the preservation of digital expert evidence in the civil sphere.

Comprehension problems that jurors encounter with expert evidence in online child pornography trials

ABSTRACT Over the last two decades, there has been a massive world-wide increase in the prosecution of charges of possessing online pornography. Digital expert evidence is relied upon in such prosecutions in order to satisfy the charge element of ‘possession’. Little is known about the effectiveness of such expert evidence in proving that the defendant’s computer contained such offensive material. This article provides a qualitative analysis of how effective such expert evidence is by analysing three illustrative contemporary Australian online pornography trials where the authors interviewed some of the jurors and other trial participants about their perceptions of the digital expert evidence. We found that jurors had difficulty with the way some experts presented information rather than the complexity of the information. Practical suggestions to improve digital expert evidence are discussed, including the need for more and better use of visual aids.

Applied implementation of digital expert systems in the process of planning and designing repair and insulation works in oil wells

During the operation of producing oil and gas wells, oil from formations is extracted together with water. In the case of a significant water cut in a well it is economically feasible and technologically necessary to carry out geological and technical actions (GTA) with the aim to reduce the water cut - repair and isolation works (RIW). Designing actions for RIW is associated with a analysis of the reasons of increase of water cut and the development of methods for eliminating the identified problem. The use of expert systems makes it possible to implement an integrated approach to the design of actions for RIW with a choice of necessary compositions, and designs of works, taking into different processes. Keywords: expert system; repair and insulation works; optimization; design.

Abstract 5156: Multiplexed EGFR mutation detection with C797S and T790M allelic context using six-color digital PCR

Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring activating mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are benefited from Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) targeted therapy. However, more than 50% of patients receiving the first or second generations of TKI develop a resistance mutation, EGFR-T790M, and they will need to switch to the third-generation TKI (Osimertinib). Upon treatment, a second acquired mutation, EGFR-C797S, leads to the resistance to Osimertinib. If the C797S and T790M mutations are located in trans, a combination of the first and third-generation of TKI(s) may offer some benefit to the patient. The impact of the allelic context to the subsequent treatment is yet to be established and thus an assay identifying C797S and T790M allelic context may serve as a useful research tool. In recent years, digital PCR has emerged to be an ultra-sensitive method in non-invasive identification and monitoring of cancer mutations. However, compared to qPCR and NGS methods, current digital PCR assays are limited by the number of biomarkers that can be incorporated in a single assay and the maximum sample volume that can be screened in one test. In this study, we describe a multiplex digital PCR assay for quantitative detection of EGFR sensitizing and resistance mutations, and identification of C797S and T790M allelic context, using a 6-color digital PCR system that allows high sample volume utilization. The sensitivity and specificity of this multiplex dPCR assay were tested using a panel of contrived cell-free DNA samples. Individual mutations can be detected at as low as 0.2% fractional abundance level. Furthermore, we compared the performance of the multiplex with the 2-color droplet digital PCR Expert Design Assays on the Bio-Rad QX200 ddPCR system, using a commercial multiplex cfDNA reference standard set. The multiplexed EGFR mutation assay on the 6-color Digital LightCycler® System is a promising method for rapid and sensitive monitoring of EGFR mutations in cell-free DNA. Citation Format: Wei Yang, Mari Christensen, Jennifer K. Chan, Julie Tsai, Nancy Patten, Ha B. Tran, Grant R. Hillman, Yu Chuan Tai, Patrick Bogard, Claudia M. Litterst, Victoria H. Brophy, Nick Newton, Christopher D. Nelson, Wouter J. Pattje. Multiplexed EGFR mutation detection with C797S and T790M allelic context using six-color digital PCR [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5156.

Digital Library System Development To Improve The Ten Top Skills Of Biology Education Students

Library as a storage room books that are kept on a regular basis to be read and studied or used as reference material. Advances in digital technology have changed many things, one of which is in the world of education where technology is used in the library field which can build many skills. Advances in technology advances in digital technology are utilized in the field of libraries which can build many skills. In developing skills, the top ten skills include Cognitive Flexibility. Cognitive Flexibility is the ability to think and align cognitive strategy processes in dealing with new and unexpected situations. The research method used is Research and Development with a 4D model approach. The subjects in this study were students of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Samudra University in semesters V and VII. The results of the digital library IT expert validation test where Accessibility has a score of 92%, while the lowest, navigability and copyright have a score of 50%. While the validation of the librarian's ease of reading and storing has 88% while the inventory suitability is 50%. While the practicality test for users is 75%. This is because there is still a need for more in-depth development in increasing the collection of various books in the Biology education study program at Samudra University

High-resolution compressed sensing time-of-flight MR angiography outperforms CT angiography for evaluating patients with Moyamoya disease after surgical revascularization

BackgroundTo evaluate the utility of high-resolution compressed sensing time-of-fight MR angiography (CS TOF-MRA) for assessing patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) after surgical revascularization, by comparison with computer tomography angiography (CTA).MethodsTwenty patients with MMD after surgical revascularizations who underwent CS TOF-MRA and CTA were collected. The scan time of CS TOF-MRA was 5 min and 4 s, with a reconstructed resolution of 0.4 × 0.4 × 0.4 mm3. Visualization of superficial temporal artery and middle cerebral artery (STA–MCA) bypass, neovascularization into the brain pial surface and Moyamoya vessels (MMVs) were independently ranked by two neuroradiologists on CS TOF-MRA and CTA, respectively. The patency of anastomosis was assessed as patent or occluded, using digital subtraction angiography and expert’s consensus as ground truth. Interobserver agreement was calculated using the weighted kappa statistic. Wilcoxon signed-rank or Chi-square test was performed to investigate diagnostic difference between CS TOF-MRA and CTA.ResultsTwenty-two hemispheres from 20 patients were analyzed. The inter-reader agreement for evaluating STA–MCA bypass, neovascularization and anastomosis patency was good to excellent (κCS TOF-MRA, 0.738–1.000; κCTA, 0.743–0.909). The STA–MCA bypass and MMVs were better visualized on CS TOF-MRA than CTA (both P < 0.05). CS TOF-MRA had a higher sensitivity than CTA (94.7% vs. 73.7%) for visualizing anastomoses. Neovascularization was better observed in 13 (59.1%) sides on CS TOF-MRA, in comparison to 7 (31.8%) sides on CTA images (P = 0.005).ConclusionHigh-resolution CS TOF-MRA outperforms CTA for visualization of STA–MCA bypass, neovascularization and MMVs within a clinically reasonable time in MMD patients after revascularization.

MENAKAR STRATEGI GOVINDA SPORT MENYIKAPI PERUBAHAN PERILAKU KONSUMEN DARI KONVENSIONAL KE ONLINE SHOPPING

The purpose of this study is to determine the right strategy in dealing with changes in consumer behavior from conventional to online shopping, conducted at Govinda Sport Denpasar. This research uses qualitative methods with descriptive approach. Data collected through in-depth interviews and using Zoom. The informans were determined by purposive sampling. The results show that online shopping provides time efficiency, more product variants and better communication however, consumer cannot see physical condition of the goods directly and the risk of goods being damaged during delivery. Govinda Sport has implemented Marketing Mix strategy in conventional and online stores but the profit obtained from online business are still far less, this is due to the low level of sales and there is no staff who have expertise in digital marketing. The management should hire digital marketing expert, doing promotions on Instagram and encouraging consumers to purchase through online store in marketplace.&#x0D; Keywords: consumer behavior, marketing strategies, online shopping, marketing mix

APPLE AND PEAR SCAB ONTOLOGY

An important issue in horticulture is ensuring plant disease, such as scab, prevention and treatment. Apple and pear are among the most widely grown (approximately 43% of all fruit tree area [1]) and economically important fruit crops specified worldwide and in Latvia. Scab diseases caused by ascomycetous fungi Venturia inaequalis and V.pyrina are economically the most important diseases worldwide. Research projects have produced research data covering various aspects of plant-pathogen interactions, but there is no internal linkage analysis, as well as implementation of other types of data (such as environmental and meteorological data, etc.). Establishing such a data integration system would allow the identification of new regularities in plant-pathogen interactions, and provide mechanisms for disease control decisions. Semantic analysis is one of information technology approaches to finding relationships in data. The product of analysis is ontology. There are plant disease ontologies which provide classification of diseases and describe their reasons. However, there is no ontology which describes a specific plant and relations among its farming parameters and disease probability. Such an ontology for apple and pear scab is presented in this paper. The constructed ontology can be applied to develop guidelines or digital expert systems.

Development of Anecdote Text Teaching Material Based on Moral Value

The purpose of this study was to obtain anecdote digital teaching materials for senior high school students. The object of this research is the anecdote texts. The method used is the method of research and development. This research using ADDIE Development which consist of five steps: the analysis, the design, the development, the implementation, and the evaluation, the development product of this research is a digital teaching materials for anecdote text, including the text, the structure, the language, and the value. The study begins with a descriptive analysis of the anecdote text, namely the structure, language, and value. Meanwhile, the discourse study includes critical discourse analysis. From this study, anecdote text teaching materials for senior high schools were developed through validation and due diligence. The instrument of validations that has been developed validated by the experts and teachers including the Indonesian language teacher expert and digital media expert. The results of this research are anecdote text digital teaching material can be used as the basis for anecdote text teaching materials for learning. Anecdote teaching material can be developed into digital teaching materials and based on the validation test of Indonesian language teachers and experts, the teaching materials can be categorized as valid and suitable for use in learning.

Digital Systems in Medical Science and Modern Dentistry

Digital expert systems, commonly used in medicine, can be implemented successfully in the analysis and planning of treatments in dentistry. In implant-prosthetic therapy, these software applications epresent necessary adjuvant tools in optimizing therapeutic decisions regarding the pro-implant and implant stages as well as in creating a therapeutic planning algorithm. PRODENT Acad Expert (data recording and database) and PRODENT Indices (calculation of biological indices and recommendation for the optimal treatment solution) (Neo-Tech, Romania) are tools that allows the registration and entry of data in the database, registration of clinical and biological indices in pretreatment and post-implant stage, respectively the recommendation of an optimal prosthetic solution. The use of this application is necessary in monitoring changes related to the biological components of the stomatognathic system in postimplant stage. Expert applications for the assessment of mucosal and bone support, planning of bone addition procedures and positioning of dental implants laid the foundations of digital implantology (Implant 3D, Universe; NobleGuide, Nobel Biocare; Digital Smile Design, DSD; SimPlant, Dental Materialize; Virtual Implant Placement, BioHorizons; ImplantMaster, iDent; Implant 3D, Media Lab; EasyGuide, Keystone Dental). The Digital Smile Design favors the planning of prosthetic therapy and the design of the future prosthetic work in accordance with the aesthetic principles and the requirements of the patients, based on a motivational mock-up. Literature data demonstrate the increase in the long-term success rate in digital-assisted implant-prosthetic therapy and justify the widespread expansion of the use of digital applications in current contemporary dental practice.

PMU72 Digital Health Technology PILOT Evaluation

NICE was commissioned by NHS England to conduct an evaluation pilot for digital health technologies (DHTs) during 2019/20. The pilot aimed to produce national NICE guidance on cost saving DHTs, consistent with the policy aims of the forthcoming NHS England funding mandate for MedTech. The pilot evaluation for DHTs was based on the existing NICE medical technologies guidance process and methods which aim to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and economic impact of the technology. The key stages in the evaluation are scoping, evidence submission, evidence review, committee decision-making and guidance publication. The pilot process included some variations suited for DHTs such as a technical assessment, inclusion of digital expert advisers, revision of the evidence submission process and the option of collecting additional data before the committee. The pilot involved the assessment of 5 DHTs chosen by NHS England. Three of the technologies did not obtain regulatory approval within the expected timeframe and had sparse clinical evidence and so the guidance development did not proceed beyond the evidence review stage. Guidance development is proceeding on 2 technologies and will be published later this year. Valuable lessons were learnt about developing NICE guidance on a range of DHTs. Examples include a proposal that regulatory approval should be a pre-requisite for medical technologies guidance development and that splitting the company submission into 2 parts enabled the early identification of topics with insufficient clinical evidence to proceed further to the committee and also reduced the burden on companies. The pilot evaluation project successfully explored the development of NICE’s medical technologies guidance for 5 DHTs. Lessons learnt will be used to update the current NICE medical technologies guidance development process and methods to facilitate routine guidance development for DHTs.

Self-learning Expert Systems in Textile Technology: Development of a Socio-Technical Approach

Digital learning factories prepare a showcase to demonstrate the utilization of new digital technologies in production. The production of technical and domestic textiles in European countries requires a lean and error free approach in order to maintain competency against production in low wage countries. Digital expert systems can support setting and troubleshooting processes in a textile production. A procedure model for the introduction of a self-learning expert system (SES) based on AI developed and validated in a socio-technical approach will be introduced in this article. The introduction of the SES can be practiced in the model textile production line in DCC of ITA Group in Aachen, Germany. The procedure model considers all required social and technical components in a textile production. The development and design processes take place in cooperation with all relevant groups of actors like employees and managers. Its technical core is a process model which in a first step enables companies to identify the most important quality-relevant defects and the process input variables that cause them. A SES suitable for the company will then be introduced in order to support the employees in setting the process input variables, thus avoiding defects and simplifying their elimination by suggesting most relevant causes. The procedure model still contains approaches for the iterative-participative development of the SES in order to ensure acceptance by the production employees.