Digital Estate Research Articles

Digital Inheritance of Traditional Mongolian Robes of the Nayman Tribe

Abstract The Mongolian robe is the crystallisation of the wisdom of Mongolian people after a long period of social practice and one of the intangible cultural heritages of humanity. With the gradual disappearance of the nomadic lifestyle in the steppe, it is not easy to protect and pass on traditional Mongolian dress culture and traditional handicraft technology. This study used the digital twin concept to construct a digital twin to try on clothes for a model in a virtual environment, to realise a mirror image presentation of the target physical entity, and to use effective modern technology to protect and pass on the traditional clothing. The experiment used an AlphaM4 3D body scanner to obtain a 3D human body model, as well as reverse engineering technology to process the initial data, such as noise reduction, streamlining, hole patching and smoothing to build a personalised human body model. The traditional black cotton robe of the Nayman tribe researched in the field was mapped by the planar structure design method, and its structure and 2D samples were recovered. A 3D model of the traditional cotton robe of the Nayman tribe was established based on 3D simulation technology to achieve a 3D virtual display effect, enable better dissemination and inheritance, and give a new vitality to non-heritage clothing in the digital era. The research results can provide fresh ideas and technical support for the digital estate and development of other traditional costumes, as well as contribute to the construction of digital resources for intangible cultural heritage.

Digitalization of Education: the Experience of France

At the present stage of development of Ukraine’s education and science, the issue of digitalisation requires consideration and further research, and since European Union countries possess more solid achievements in the field of digitalisation of education, their experience is extremely useful for Ukraine. The author of this article considers it reasonable to focus on the experience of France. The research goal is analysing the experience of France in the aspect of digitalisation of education, generalising and finding a scientific rationale of present-day challenges of information society for all stages of continuing education. Methods. In the course of the research, general scientific methods were used (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, generalisation), which enabled us to perform a complex and systemic analysis, consider and summarize developments of prospective best practices of digitalisation of education in France. The results. Basing on examination of specific facts and phenomena in digitalisation of education, the author has singled out the most important associations that provide opportunities for remote learning in France and offer a variety of courses – commercial, free of charge and mixed, permanently available or available for a certain period of time according to the curriculum, designed for laymen and specialists, unlimited and limited (with limitations as to the number of participants), with support or without it, with participation of an expert/several experts, or developed by amateurs. Conclusions. France has been introducing remote learning since 1996. Over time, the transition to digital education has proven the ability of France’s education system to adapt to new conditions, and the ability of its higher education institutions to defend and ensure importance of their activities ‒ universities did not disappear but instead, they created the background for introduction of remote learning and further development of informatization in education. Meanwhile, the many years’ experience has shown that much has been done, but even more remains to be accomplished to ensure effectiveness and quality of digitalisation of education. This is evidenced, among other factors, by activities of Digital Estates General, which has developed (in cooperation with the entire educational community) 40 proposals concerning digitalisation strategies. Hence, the work in this direction never stops but continues to be implemented in a newer version that takes into account previous mistakes and corrects them.

Digital estate and its protection in the chilean legal system

The patrimony of the people and the rights to it have broad protection in Chilean legislation, mainly given by the civil code. However, heritage in the 21st century is not only made up of rights and duties of a physical or material nature, but also of digital assets. As regards the latter, some problems of destination arose in the face of the death of the owner. Therefore, the objective of this article is to determine the basis for the configuration of the legal regime of digital assets in Chile and in particular the relationships that these present with the categories of assets, patrimony and their succession in the digital environment. The methods used were doctrinal law, content analysis and doctrinal theoretical study. It is concluded that the current legislation on digital heritage does not meet the requirements, therefore it is necessary to define what is to be understood as a digital asset; specify the content of the digital heritage and expressly distinguish between the aspects of the personality and those of a patrimonial nature with an economic content which derive from the exploitation of certain rights of the personality and which therefore constitute the hereditary heritage.

NAVIGATING THE LEGAL VOID: DIGITAL ESTATE PLANNING IN INDIAS DEVELOPING LEGAL SYSTEM

With the proliferation of digital technology and the increasing use of the internet, digital assets have become an integral part of our lives. In todays world, it is common to have a digital presence in the form of online accounts, email, social media, and cloud storage. These digital assets, along with traditional assets, need to be protected and managed in the event of death or incapacity. This is where digital estate planning comes into play.This research paper aims to explore the importance of digital estate planning and the laws surrounding it in India. The paper begins by defining digital estate planning and identifying the types of digital assets that need to be protected. It then discusses the potential consequences of failing to plan for digital assets and the importance of having a digital estate plan in place.The paper then examines the laws in India that govern digital estate planning. It finds that while there is no specific legislation on digital estate planning, existing laws such as the Information Technology Act and the Indian Contract Act, provide some guidance on the management and distribution of digital assets.The paper also discusses the challenges associated with digital estate planning in India, including the lack of awareness about the importance of digital estate planning, the absence of a centralized registry for digital assets, and the difficulty in accessing and managing online accounts after the owners death.Finally, the paper concludes that while the laws in India are evolving to address digital estate planning, there is still a long way to go. It recommends that individuals take proactive steps to manage their digital assets and seek professional help to create a digital estate plan that addresses their specific needs.In conclusion, digital estate planning is a critical aspect of modern-day estate planning. This research paper highlights the importance of having a digital estate plan in place and identifies the laws in India that govern digital estate planning. It also highlights the challenges associated with digital estate planning in India and provides recommendations for individuals to protect their digital assets. As technology continues to evolve, it is essential to stay informed and take the necessary steps to manage our digital lives effectively.

Dangers of succumbing to bias in cyber security : An evaluation of the impact of cognitive biases on threat assessments and cyber security strategies

The greatest cyber threat to an organisation may be opposite to what its own security team assesses, a challenge that commonly arises from the impact of cognitive biases. At every turn, cognitive biases can distract and derail cyber security teams and their strategies away from the key risks and threats likely to catastrophically damage their network environments, in favour of new headline-making attack techniques or vulnerabilities which may never be used against their organisation. Focusing on psychological analysis within cyber security contexts including macro and micro examples from the international cyber community and Darktrace’s own customer base, this paper explores the dramatic impact cognitive biases can have on cyber security professionals, cyber strategies and decision making if left unchecked. Statistically, persistent, widely available, lower-sophistication malware and run-of-the-mill phishing campaigns remain a greater global risk to corporations than the newest, most devious exploit kit or ransomware. This paper examines multiple contextual examples of how cognitive biases negatively affect and influence cyber security teams from their security stack, the greatest threats to their networks and digital estates, understanding an attacker’s mindset and selecting technical experts to guide their programmes. Understanding these biases and identifying their role in cyber decision making is the only way to protect organisations from succumbing to biases and likely misdirecting already stretched security resources.

Cybersecurity in UK Universities: mapping (or managing) threat intelligence sharing within the higher education sector

Abstract Higher education has recently been identified as a sector of concern by the UK National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC). In 2021, the NCSC reported that universities and higher education institutions (HEI) had been exponentially targeted by cyber-criminals. Existing challenges were amplified or highlighted over the course of the global pandemic when universities struggled to continue to function through hybrid and remote teaching provision that relied heavily on their digital estate and services. Despite the value of the sector and the vulnerabilities within it, higher education has received relatively little attention from the cybersecurity research community. Over 2 years, we carried out numerous interventions and engagements with the UK higher education sector. Through interviews with cybersecurity practitioners working in the sector as well as roundtables, and questionnaires, we conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis of threat intelligence sharing, which we use as a proxy for measuring and analysing collaboration. In a unique approach to studying collaboration in cybersecurity, we utilized social network analysis. This paper presents the study and our findings about the state of cybersecurity in UK universities. It also presents some recommendations for future steps that we argue will be necessary to equip the higher education sector to continue to support UK national interests going forward. Key findings include the positive inclination of those working in university cybersecurity to collaborate as well as the factors that impede that collaboration. These include management and insurance constraints, concerns about individual and institutional reputational damage, a lack of trusted relationships, and the lack of effective mechanisms or channels for sectoral collaboration. In terms of the network itself, we found that it is highly fragmented with a very small number of the possible connections active, none of the organizations we might expect to facilitate collaboration in the network are playing a significant role, and some universities are currently acting as key information bridges. For these reasons, any changes that might be led by sectoral bodies such as Jisc, UCISA or government bodies such as NCSC, would need to go through these information brokers.

Anomaly-based threat detection: Behavioural fingerprinting versus self-learning AI

When a malicious actor has access to a digital estate, they control compromised devices and user accounts to achieve their objectives. Given that an attacker’s objectives are often at odds with devices’ normal patterns of life, identifying deviations from these patterns can be used to detect an ongoing attack. This paper outlines and compares two approaches to anomaly-based threat detection: behavioural fingerprinting and self-learning artificial intelligence (AI). It argues that the self-learning approach is significantly superior in several important ways due to the fact it provides a more complex and accurate understanding of what is normal. The paper explains the motivation behind anomaly-based threat hunting, describes the fingerprinting approach and the self-learning approach to anomaly detection, and details real-world examples that demonstrate the advantages of the self-learning approach.

Compressed Environmentalism: Greening a Digital Chengdu through Digital Platforms and Smart Housing Estates

While both digitalisation and environmentalism have become important topics for understanding China today, the intersection of these two issues is rarely discussed. With the coming era of Big Data, future development projects will no longer go through an Environmental Impact Assessment conducted by an official in person, but rather development plans will simply be submitted to a digital platform for approval. Additionally, Chengdu is now actively promoting Smart Housing Estates, which include geothermal heating, onsite water recycling facilities and digitalised metering of utilities directly connected to online bank accounts. Drawing upon fieldwork from Chengdu, this article critically examines what these changes mean for an “environmentally-friendly lifestyle”. The dialectal relationship between the physical and digital relationships in these examples does not make them any more or less real, just qualitatively different. This difference is created not just through the compression of time-space, as found in many studies of digital technology, but also the compression of the labour it takes to be “environmentally-friendly”. The article also examines the way that digitalisation has resulted in changes to social relations among my informants in Chengdu.

WHEN DEATH DEPENDS ON NETWORKED INFORMATION

One of the founding stories of the United States centers on Patrick Henry’s 1775 declaration “give me liberty, or give me death” on the floor of the Second Virginia Convention where war with Britain was being debated (Cohen, 1981). A similar sentiment is part of several national origin stories including the 1320 Declaration of Scottish Independence, which may have been an inspiration for Henry, and Greece’s national motto of “Liberty or Death,” which was the rallying cry in the 1820 Greek War of Independence. In each instance the suggestion is that independence will be achieved either through successful revolution or death. But in our modern networked cultures, what kind of independence can be found in death? This panel takes up the AoIR 2021 Independence theme by considering how our information and communication technologies are entangled with the end of human life, both at individual and community levels. Our case studies focus primarily on the United States and is deeply invested in considering practices that are evolving in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, the ongoing HIV/AIDS pandemic, and the long epidemic of police killings of people of color in the U.S. In each of these long events, we are witnessing a myriad of efforts to collect mortality data and render it in ways that make sense of scales of loss. But questions about digital afterlives, networked and remixed loss, and proprietary control over digital remains complicates the foundational narratives of liberty through death and enrolls our dead in practices of nation formation even when those very lives were rendered expendable by the nation-state. At the same time, these practices are an important part of the problematic narrative that nothing dies on the internet, where deaths can circulate as undead memes and commodified data streams. The papers on this panel examine the intersection of data management and speculative death (life insurance, mortality tables, pandemic statistics, counting the dead or potential dead) and death care management (personal digital archives, maintenance work, kinship ties, digital estate planning/mortuary rites, memorialization). As interdisciplinary scholars from Library and Information Science, Science and Technology Studies, and media history, we interrogate the historical, sociotechnical, and cultural aspects of sorting and caring for the dead through networked information. How are people, institutions, and infrastructures working to make sense of and account for the dead on both individual and collective scales? In what ways do histories of racialized and gendered surveillance and violence impact the treatment of the dead when it comes to both digital and physical remains? Major digital platforms and tech companies are increasingly at the center of memorialization and mourning practices, both building on and transforming the ways that these longer histories inform mortuary politics. All four papers show how institutions and individuals are using digital media and networked information— from mortality data and barcodes affixed to coffins to social media memorials and crowdfunding platforms—to assess, track, memorialize, and otherwise manage the dead. We pay particularly close attention to the ways that race, gender, sexuality, immigration status, and citizenship affect how the dead are counted and remembered. We trace the history of technologies used to assess risk and manage mortality, comparing recent COVID-19 related developments to previous crises or pandemics and to longer histories of deathcare management as data management, including the history of the life insurance industry, mortality tables, and surveillance, from chattel slavery to contemporary predictive policing. In the 21st century the majority of these practices have transitioned to online and networked spaces, even as they continue to create social networks of information and ritual. Despite digital technologies being offered as a “solution” to the problem of death, our disparate case studies show how digital systems tend to reinforce existing structural inequalities, thereby troubling any sense that independence from violent social formations exists even in death. Cohen, Charles (October 1981). "The 'Liberty or Death' Speech: A Note on Religion and Revolutionary Rhetoric". The William and Mary Quarterly. 38 (4): 702–717.

Gesture Controlled Tactile Augmented Reality Interface for the Visually Impaired

This paper proposes to create an augmented reality interface for the visually impaired, enabling a way of haptically interacting with the computer system by creating a virtual workstation, facilitating a natural and intuitive way to accomplish a multitude of computer-based tasks (such as emailing, word processing, storing and retrieving files from the computer, making a phone call, searching the web, etc.). The proposed system utilizes a combination of a haptic glove device, a gesture-based control system, and an augmented reality computer interface which creates an immersive interaction between the blind user and the computer. The gestures are recognized, and the user is provided with audio and vibratory haptic feedbacks. This user interface allows the user to actually “touch, feel, and physically interact” with digital controls and virtual real estate of a computer system. A test of applicability was conducted which showcased promising positive results.

Influencers, Brands, and Pivots in the Time of COVID-19

Influencers, Brands, and Pivots in the Time of COVID-19

Death in the Era of Perpetual Digital Afterlife: Digital Assets, Posthumous Legacy, Ownership and Its Legal Implications

Man dies, but his online assets survive and, often, intestate. These digital assets by themselves may not have too much significance, but the data they hold is invaluable to the legal heirs, often mired in secrecy; man lives a secret life, and these online digital assets are privy to the same. The enormous digital assets a user creates during his or her lifetime result in a sizable amount of digital footprint posthumously. The consequence of all these cybernated dossiers is as unpredictable as the death itself, for there’s no uniform practice of preservation, removal, and inheritance of these digital assets by the data handlers like social media platforms and other content hosting websites. Adding to this is the lack of proper definition and legal consensus as to what constitutes digital assets and how the deceased user’s digital estate should be handled after his/her death. The objectives of this paper are to analyze the impact of death on digital assets and the association between unbequeathed online accounts and issues of identity theft and copyright violations of deceased user’s accounts. This paper has adopted a doctrinal research method. The paper also broached the concerns about how these data should be managed in the best interests of legal heirs of the departed. The study shows that there’s a lack of awareness among the netizens as to how to plan their digital estate while they are alive, and the personal laws of succession are also not drafted or revised foreseeing this new genre of assets.

Public Digital Estate: Role of Commons in Legal Education and Research

With the advancement of technology, world witnessed rapid growth of research and development activities. Research and development activities ensued in huge literature outcome. Invention of internet and World Wide Web reduced distances among scientific institutions around the world. Research, education and policy making institutions started sharing scholarly and literary outcome around the world. Great initiatives like Budapest Open Access Initiative, Bethesda Statement and Berlin Declaration played important role in open access movement of digital information. Montreal Declaration during Law Via Internet Conference in 2002 resulted in dawning era for Free Access to Law Movement around the world. In 2010, Durham Statement adopted by law librarians of Law Schools at United States of America, is also counted an important development where all law librarians agreed to facilitate access of law reviews in open access to cut printing cost and greater accessibility of the scholarly articles published in law reviews. UNESCO guidelines for public government information also supported free access to governmental information to public which involves public money. The topic of the book “Public Digital Estate” is actually a combined idea of both the author based on the English law term used for copyright left or without copyright work “Public Domain”. Reveal their motivation and inspiration for writing the book. The idea of the book is based on our experiences gained working for law libraries since last fifteen years. Currently India has more than 2000 academic institutions including law universities, departments, affiliated colleges and research institutions. Uneven distribution of financial allocation for law libraries has made greater difference between institutional outcomes. Centrally and few state funded institutions facilitated access of legal information through subscription based databases, however, majority of law libraries have inadequate sources of information. The book is actually being coined for law students, faculty members, research scholars and law libraries in need of extensive research assistance. The idea of the book was not new and spontaneously conceived but a result of long journey of research to tag most authentic, reliable and scholarly assets available in public digital estate. We have contrived to compile this book to collate all best possible free access information including judgements, legislative material, parliamentary documents, law journals and scholarships and books. The book contains ten chapters based on intensive research done on timeline of public domain and open access initiatives around the world. First chapter propounds explanation of public domain, open access, evaluation of open access resources and explanation of relevant terms. Public digital asset or public domain is a term basically used and related to copyright laws. Though in second chapter, copyright laws under the regime of open access around the world and India, and creative common licences, is set forth. A timeline describing brief development of public domain and open access initiatives around the world is peddled for wider understanding and bridging relevance of initiatives in third chapter. Next six chapters postulate public domain legal resources around the world pertaining to parliamentary resources, legislative resources, judicial resources, law reform resources, journals and scholarship, and open access books. In the last chapter open access initiatives in India and various public domain resources useful for legal education and research are posited. We have tried over best to cope up best and scholarly resources available in public domain or open access for law students, faculty and research scholars. Statistical data upto year 2020 has been incorporated in the book. We hope the book would be beneficial not only for law students, faculty, and law librarians in India but also to overseas scholars. Electronic Books and journal databases are also useful for scholarly communities from verity of subject areas including science, humanities, technologies and social science. Corrections and suggestions are welcomed for incorporation in next edition. Full text is available at: https://archive.org/details/public-digital-estate-online-single-page

Das digitale Erbe im Spannungsfeld von Persönlichkeitsrechten, Fernmeldegeheimnis und Datenschutz in Deutschland

The handling of the so-called digital estate, in particular user contracts for social platforms such as Facebook, Xing, etc., has led to discussions in Germany for some time about how these should be assessed under the law of succession. Legal problems arise from the various, sometimes controversial interests of the heirs, the decedent, the contracting partners and the communication partners, also with regards to secrecy of telecommunications and data protection. On the 12th of July 2018 the German Bundesgerichtshof (BGH), in its judgment not only decided specifically the question of the heritability of a Facebook account, but took the opportunity to clarify the fundamental questions raised in this regard. As a result, the ruling is taking on a pioneering role for German legal practice on digital heritage.

Sentimental analysis on social media data using R programming

Sentimental Analysis is an ongoing research field in Text Mining Arena to determine the situation of market on particular entity such as Product, Services...Etc. and it can be called as computational treatment of reviews, subjectivity and sentiment of text. Cryptocurrency can be explained as a type of digital estate and devised to mechanize as a form of trade and exchanges that uses cryptography as an encryption technique to secure the transactions and acts as decentralized controlled transaction which is opposed to centralized transactions. Cryptocurrency are a type of virtual currency, digital currency and alternative currency, On basis of categorical, there are different architecture and security protocols which are used in the cryptocurrencies to secure transactions, the different types of cryptocurrency are available in the market such as Bitcoin, Litecoin, and Namecoin…etc. This paper focuses on survey on different types of sentimental analysis methods and main contribution of this paper include sentimental analysis of social media data on different types of cryptocurrencies on basis of categorical and different terms of cryptocurrency such as Cryptocurrency, virtual currency, digital currency and discussed on trends of crypto currency in present market.

Networked heirlooms: the affective and financial logics of digital estate planning

ABSTRACTThis article outlines the emergence of digital estate planning, a new way of managing post-mortem data, considering its cultural history and political stakes. I argue that Web 2.0 logics of interaction and inclusivity, and the subsequent valorization of social data, have led to a new form of accumulation. Unlike estate planners, who are legal professionals paid to manage the finances of wealthy clientele, digital estate planners are start-up company founders who handle the digital possessions of the masses. Because digital estate planning companies are not lucrative, often providing free services, they tend to quickly fold and vanish. Communicative traces do not contain intrinsic monetary worth in isolation. They are, however, speculatively valuable in aggregate, becoming potential networked heirlooms. They provide legible personality profiles of individuals to advertisers, government agencies, and companies such as Facebook and Google. Communicative traces also contain value in their capacity to produce and maintain social networks and affective bonds. Despite the failures of digital estate planning as an enterprise, networked heirlooms point to the dual financial and affective value of personal data under late capitalism.

Germany ∙ About Dashcams und Digital Estate - German Federal Court of Justice Weighs Up Data Protection Interests

Germany ∙ About Dashcams und Digital Estate - German Federal Court of Justice Weighs Up Data Protection Interests

Building digital estates

The UK television industry has increasingly integrated multiple screen technologies into multiplatform ‘digital estates’. Such ‘digital estates’ also emerge in domestic contexts. The complex, but mundane and ephemeral, nature of these domestic ‘digital estates’ requires new methodologies for understanding how they operate within the daily lives of audiences. This article uses an innovative, technologically enabled observation methodology to explore how domestic ‘digital estates’ are managed. Dominant throughout our sample is the use of multiple screen technologies to create deliberately passive and ephemeral experiences, highlighting the need to recognise and interrogate the place of ‘passivity’ within televisual and digital screen experiences.

Micro­microcelebrity: Branding Babies on the Internet

Micro­microcelebrity: Branding Babies on the Internet

The Digital Legacy Conundrum: Who Really Owns What?

Previously the distribution of assets following the death of loved one was straightforward. These days however, a lot of the “property” of a deceased and many relevant documents might be only contained on a hard drive, in an e-mail account or in some form of cloud storage. A number of problems can arise when executors attempt to source, access and/or retrieve these “digital assets” left behind by the deceased and many, if not most people do not have a clear or accurate understanding of the extent of their digital estate. Moreover, the many sites where digital assets are located have differing protocols regarding the access that will be granted to executors and Unauthorised access and privacy laws may put executors and trusts and estates lawyers at risk of violating one set of laws (often those of the United States, where many of the social networking and online storage accounts are based), merely for attempting to carry out the duties required of them under another set of laws.