Digital Elements Research Articles

Dynamic Properties of Remote Sensing Algorithm in Digital Resistance Elements

In microprocessor-based distance protection of lines, digital resistance elements are used as measuring instruments for determining the components of the input resistance vector and their subsequent mathematical comparison with the boundaries of the selected response characteristics. The values of the resistance vector components are calculated from the voltages and currents measured at the installation site of the protection. The most common are algorithms for remote measurements of input resistance based on: two samples of instantaneous values of line voltage and current; line models; using orthogonal voltage components and current. In the resistance elements of modern microprocessor line protections for remote measurements, the last of the above algorithms is most widely used. Its dynamic properties are determined mainly by the implemented method of generating the orthogonal components of the input signals. In distance protection measuring device, non-recursive digital Fourier filters are predominantly used for this purpose. To improve the dynamic properties of the remote measurement algorithm based on them, it is proposed to correct additionally dynamic errors in transient modes. In the dynamic modeling environment MATLAB-Simulink-SimPowerSystems, digital model is implemented that allows for a comparative assessment of the dynamic properties of the proposed algorithm for remote measurements of input resistance based on the results of a computational experiment. The research results have shown that the proposed algorithm for remote measurements of input resistance has higher dynamic properties compared to the known ones.

Biaxial hyperelastic and anisotropic behaviors of the corneal anterior central stroma along the preferential fibril orientations. Part I: Measurement and calibration of personalized stress-strain curves

Lacking specimens is the biggest limitation of studying the mechanical behaviors of human corneal. Extracting stress-strain curves is the crucial step in investigating hyperelastic and anisotropic properties of human cornea. 15 human corneal specimens extracted from the small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery were applied in this study. To accurately measure the personalized true stress-strain curve using corneal lenticules, the digital image correlation (DIC) method and finite element method were used to calibrate the stress and the strain of the biaxial extension test. The hyperelastic load-displacement curves obtained from the biaxial extension test were performed in preferential fibril orientations, which are arranged along the nasal-temporal (NT) and the superior-inferior (SI) directions within the anterior central stroma. The displacement and strain fields were accurately calibrated and calculated using the digital image correlation (DIC) method. A conversion equation was given to convert the effective engineering strain to the true strain. The stress field distribution, which was simulated using the finite element method, was verified. Based on this, the effective nominal stress with personalized characteristics was calibrated. The personalized stress-strain curves containing individual characteristic, like diopter and anterior surface curvature, was accurately measured in this study. These results provide an experimental method using biaxial tensile test with corneal lenticules. It is the foundation for investigating the hyperelasticity and anisotropy of the central anterior stroma of human cornea.

DIGITAL EMPLOYEE EXPERIENCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A STUDY OF THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR IN OMAN

Purpose – The study aims at assessing the effect of digital employee experience on organisational performance, particularly in the telecommunications sector in the Sultanate of Oman, using quantitative and qualitative analysis. Research methodology – The techniques used in this empirical research include scientific literature analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression, and sentiment analysis. Findings – The results indicate that organisational performance has a higher association with elements of the digital employee experience like work environment, organisational culture, training availability, technology accessibility, digital tool usability, and leadership support and is statistically significant at the 5% level. Also, 80% of respondents were favourable or indifferent about their digital experience. Research limitations – The study exclusively covers Oman’s telecoms industry and six important digital employee experience elements, so additional factors and industries may be examined further. A direct interview may improve findings since self-reported responses from individuals with demanding work schedules may be biased. Practical implications – Telecommunication companies must increase their efforts to engage employees in the use of digital tools and encourage their employees to utilise the different digital technologies. Originality/Value – The study investigated the six elements of the digital experience of telecom employees and its impact on organisational performance with multiple regression and sentiment analysis.

REFORMA POTROŠAČKOG PRAVA PRODAJE – IZAZOV ZA BOSANSKOHERCEGOVAČKO PRAVO

The paper deals with the analysis of certain provisions of the new Directive (EU) 2019/771 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods, which mo- dernized the consumer sale law in the light of the changes brought by digitalization. Digitization has imposed the need to create new legal rules, which are based on con- ventional concepts, only adapted to the requirements of goods with digital elements. The aim of the paper is to point out certain novelties in relation to the solutions of the repealed Directive 1999/44/EC by analyzing selected definitions and provisions of Directive (EU) 2019/771. Recently granted candidacy status to Bosnia and Hercegovi- na is the right moment to open up again the issue of harmonization of national legal rules in the field of consumer protection with the acquis, and to raise the question of the right direction of the reform of consumer sales law. Key words: Directive (EU) 2019/771, goods with digital elemenst, harmonization, sa- les law reform.

Investments in Human Capital: intellectual, organizational physical resources

The object of the study is the investment in human capital. Subject – new forms of investment in human capital in modern conditions. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors influencing the diffusion of innovations and digital technologies on the effectiveness of investments in human capital. The research is based on general scientific methods and a review of foreign scientific literature. As a result of the study the authors declare the necessity of accumulation of human capital and optimization of its use to provide the economic development of organizations, regions and the country as a whole in modern conditions. The development of information and communication technologies leads to an increase in the role of human capital, including its convergent components: physical capital; intellectual human resources and organizational capital. At the same time, there is an urgent need to conduct an inventory of human resources at the level of organizations and local government. Such transformations are possible only through continuous improvement of the quality of educational potential, which will help maintain the quality of human capital indicators in the relevant entities at the proper level. It is concluded that human resources, when developed and properly used, easily converge with each other, which contributes to the rapid accumulation of human capital. Investments in a changing socio-economic environment, saturated with digital technologies and elements of artificial intelligence that ensure faster monetization and practical application of human capital.

A case report on digital preoperative design, clinical application and finite element analysis for a patient with ankylosing spondylitis kyphosis.

Objective: By assessing a case of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) after thoracic lumbar protrusion deformity in a digital model and verifying its effectiveness after surgery for orthopaedic surgery process simulation, a finite element model was established for biomechanical experiments. Method: A 56-year-old patient with AS underwent preoperative thoracic lumbar spine computed tomography. The data were reconstructed using MIMICS16.0 software and modelled to design and measure the nailing parameters. A three-dimensional model was established using ANSYS14.0 software, and the actual surgical procedure was simulated using biomechanical experiments. The model was verified by comparing the X-ray films obtained from patients during preoperative forward bending, stretching and lateral flexion, with the model further tested using the Hueter-Volkmann principle. Result: On comparing the measurements across three different load cases (forward bending, after stretching and lateral flexion) in patients with AS after thoracic lumbar protrusion deformity and the original X-ray images, no difference was found between the model of deformation and real patient movement displacement across the vertebral body. On simulating the stress distribution, the measured T10-L4 vertebral body stress values at every point in the injured vertebrae were, on the whole, directed at both the upper and lower ends and exhibited a decreasing trend, and the stress distribution gradually decreased from the injured vertebrae (T12 and L1) to the upper and lower ends. Conclusion: The accuracy of the research model is high, the geometric similarity is good and relevant applied anatomy can be undertaken using the model parameter measurement. This study provides a successful example of the application of digital technology in the field of spinal deformity and a novel idea for the treatment of AS-related kyphosis.

APLIKASI PENGENALAN PERANGKAT KERAS KOMPUTER BERBASIS ANDROID MENGGUNAKAN AUGMENTED REALITY

In the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) learning system in elementary schools there are various kinds of material, namely regarding the introduction of computers in general. There is something that often becomes a problem when teaching, namely at this time in the current era of development, children have been introduced as early as possible to laptops, which are lighter and more practical than computers. Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that is combined with a 3D object into a real form using an intermediary medium, namely the camera on Android. The markerless method is a method with the latest features that almost resemble Markerless based tracking so that users are not required to print markerless books to be able to display digital elements. Markerless development is influenced by the development of mobile-based supporting devices in the form of sensors and cameras. Android is an operating system based on mobile Linux and provides an open platform for developers to create their own applications so that they can be used by a variety of mobile devices. The results of this study are to produce computer hardware recognition applications in the form of 3D Argumented Reality.

The effects of digital business strategy on the collaboration performance of companies: the moderating effect of digitally enabled performance measurement

PurposeDigital transformation shapes industries and influences the forms of collaboration between companies. This study aims to investigate digital business strategy as a key to facilitating collaboration beyond organizational boundaries.Design/methodology/approachThe study focuses on the connection between digital business strategy and collaboration performance. The authors identify five types of digital business strategy elements based on the literature: development, objectives, resources, management capabilities, and digital leadership. The authors then studied the implications of these elements for collaboration performance using a survey. The study’s empirical data were collected from manufacturing and service companies, and 202 valid responses were received. The implications of the research elements were tested through regression analysis, which included the moderating effects of digitally enabled performance measurement.FindingsThe theoretical research framework identifies digital business strategy as a key determinant of collaboration performance, thus advancing the understanding of how companies can utilize digital business strategies and achieve enhanced collaboration performance. The results also show that the effect of digital business strategy on collaboration performance may be moderated by digitally enabled performance management.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that management capabilities associated with digital strategy are a crucial element in positively influencing collaboration performance. Further, digital strategy-related resources can be better managed with digitally enabled performance measurement system, which is reflected in improved collaborative performance. Thus, companies should invest in management capabilities and connect their digital business strategies and performance measurement systems to develop collaboration in digital transformation.Originality/valueThe study is among the first to translate an empirical understanding of the digital transformation of small and medium-sized companies into a conceptual framework of a digital business strategy.

Exploring digital competencies domain and elements for information technology graduates in Malaysia

<span lang="EN-US">This paper explores the reliability of an instrument to evaluate digital competencies domain and elements for polytechnics’ information technology (IT) graduates in Malaysia towards future industrial revolution using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). This study thereby obtained 146 items from the previous phase (industries experts’ interview) which was later developed according to the study’s objectives. Experts validated the items, and after that, a pilot study was executed with 102 randomly chosen Polytechnics’ IT lecturers from four Malaysian Polytechnics as the respondents for this study. Four domains had been decided which are Personal Effective Competencies, Functional Competencies, Essential Competencies, and Industrial Revolution 4.0 (4IR) Competencies. Elements for each domain were created using the EFA, in which internal reliability was achieved for all construct dimensions. There were 15 elements gained through EFA for those four domains.</span>

Теоретические предпосылки изучения редакторов HTML5 для создания и изменения элементов цифрового дизайна

The article considers the problems of choosing an online graphic editor with optimum functionality for creating and modifying digital design elements; analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. Is explored the evolution of the study of creating and changing digital design elements along the vertical gymnasium-lyceum. Conclusions are made about the result set of characteristics of the desired graphics editor – Photopea.

Aplikasi wedding planner dan analisis kelayakan guna meningkatkan income generating badan pengelola usaha Universitas Jambi

<span>Universitas Jambi as a State University with the status of a Public Service Entity (BLU) has two sources of income generating, namely those from academic services and non-academic services (academic support services). The implementation of academic support services is entrusted to the Business Management Agency (Badan Pengelola Usaha). BPU is tasked with carrying out the development of business units and optimizing the acquisition of university funding sources. Based on this task, BPU established the Weddy Feast business unit under the Commercialization and Services department. This research analyzes the business feasibility of wedding planner to increase income generating of the Business Management Agency. The conduct interviews and surveys some vendors in 43 types of business. The results show that the establishment of Weddy Feast able to optimize the potential of university assets involving 43 types of businesses and 15 of them can be managed by students in creating student entrepreneurs in the context of implementing Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, which is strengthened by realizing the UNJA Smart platform with digital transformation elements in the real business world, in the form of making a weddy feast application. The Net Present Velue (NPV) of wedddy planner is positive, Rp.577.049.066,- and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 156,12% hingher than weighted average cost of capital (WACC) 12%.</span>

Legal regulation for sale of goods and supply digital content in EU – analysis of novelties of new EU directives

This article is devoted to the study of new legislative instruments of the European Union in the field of unification of European contract law, namely: Directive 2019/771 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2019 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods and Directive 2019/770 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services of 20 May 2019. Considerable attention is paid to the study of the novelties of these legal acts, including: determining the compliance of goods, digital content and digital services with the terms of the contract, researching and establishing the criteria for such compliance, and identifying additional information obligations of the seller and supplier of digital content, digital services and goods with digital elements.
 Particular attention is focused on the seller’s (supplier’s) obligations to periodically update the buyer’s (recipient’s) software in order to ensure the functioning of digital content (goods with digital elements) throughout the entire term of the contract, in accordance with its terms.
 The authors analyze the presumption of non-compliance of goods with the terms of the contract and prove that the burden of proof of compliance of the transferred goods with the terms of the contract rests with the seller (supplier).
 The article pays special attention to the issues of personal data protection, monetization of personal data of the buyer (recipient) of digital content and digital services.
 The authors analyze the ways of protecting the violated rights of the buyer (recipient), and study the environmental friendliness of the legal provisions of the new directives in the field of restoration of the violated rights of the buyer in case of failure to transfer goods, goods with digital elements, digital content, or transfer of goods that do not comply with the terms of the contract.
 The authors conclude that, given the problems and prospects for the development of the circular economy, and with a view to determining the disproportionality of the remedy chosen by the buyer, it is advisable to enshrine in the legislation on sale and purchase the requirement to take into account the impact of this remedy on the environment.

How Does Green Human Resource Management Improve Sustainable Organizational Performance in Public Services?

Research Aims: The issues, such as global warming, increasing levels of pollution, increasing carbon, and climate change, make it mandatory for all organizations to strive to preserve the environment and work for the welfare of society. The aim to be achieved in this study was to explore the practice of green human resource management (GHRM) and its contribution to increasing sustainable organizational performance (SOP) through green service innovation (GSI) in the local government organizations of Semarang City, Indonesia.Design/Methodology/Approach: This research used a quantitative method. The data in this study were collected using closed online questionnaires for the leaders of the civil servants in each regional government organization in Semarang City. The data analysis employed the Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) utilizing the software of Smart PLS 3.Research Findings: The results of the data analysis demonstrated that all proposed hypotheses were accepted. It has been proven that GHRM and GSI could, directly and indirectly, improve SOP in Semarang City Government through the primary indicator of the vision of developing environmental management and services for the community and environmentally friendly digital service innovations.Theoretical Contribution/Originality: GSI could mediate the relationship between GHRM and SOP. In addition, this study revealed that the digital elements of public services in GSI enormously increased SOP.Practitioners/Policy Implications: The results have been good news for leaders in public service organizations with different policies on becoming sustainable organizations and preserving environmentally friendly practices in serving the community.Research Limitations/Implications: The authors recognize that the current study has limitations. This research only focused on organizational performance. Since the authors see that GHRM and GSI practices play a decisive role for employees, this study recommends further research to investigate the role of GHRM and GSI on employee performance.

Hospitality in heritage objects in Slovak conditions and its digital innovations

<p class="Default">The hospitality industry in the last decade has been undergoing a significant transformation towards digital tools. However, the negative effects of the pandemic did not avoid even the hospitality services provided by historical or heritage objects. The paper discusses initiatives to implement digital elements in accommodation services for heritage objects in Slovak conditions. Its main goal was to find out whether accommodation companies used digital elements before the pandemic, whether the pandemic strengthened their use, and whether the duration of the company’s operation has an impact on their implementation. The main methods were questionnaire research and the interview, which enabled the collection of primary data. Subsequently, the results were verified by selected mathematical and statistical methods. The research sample consisted of 136 accommodation companies, operating in Slovakia, regardless of category. Accommodation establishments have started using digital elements even before the pandemic appeared. Their potential future use was not significantly affected by the pandemic. Despite the surveys in which various researchers state that the pandemic intensified their implementation, this thesis was not confirmed in the domestic sample. The use of digital tools goes hand in hand with technical progress. Elements such as the pandemic strengthen their development only marginally.</p>

Hospitality in heritage objects in Slovak conditions and its digital innovations

<p class="Default">The hospitality industry in the last decade has been undergoing a significant transformation towards digital tools. However, the negative effects of the pandemic did not avoid even the hospitality services provided by historical or heritage objects. The paper discusses initiatives to implement digital elements in accommodation services for heritage objects in Slovak conditions. Its main goal was to find out whether accommodation companies used digital elements before the pandemic, whether the pandemic strengthened their use, and whether the duration of the company’s operation has an impact on their implementation. The main methods were questionnaire research and the interview, which enabled the collection of primary data. Subsequently, the results were verified by selected mathematical and statistical methods. The research sample consisted of 136 accommodation companies, operating in Slovakia, regardless of category. Accommodation establishments have started using digital elements even before the pandemic appeared. Their potential future use was not significantly affected by the pandemic. Despite the surveys in which various researchers state that the pandemic intensified their implementation, this thesis was not confirmed in the domestic sample. The use of digital tools goes hand in hand with technical progress. Elements such as the pandemic strengthen their development only marginally.</p>

Embodying architectures Body extensions and forms in hybrid environments


 
 
 This article aims to describe the situated interactions between humans and hybrid architectures composed of physical and digital elements. Using a post-phenomenological perspective and drawing on case studies from everyday life and contemporary new media art, the paper will first discuss the limits and possibilities of this philosophical approach. Specifically, post-phenomenology has limitations in describing the technologies present in hybrid architecture that are becoming increasingly transparent and capable of manipulating the habitat while being embodied in the user and widespread in the environment. Through a genealogical reconstruction of the concept of form in Wolfgang Köhler, Kurt Goldstein, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, the article will explore the continuity between endosomatic and esosomatic space, providing new tools for the post- phenomenological debate.
 
 

Improving Home-Based Scoliosis Therapy: Findings From a Web-Based Survey.

Conservative scoliosis therapy in the form of assisted physiotherapeutic scoliosis exercises is supplemented by self-contained training at home, depending on the approach (eg, Schroth, the Scientific Exercises Approach to Scoliosis). Complex exercises, lack of awareness of the importance of training, and missing supervision by therapists often lead to uncertainty and reduced motivation, which in turn reduces the success of home-based therapy. Increasing digitalization in the health care sector offers opportunities to close this gap. However, research is needed to analyze the requirements and translate the potential of digital tools into concrete solution concepts. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential for optimizing home-based scoliosis therapy in terms of motivation, assistive devices, and digital tools. In collaboration with the Institute of Physiotherapy at the Jena University Hospital, a survey was initiated to address patients with scoliosis and physical therapists. A digital questionnaire was created for each target group and distributed via physiotherapies, scoliosis forums, the Bundesverband für Skoliose Selbsthilfe e. V. newsletter via a link, and a quick response code. The survey collected data on demographics, therapy, exercise habits, motivation, assistive devices, and digital tools. Descriptive statistics were used for evaluation. Of 141 survey participants, 72 (51.1%; n=62, 86.1%, female; n=10, 13.9%, male) patients with scoliosis with an average age of 40 (SD 17.08) years and 30 scoliosis therapists completed the respective questionnaires. The analysis of home-based therapy showed that patients with scoliosis exercise less per week (2 times or less; 45/72, 62.5%) than they are recommended to do by therapists (at least 3 times; 53/72, 73.6%). Patients indicated that their motivation could be increased by practicing together with friends and acquaintances (54/72, 75%), a supporting therapy device (48/72, 66.7%), or a digital profile (46/72, 63.9%). The most important assistive devices, which are comparatively rarely used in home-based therapy, included balance boards (20/72, 27.8%), wall bars (23/72, 31.9%), mirrors (36/72, 50%), and long bars (40/72, 55.6%). Therapists saw the greatest benefit of digital tools for scoliosis therapy in increasing motivation (26/30, 87%), improving home therapy (25/30, 83%), monitoring therapy progress (25/30, 83%), and demonstrating exercise instructions (24/30, 80%). In this study, we investigated whether there is any potential for improvement in home-based scoliosis therapy. For this purpose, using online questionnaires, we asked patients with scoliosis and therapists questions about the following topics: exercise habits, outpatient and home-based therapy, motivation, supportive devices, and digital tools. The results showed that a lack of motivation, suitable training equipment, and tools for self-control leads to a low training workload. From the perspective of the patients surveyed, this problem can be addressed through community training with friends or acquaintances, a supportive therapy device, and digital elements, such as apps, with training instructions and user profiles.

Principles for Implementation of Digital Power Direction Control in Microprocessor Current Protections

In the existing microprocessor-based directional current protection lines from phase-to-phase short circuits, digital power direction elements are used, which, as a rule, are switched on at full currents and voltage according to the so-called 90-degree pattern. With this switching scheme, a “dead” zone appears only in case of three-phase short circuits close to the protection installation site, which make up a small fraction of all possible types of such damage. Nevertheless, its presence is a significant drawback of the power direction organs. The principles of organ execution based on digital operations with orthogonal components of input voltages and currents have been considered. The result of the functioning of the power direction body is reduced to the development of an information sign equal to: one – with the direct direction of power; minus one – when it is in the opposite direction. To eliminate the “dead” zone, the work of the organ is organized using the voltage “memory”. In order to obtain the required duration of the “memory”, frequency compensation is implemented. The study of the effectiveness of the decisions made, as well as the behavior of the power direction control in normal and emergency modes, has been carried out by the method of a computational experiment. In the MATLAB-Simulink-SimPowerSystems dynamic simulation system, models of the electrical system and a digital power direction control have been developed. The results of the research have shown that the joint use of the existing and proposed principles for the implementation of a digital power direction control ensures an increase in its technical perfection and eliminates the “dead” zone while maintaining its stable operation for an arbitrarily long period of time.

Characterizing the Adhesion Between Thin Films and Rigid Substrates Using Digital Image Correlation-Informed Inverse Finite Elements and the Blister Test

Abstract Characterizing the adhesion between thin films and rigid substrates is crucial in engineering applications. Still, existing standard methods suffer from issues such as poor reproducibility, difficulties in quantifying adhesion parameters, or overestimation of adhesion strength and fracture energy. Recent studies have shown that the blister test (BT) is a superior method for characterizing adhesion, as it provides a quantifiable measurement of mix-mode fracture energy, and it is highly reproducible. In this paper, we present a novel method to characterize mechanical mix-mode adhesion between thin films and rigid substrates using the BT. Our method combines the full triaxial displacement field obtained through digital image correlation with inverse finite element method simulations using cohesive zone elements. This approach eliminates the need for making any mechanistic or kinematic assumptions of the blister formation and allows the characterization of the full traction-separation law governing the adhesion between the film and the substrate. To demonstrate the efficacy of this methodology, we conducted a case study analyzing the adhesion mechanics of a polymeric pressure-sensitive adhesive on an aluminum substrate. Our results indicate that the proposed technique is a reliable and effective method for characterizing the mix-mode traction-separation law governing the mechanical behavior of the adhesive interface and could have broad applications in the field of materials science and engineering. Also, by providing a comprehensive understanding of the adhesion mechanics between thin films and rigid substrates, our method can aid in the design and optimization of adhesively bonded structures.

Extended Reality (XR) - Applications in Thoracic Surgery

Extended reality (XR) includes the sub-terms of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) and describes interactive and immersive technologies that replace the real world with digital elements or seamlessly extend it with such approaches. XR thus offers a very wide range of possible applications in medicine. In surgery, and thoracic surgery in particular, XR technologies can be harnessed for treatment planning, navigation, training, and patient information. Such applications are increasingly being tested and need to be evaluated. We provide an overview of the status quo of technical development, current surgical applications of XR, and look into the future of the medical XR landscape with integration of artificial intelligence (AI).