Digital Design Research Articles

Cost-Effective digital twin Design for entertainment Enterprise’s through Machine learning

The backbone of the Indian economy, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) players provide rural residents with steady income and long-term employment possibilities. Due to antiquated machinery, ineffective procedures, outdated manufacturing and business methods, and a severe lack of funds to cover their capital and operating costs, Indian MSME operators are finding it difficult to thrive in the cutthroat market of today. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) mistakenly believe that the industry 4.0 ecosystem, which encompasses numerous developing technologies, is exclusively intended for larger corporations. However, SMEs can effectively leverage these technologies to tackle their operational difficulties. This research study offers a unique, purpose-built Industry 4.0 solution to help MSME participants in the Software as a Service (SaaS) model save maintenance costs. With just monthly operating costs, this system provides a scalable and incredibly economical approach that does not require any capital expenditures. This solution includes emerging technologies such as IoT, cloud, analytics, and mobile applications. This solution has been implemented in three MSME businesses from Chennai, India and achieved 84% decrease in maintenance cost.

Construction of teaching system of public art major using CMOS image sensor technology

The traditional public art education model has many drawbacks. After all, this teaching model is the most common teaching model. Most colleges and universities still rely on the traditional teaching mode. This teaching mode is not attractive, boring, and low cost, so the popularity rate is high. The digital interactive design with multimedia courseware as the main body has played a great role in promoting the teaching of public art education in colleges and universities. In this paper, when teachers use multimedia courseware for teaching, because the computer cannot process physical signals, part of the hardware is a converter that converts physical signals such as light and pictures received by the CMOS sensor into digital signals and inputs them to digital signals and analog signals. Through the converter, the two-way transmission of teacher and student information in the teaching process of public art majors from the perspective of diversified public art was realized. At the same time, the information elements of sound, image and text were integrated into the interactive works of public art majors from the perspective of diverse public art, so as to stimulate students’ interest in public art learning. Combined with the application of CMOS image sensor technology in diversified public art teaching, a questionnaire survey was conducted to explore the satisfaction of students in public art education and teaching of colleges and universities by CMOS image sensor technology, 50% of the students agreed with the proposal in this article. In this paper, the diversified public art teaching based on CMOS image sensor technology was derived outside the classroom, and the teaching was related to students’ life, so as to improve the artistic atmosphere of the campus and truly improve the teaching effect of public art education in colleges and universities.

The Digital Therapeutics Real-World Evidence Framework: An Approach for Guiding Evidence-Based Digital Therapeutics Design, Development, Testing, and Monitoring.

Digital therapeutics (DTx) are a promising way to provide safe, effective, accessible, sustainable, scalable, and equitable approaches to advance individual and population health. However, developing and deploying DTx is inherently complex in that DTx includes multiple interacting components, such as tools to support activities like medication adherence, health behavior goal-setting or self-monitoring, and algorithms that adapt the provision of these according to individual needs that may change over time. While myriad frameworks exist for different phases of DTx development, no single framework exists to guide evidence production for DTx across its full life cycle, from initial DTx development to long-term use. To fill this gap, we propose the DTx real-world evidence (RWE) framework as a pragmatic, iterative, milestone-driven approach for developing DTx. The DTx RWE framework is derived from the 4-phase development model used for behavioral interventions, but it includes key adaptations that are specific to the unique characteristics of DTx. To ensure the highest level of fidelity to the needs of users, the framework also incorporates real-world data (RWD) across the entire life cycle of DTx development and use. The DTx RWE framework is intended for any group interested in developing and deploying DTx in real-world contexts, including those in industry, health care, public health, and academia. Moreover, entities that fund research that supports the development of DTx and agencies that regulate DTx might find the DTx RWE framework useful as they endeavor to improve how DTxcan advance individual and population health.

An 11.36-Bit 405 μW SAR-VCO ADC with single-path differential VCO-based quantizer in 65 nm CMOS

In this paper, a low-power, small-area SAR-VCO ADC is proposed using a highly linear and single-path differential VCO-based quantizer. Compared to conventional digital solution or analog design, proposed digital synthesizable dynamic voltage comparator (DVC) employs a two-stage structure, which reduces the comparator delay and offset and saves chip area. Furthermore, improved differential voltage-to-current (V–I) converter enables the realization of a single-path differential VCO-based quantizer. Trimming circuits enhance the robustness of VCO, compensating for variations induced by process variations. Additionally, a novel frequency-to-digital converter (FDC) is used as the fine quantization to directly measure the frequency. Finally, a SAR-VCO ADC is realized in 65 nm CMOS process. The simulation results show that the signal-to-noise distortion ratio (SNDR) is 70.16 dB under sampling rate of 7.8 MHz at oversampling rate (OSR) of 8. The proposed ADC has a supply voltage of 1.2V and a power consumption of 405 μW. It occupies an area of 0.16 mm2, and achieves an area figure of merit (FoMA) of 25.12 fJ*mm2/conversion-step.

How Recommendation Affects Customer Search: A Field Experiment

The findings of this study have important implications for digital platform designers, managers, and regulators. First, the large-scale field experiment provides valuable insights into the relationship between product recommendation and consumer search under different scenarios. It highlights the importance of understanding consumer demand states and previous interests. Platforms can use these findings to customize product recommendations at an individual level and foster channel complementarity between recommendation and search. Second, the study emphasizes the need to consider channel spillovers. Optimizing recommender systems without considering the impact of channel interactions with search engines may lead to suboptimal results. Platforms should aim for a more coordinated integration of recommendation and search channels, as our conceptual framework illustrates how customers in different demand states can be influenced and served by both systems. Third, the findings offer insights into the potential impact of data regulations on e-commerce platforms. The study demonstrates that data regulations have a greater impact on the recommendation channel compared with the search channel. Platforms should find a balance between recommendation and search when facing stringent data regulations. They may strategically focus on the search channel to gather revealed customer interests, leading to a deeper integration of both channels.

Angkut.in: The Future of Trucking by Digital Product Design Journey

Jepara Regency in Central Java, Indonesia, is renowned as the "World Carving Center" due to its flourishing furniture carving industry. Despite successfully exporting carvings globally, the distribution process encounters challenges with conventional methods, primarily due to a limited truck fleet exacerbated by the post-pandemic situation. This study aims to scrutinize the effectiveness of "Angkut.in" as an innovative solution for overcoming hurdles in heavy goods distribution, particularly furniture. Utilizing Design Thinking, the research incorporates an analysis of the application of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and digital marketing strategies within the "Angkut.in" application design. Employing a Supply Chain Management (SCM) approach, the research assesses the application's impact on local innovation growth, operational efficiency, and the competitiveness of the furniture industry. Market analysis indicates a focus on the online furniture entrepreneur segment. The marketing strategy involves real-time tracking services, live price checking, and user-friendly application interfaces. The business model adopts a Business-to-Business (B2B) approach, emphasizing transportation services for large goods businesses. The business identity design encompasses color selection, typography, and graphic elements that mirror the innovative and reliable nature of goods delivery services. Risk analysis covers technological factors, market competition, loss of goods, data security, capital limitations, regulatory changes, market acceptance, and force majeure. Angkut.In is categorized as a low-risk business according to the risk analysis matrix. The prototype validation by UKM Partners yielded a score of 8.5 out of 10, indicating maturity and compliance with most evaluation criteria. The provided fix notes will guide further development steps before the official launch.

EMPLOYERS' REQUIREMENTS DURING UPDATING THE CONTENT OF DESIGNERS PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

This research is aimed at determining the competencies expected by stakeholders from graphic designers, based on the method of analyzing job advertisements for graphic designers in Ukraine, taking into account the analysis of similar advertisements in Poland as an additional labor market (200 job advertisements in Ukraine and 100 job advertisements in Poland), to determine ways to update the professional training of graphic designers in the system of higher education. The systematized and processed results of the analysis indicate that the vast majority of employers need a universal specialist with project execution skills for static printed production, as well as developed competencies in the field of digital design to create visual communications for the online representation of companies while preserving visual identity. The results can be used to update curriculums, educational programs, the content of courses, forms, methods of teaching, methods of interaction between teachers and students of the "Graphic Design" specialty.

Ceramic Product Design Based on Chinese Festival Element

In order to improve cultural and artistic value, the study investigates the significance of incorporating Chinese festivals into digital ceramic design. The integration of Chinese festivals into digital ceramics is a way to celebrate and preserve traditional Chinese culture while communicating historical and cultural significance, according to a thematic analysis. This combination provides a forum for intercultural communication and creativity. Additionally, by enhancing artistic and cultural elements, combining Chinese festivals with digital ceramic product designs has synergistic value. With ceramics, this method allows for creative expression, storytelling, and cultural heritage preservation. Tradition and technology work together to create distinctive, eye-catching digital ceramic works that encapsulate the spirit of Chinese festivals while also preserving and advancing cultural traditions. Essentially, the study highlights how Chinese festivals can be incorporated into digital ceramic design. It demonstrates how this integration fosters creativity and cultural preservation by bridging the gap between tradition and technology. Similar to how symbols are essential to ceramic design, fusing traditional and modern aesthetics makes ceramic products more appealing and allows for deeper cultural significance. In order to bridge the gaps in Chinese ceramic design and ultimately advance Chinese culture and ceramics through innovative design, the study emphasises the necessity of semiotic approaches and thematic holiday-themed ceramic designs. This study advances the knowledge of how traditional culture can enhance modern ceramic design, creating a bond with consumers and preserving the health of China's ceramics sector.

Enabling Human-Autonomy Teaming in Aviation: A Framework to Address Human Factors in Digital Assistants Design

The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in aviation necessitates more research into human-autonomy teaming in these domain settings. This paper describes the development of a design framework for supporting Human Factors novices in considering human factors, improving human-autonomy collaboration, and maintaining safety when developing AI tools for aviation settings. Combining elements of Hierarchical Task Analysis, Coactive Design, and Types and Levels of Autonomy, the design framework provides guidance in three phases: modelling and understanding the existing system and associated tasks; producing a new function allocation for optimal Human-Autonomy Teaming (HAT); and assessing HAT-related risks of the proposed design. In this framework, designers generate a comprehensive set of design considerations to support subsequent development processes. Framework limitations and future research avenues are discussed.

Interface design features and evaluation of batik 4.0 mobile application

The use of information and communication technology could increase the quantity and quality of small medium enterprises (SME) production, including batik industry. This study focuses on the development of batik 4.0, a custom batik mobile-based interface that makes it easier for customer which can be used to quickly produce high-quality digital batik designs. The findings of this study simplify the ordering process for potential clients who want to acquire custom batik designs. Ease of transactions, namely down payments (DP) where users can make advance payments, so that users are relieved in terms of payment transactions. In designing mobile devices, applications, and user interfaces (UI), it is important to consider the user experience (UX). This paper focuses on UX design rooted in the user-centered design (UCD) approach, placing emphasis on understanding user requirements and prioritizing empathy for users. This ensures the recognition of user needs and the creation of a high-fidelity prototype. Then it was validated by the UI experts to identify problems and user difficulties in interacting with the UI. The experts responded positively towards the application and suggest for prototype improvement. Lastly, UX testing; based on the user experience questionnaire (UEQ)-S benchmark results, the batik 4.0 mobile is included in the “Excellent” category.

A fully digital workflow to design anterior guidance for an implant-supported single crown using a modified patient-specific motion technique

Current methods for designing anterior guidance of anterior fixed prostheses are either complicated or lack accuracy. The article describes a fully digital workflow to design individualized anterior guidance of an implant-supported single crown by using a modified patient-specific motion technique. The technique aims to optimize the digital occlusal design workflow, thereby improving the occlusal fit and long-term stability of anterior fixed prostheses.

Constant On/Off-Time Digital Current Control and Design Methods in Three-Level Flying-Capacitor Boost Converters for Fast Transient and Voltage Balancing

Constant On/Off-Time Digital Current Control and Design Methods in Three-Level Flying-Capacitor Boost Converters for Fast Transient and Voltage Balancing

CMOS full adder cells based on modified full swing restored complementary pass transistor logic for energy efficient high speed arithmetic applications

In modern Digital System design, adders are widely used in many applications including Microprocessors, Digital Signal Processors, Arithmetic Logic Units and digital signal processing. Power efficiency is an important key factor for any integrated circuits. By considering the importance of Full Adder (FA) cells, their power consumption may play significant role in overall power consumption. So designing a low-power full adder is important to achieve the high-performance computing. Swing restored technique is commonly used method to reduce the signal swing at the internal nodes and it helps to reduce the power consumption and improves the circuit's speed. This paper presents a novel hybrid full adder cell design using the modified swing restored technique and complementary pass transistor logic. The Full Adder circuit was implemented using Cadence Virtuoso tool on gptk 180nm CMOS process technology. The proposed full adder was compared with earlier reported circuits based on Delay, Power and PDP. The comparison shows that proposed circuit consumes less power with high performance. Also various process corners and noise immunity were analyzed to find the sensitivity of the circuit. Further an 8-bit Ripple Carry Adder was designed using the proposed full adder to verify the functionality in higher order bits. Simulations were performed and analysed using the Cadence Spectre.

APPLICATION OF DIGITAL DESIGN OF TOURISM CENTRE OF SENDURO IN BROMO - TENGGER - SEMERU NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA

Instagram able places is a new trend before the Covid-19 pandemic. The theory of Instagram able places has not yet developed in the Architectural field. Several business-related studies have proposed the use of social media, especially Instagram, to attract tourists to attractions. However, Instagram's design approach is only used by creating new building structures that alienate local ecology and dim cultural values. The Senduro Tourism Centre is used as an example of using Instagram for sustainable design at the tourism gate of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. The design of the Senduro Tourism Centre is carried out in such a way as to be able to move the economy of the tourism sector of Lumajang Regency in the pandemic era while maintaining the preservation of its natural and cultural assets to be sustainable. The Hindu-Sacred Profane (Tri-Mandala) zoning, and a sustainable design approach, are also used to ensure the sustainable tourism activities of Senduro. As a result, using digital design tools, we are able to process and present elements of the natural and cultural landscape in an attractive perspective through the design of the Senduro Tourism Centre scheme. In the future, Instagram's design approach can be used more sustainably in tourist attractions in Indonesia.

Active-matrix digital microfluidics design for field programmable high-throughput digitalized liquid handling

Digital liquid sample handling is an enabling tool for cutting-edge life-sciences research. We present here an active-matrix thin-film transistor (TFT) based digital microfluidics system, referred to as Field Programmable Droplet Array (FPDA). The system contains 256×256 pixels in an active area of 10.65cm2, which can manipulate thousands of addressable liquid droplets simultaneously. By leveraging a novel TFT device and circuits design solution, we manage to programmatically manipulate droplets at single-pixel level. The minimum achievable droplet volume is around 0.5 nL, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than the smallest droplet ever reported on active-matrix digital microfluidics. The movement of droplets can be either pre-programmed or controlled in real-time. The FPDA system shows great potential of the ubiquitous thin-film electronics technology in digital liquid handling. These efforts will make it possible to create a true programmable lab-on-a-chip device to enable great advances in life science research.

Automatic data-driven design and 3D printing of custom ocular prostheses.

Millions of people require custom ocular prostheses due to eye loss or congenital defects. The current fully manual manufacturing processes used by highly skilled ocularists are time-consuming with varying quality. Additive manufacturing technology has the potential to simplify the manufacture of ocular prosthetics, but existing approaches just replace to various degrees craftsmanship by manual digital design and still require substantial expertise and time. Here we present an automatic digital end-to-end process for producing custom ocular prostheses that uses image data from an anterior segment optical coherence tomography device and considers both shape and appearance. Our approach uses a statistical shape model to predict, based on incomplete surface information of the eye socket, a best fitting prosthesis shape. We use a colour characterized image of the healthy fellow eye to determine and procedurally generate the prosthesis's appearance that matches the fellow eye. The prosthesis is manufactured using a multi-material full-colour 3D printer and postprocessed to satisfy regulatory compliance. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by presenting results for 10 clinic patients who received a 3D printed prosthesis. Compared to a current manual process, our approach requires five times less labour of the ocularist and produces reproducible output.

The Effectiveness of Hybrid Learning in English Pronunciation Pedagogy in the Nigerian ESL Context

This paper is a study on the effectiveness of hybrid learning; a blend of traditional and technology-based training, vis-à-vis the second language (L2) learner of English pronunciation. Specifically, our motivation is centred on the functionality of combining the habitual classroom teaching style with the Telegram app (a mobile-based technological tool) for studies relating to speech production and perception. The methodical procedure and design for this study is both quantitative and descriptive; employing the use of a multiple-choice questionnaire in data collection from 401 Nigerian undergraduate and postgraduate students in the University of Benin, Nigeria, to ascertain the effectiveness of digital designs and stratagems. Pie charts are employed to display multiple divisions of the study's data comparison. This study emphasizes the Online-Driver Blended Learning Model; such a pedagogical approach exposes the L2 learner to a more involved and effective way of understanding how to avoid imposing an unfamiliar accent upon the target language. Consequently, we see a merger of online practical exercises and exposure to uploaded multimodal texts and native speakers' spoken data (audio-visual recordings/voice notes) with scheduled direct classroom interludes. Findings confirm that exploiting such a hybrid model enhances students' cognitive abilities and retentive capacity regarding English pronunciation. Such digital audio-visual tools are paramount phonetic strategies for learning how to avoid unacceptable phonetic alterations. Thus, we see the effectiveness of integrating the Telegram app into the traditional brick-and-mortar educational method in handling problems associated with speech sound production and second-language phonological interference.

Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Digital Models Formulated From Direct Intra-oral Scanning of Dental Arches in Comparison With Extra-oral Scanning of Poured Dental Models in Terms of Dimensional Accuracy and Reliability.

The study's objective was to assess the dimensional accuracy and reliability of dental digital models prepared by direct intraoral scanning and indirect scanning of the plaster models compared to the plaster models as the gold standard. This study included 20 patients. Nine had a class I malocclusion, seven had a class II malocclusion, and four had a class III malocclusion. Intraoral scanning was done for the upper and lower arches of all the patients enrolled in this study using an intraoral scanner (i700; Medit, Seoul, Korea). The next step was preparing the plaster model for the control group. Addition-silicone impressions were taken for each patient's arches. The impressions were poured according to American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) standards. Finally, the digital models of the indirect scanning group were prepared using a 3D desktop scanner (T710; Medit). In total, 26 measurements were made on the plaster and digital models. Paired t-tests were used to test for significant differences between the studied groups. The reliability of the studied techniques was tested using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Because of the multiple comparisons, the ɑ level was adjusted and set at 0.002. No significant differences were found between the intraoral scanning group (20 patients) and the plaster models group (20 patients; P>0.002). The ICCs ranged from 0.814 to 0.993, indicating excellent agreement between the direct digital and traditional plaster models. There were no significant differences between the digital and original plaster models (P>0.002). ICCs ranged from 0.834 to 0.995, indicating excellent agreement between the indirect digital and original plaster models. No significant differences were detected between the direct and indirect digital models (P>0.002). ICCs ranged between 0.813 and 0.999, indicating excellent agreement between direct and indirect digital models. Both direct and indirect scanning techniques are accurate and reliable for digital model preparation and can be considered an alternative to traditional plaster models used in clinical orthodontics diagnostic applications. The intraoral scanning technique can be considered a valid alternative for indirect scanning of the plaster models to prepare digital working models during the digital design and fabrication of orthodontic appliances such as clear aligners.

Neurocognitive responses to spatial design behaviors and tools among interior architecture students: a pilot study

The impact of emotions on human behavior is substantial, and the ability to recognize people's feelings has a wide range of practical applications including education. Here, the methods and tools of education are being calibrated according to the data gained over electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The issue of which design tools would be ideal in the future of interior architecture education, is an uncertain field. It is important to measure the students’ emotional states while using manual and digital design tools to determine the different impacts. Brain-computer interfaces have made it possible to monitor emotional states in a way that is both convenient and economical. In the research of emotion recognition, EEG signals have been employed, and the resulting literature explains basic emotions as well as complicated scenarios that are created from the combination of numerous basic emotions. The objective of this study is to investigate the emotional states and degrees of attachment experienced by interior architecture students while engaging in their design processes. This includes examining the use of 2D or 3D tools, whether manual or digital, and identifying any changes in design tool usage and behaviors that may be influenced by different teaching techniques. Accordingly, the hierarchical clustering which is a technique used in data analysis to group objects into a hierarchical structure of clusters based on their similarities has been conducted.

MATERIAL AND ARCHITECTURAL FORM: MODERN POSSIBILITIES OF RELATIONSHIP

The reliance of architectural designs on the possibilities of material support is one of the challenges of construction. The expansion of these relationships contributes to the development of modern technologies and the search for new materials. The goal is to highlight the relationship between building materials and architectural form and to study the prospects of the influence of modern building materials on the architectural image of a building object in the future. If, until the beginning of the last century, statics dominated the architectural form, then the development of science contributed to the emergence of building materials resistant to bending and stretching and dynamic architectural structures. In general, all building materials have undergone an evolution from classic to innovative with the inclusion of additional components and even nanostructures in their composition. Stone and clay are the oldest natural building materials. Stone has long been used for the construction of foundations, walls, stairs, and corridors. At the same time, modern stone architectural forms were transformed into pixelated facades, landscape elements, coatings, and exterior and interior zoning. Clay with various additives is used for the production of clay concrete, fibre concrete, and a clay-stone mixture reinforced with barbed wire. If traditional wooden architecture is characterized by a simple geometry of forms with right angles, then at the modern stage, plastic outlines are created thanks to digital design and the introduction of hydrophobic nanoparticles. Artificial building materials require a lot of energy during production and have a large carbon footprint. At the same time, reinforcing concrete with various types of fibres increases compressive and tensile strength and improves wear and impact resistance. Modified brick with additives has increased moisture resistance, frost resistance and wear resistance. Modern architecture uses the natural properties of brickwork to create a "pixel" surface effect. The modern form of traditional glass - foam glass, is an effective heat-insulating, sound-insulating and structural material. Metal structural, fencing and finishing elements. At the same time, the modern use of metal on facades (foam metals, metal polymers) more effectively emphasizes the texture and peculiarity of the forms. A type of tile with photo modules allows you to produce electricity. Connection of material and architectural forms has deep historical roots. The creation of new materials contributes to the improvement of forms. Modern architectural forms are implemented not only with the use of natural materials, but also innovative ones, including the use of nanotechnology. This makes it possible to endow natural materials with the properties required by the modern construction industry.