Preservation Of Digital Data Research Articles

Analysis on Challenges and Improvements of Electronic Evidence Preservation on Blockchain in China

Technological innovation has always been a key factor in national development. Since moving into the Internet era, all walks of life have begun to explore ways to integrate with the Internet in order to achieve innovation and transformation, and the judicial field is no exception. In terms of the preservation of digital data, the judicial industry of China has combined with blockchain technology to make certain explorations and innovations. Blockchain technology was first widely used in the financial industry, but it can also play a unique role in the field of digital data’s storage and authentication, due to its decentralisation and tamper-proofing and other technical features. However, there are still some specific challenges in the practical application of blockchain technology in the judicial field of China. On the one hand, some traditional concepts are still deeply rooted, such as the reliance on the original rule and the notary system. On the other hand, there are some shortcomings of blockchain technology itself, when applying it to preserve electronic evidence. In order to solve these difficulties faced in practice, traditional concepts of electronic evidence should be transformed, and a decentralised proof model should be developed to eliminate the reliance on traditional identification procedures. At the same time, with a view to guaranteeing the integrity and diversity of the electronic evidence preserved in blockchain, there is a need to explore ways to optimise relevant complementing system and to broaden the forms of data that can be stored on blockchain.

Digital Archiving in Archaeology: Assessing the State of the Art

The Saving European Archaeology from Digital Dark Age (SEADDA) COST Action (CA18128) is funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union and aims to create a network for archaeologists and digital specialists to build capacity for the long-term preservation of digital data for archaeology. More than 20 countries are involved in SEADDA, and have undertaken surveys, publications, workshops, STSMs (Short Term Scientific Missions) and other activities carried out to increase awareness and share expertise. Within the scope of the project, Internet Archeology 58 2021, titled "Digital Archiving in Archeology: Assessing the State of the Art", and then Internet Archeology 63 2023, titled "Digital Archiving in Archeology: Additional State of the Art and Further Analyzes" were published. This article will give a brief introduction to SEADDA but will focus primarily on what we are learning from Internet Archaeology 58 and Internet Archaeology 63, how it is helping us to understand digital archaeological data around the world. In this study, 37 articles from 31 different countries were examined, according to three main categories: administrative structure, physical and digital archives for archaeological data. In the light of the data obtained, it is difficult to generalize about archaeological data processes and management; however, different countries and regions are applying different methods to create repositories. Legislation, budgets, and human resources are all factors which affect these processes for preserving digital archaeological data for future generations. But, all countries need to share expertise, and engage in capacity building, especially around legislations, human resources, standards and guidelines, whilst financial support needs to be prioritized.

Towards an Open Digital Ecosystem for Archaeology in South America: The BADACor (Córdoba Archaeological Sites Database) as a case of an open digital archaeological source for heritage management in central Argentina

BaDACor is a database that contains a comprehensive inventory of archaeological sites located in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. The creation of this database was the result of a top-down approach, which involved the collaboration of decision-makers and professionals from the academic and state-governmental sectors. Furthermore, the database has also been utilised in a bottom-up approach, whereby interest groups and citizens concerned with heritage preservation have made use of it. This has been particularly important in light of the construction of Highway 38, which has resulted in damage to natural habitats and the destruction of territories of communities with traditional ways of life. Additionally, the construction of the highway has also endangered the integrity of ancestral territories loaded with symbolism for aboriginal communities. BaDACor has been employed in legal claims in cases of conflict with the state, and has proved to be an invaluable tool for heritage management. This is especially significant for local communities and indigenous groups who have historically had their heritage desecrated, destroyed, and hidden. The availability of BaDACor on different platforms has facilitated better access to information while also ensuring the preservation of digital data. The use of digital media has been reinforced through talks, conferences, and meetings with stakeholders to ensure that the voices of affected communities are heard in decision-making processes.

Историческая иммортализация: эффективные методы долгосрочного хранения исторических данных

The article is devoted to the study of the issues of longterm preservation of digital historical data and ensuring their security in the digital world. Modern methods of archiving electronic data are analyzed and a conclusion is made about the expediency of using a microservice architecture with storage replication.

Document-Based Nuclear Archaeology

Deeper reductions in the nuclear arsenals will require better understanding of historic fissile material management and production. The concept of “nuclear archaeology” has been considered since the 1990s to provide the tools and methods to develop independent production estimates, primarily based on nuclear forensic techniques. Here, we propose to add a framework for reconstructing the history of a nuclear program that complements traditional nuclear archaeology techniques by examining the role of operating records to support such an effort. As a test case, we use the JEEP II reactor, a 2 MW civilian research reactor at Norway’s Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), in operation for more than fifty years, however, recently shut down permanently. We have collected, analyzed, and started to preserve the reactor’s operating records, which exist on both analog and digital media, and to simulate parts of its history using OpenMC/ONIX neutronics calculations. A particular focus of this project has been on digital data curation and preservation to confirm and maintain the integrity, authenticity, and provenance of these records. In developing guidelines for best practices that conform to existing standards for long-term digital preservation and curation, we hope this project can help lay the basis for future nuclear archaeology efforts to support nuclear arms control and disarmament.

Computer vision for detecting field-evolved lepidopteran resistance to Bt maize.

Resistance evolution of lepidopteran pests to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins produced in maize and cotton is a significant issue worldwide. Effective toxin stewardship requires reliable detection of field-evolved resistance to enable the implementation of mitigation strategies. Currently, visual estimates of maize injury are used to document changing susceptibility. In this study, we evaluated an existing maize injury monitoring protocol used to estimate Bt resistance levels in Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). We detected high interobserver variability across multiple injury metrics, suggesting that the precision and accuracy of maize injury detection could be improved. To do this, we developed a computer vision-based algorithm to measure H. zea injury. Algorithm estimates were more accurate and precise than a sample of human observers. Moreover, observer estimates tended to overpredict H. zea injury, which may increase the false-positive rate, leading to prophylactic insecticide application and unnecessary regulatory action. Automated detection and tracking of lepidopteran resistance evolution to Bt toxins are critical for genetically engineered crop stewardship to prevent the use of additional insecticides to combat resistant pests. Advantages of this computerized screening are: (i) standardized Bt injury metrics in space and time, (ii) preservation of digital data for cross-referencing when thresholds are reached, and (iii) the ability to increase sample sizes significantly. This technological solution represents a significant step toward improving confidence in resistance monitoring efforts among researchers, regulators and the agricultural biotechnology industry.

Saving us from the Digital Dark Age: the Austrian perspective

In Austria, archaeological research and excavation practice is shaped by a legislative framework and institutional actors. Besides the institutions, the role of private archaeological contractors has grown in the last decade and recently non-commercial associations have been founded. According to the Austrian Monument Protection Act, the Federal Monuments Authority issues permits for any archaeological excavation or survey activity. Documentation and preservation of physical material are regulated by the Monument Protection Act as well as by dedicated guidelines published by the Federal Monuments Authority. With the recent increased use of digital methods, the importance of preserving and disseminating digital data has risen. Although the Austrian government pursues a digitisation agenda including the promotion of Open Science, the availability of repositories suitable for long-term preservation of digital data does not meet the requirements arising from the ever-increasing amount of data.

ワークショップ(6)「デジタルデータの保存・管理–現場視点からの共有課題を考える」報告

ワークショップ(6)「デジタルデータの保存・管理–現場視点からの共有課題を考える」報告

Scientific data management in the federal government: A case study of NOAA and responsibility for preserving digital data

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the ways in which the evolution of federal and agency‐specific data management policies has affected and continues to affect the long‐term preservation of digital scientific data produced by the United States government. After reviewing the existing literature on the role of archival theory and practice in the preservation of scientific data, we present the case of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to analyze how data management activities at this agency are shaped by legislative mandates as well as both government‐wide and agency‐specific information‐management policies. Through the connected network of law, federal policy, agency policy, and the records schedules which govern recordkeeping practice in the federal government, we propose a number of further questions on how government agencies can effectively provide for the management of scientific data as federal records.

Stabilizing synthetic DNA for long-term data storage with earth alkaline salts.

Rapid aging tests (70 °C, 50% RH) of solid state DNA dried in the presence of various salt formulations, showed the strong stabilizing effect of calcium phosphate, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, even at high DNA loadings (>20 wt%). A DNA-based digital information storage system utilizing the stabilizing effect of MgCl2 was tested by storing a DNA file, encoding 115 kB of digital data, and the successful readout of the file by sequencing after accelerated aging.

Contribuições da Rede Cariniana para a preservação digital nos repositórios digitais institucionais

Discute sobre as contribuições da Rede Cariniana no âmbito da preservação digital em Repositórios Digitais Institucionais. Utiliza como metodologia instrumentos necessários para o desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, exploratória e descritiva, com uma abordagem qualitativa. Faz uso de um estudo de caso no Repositório Digital Institucional da UFRN por meio de uma coleta de dados feita através da realização de uma entrevista semiestruturada. Aborda reflexões e conceitos relacionados à preservação digital, que é entendida como um conjunto de ações e técnicas responsáveis quanto à informação digital, permitindo que ela seja preservada e recuperada ao longo do tempo. Menciona a Rede Cariniana, que oferece diversas alternativas para que as entidades brasileiras possam colecionar, armazenar e promover o acesso ao conteúdo selecionado por meio de cópias autorizadas. Aponta que o processo de conexão entre a ciência eletrônica e a necessidade de preservação dos dados digitais estaria baseado nos Repositórios Digitais Institucionais. Apresenta como resultados a garantia da guarda como principal interesse na adoção de ferramentas dirigidas à preservação digital de documentos; a UFRN faz parte do estudo realizado pela Rede Cariniana, a qual abriga a tipologia científica, cujo crescimento documental chega a 3000 por ano e visa a congregar todo o material científico nos próximos 5 anos, levando em consideração os aspectos tecnológicos, humanos e a ação prática de uma política de preservação digital. Sob este viés, a pesquisa finaliza que o propósito de enriquecer e contribuir para as iniciativas e práticas sobre a preservação digital brasileira é bastante promovido pela Rede Cariniana, por meio de uma infraestrutura descentralizada.

Long-term preservation of biomedical research data

Genomics and molecular imaging, along with clinical and translational research have transformed biomedical science into a data-intensive scientific endeavor. For researchers to benefit from Big Data sets, developing long-term biomedical digital data preservation strategy is very important. In this opinion article, we discuss specific actions that researchers and institutions can take to make research data a continued resource even after research projects have reached the end of their lifecycle. The actions involve utilizing an Open Archival Information System model comprised of six functional entities: Ingest, Access, Data Management, Archival Storage, Administration and Preservation Planning. We believe that involvement of data stewards early in the digital data life-cycle management process can significantly contribute towards long term preservation of biomedical data. Developing data collection strategies consistent with institutional policies, and encouraging the use of common data elements in clinical research, patient registries and other human subject research can be advantageous for data sharing and integration purposes. Specifically, data stewards at the onset of research program should engage with established repositories and curators to develop data sustainability plans for research data. Placing equal importance on the requirements for initial activities (e.g., collection, processing, storage) with subsequent activities (data analysis, sharing) can improve data quality, provide traceability and support reproducibility. Preparing and tracking data provenance, using common data elements and biomedical ontologies are important for standardizing the data description, making the interpretation and reuse of data easier. The Big Data biomedical community requires scalable platform that can support the diversity and complexity of data ingest modes (e.g. machine, software or human entry modes). Secure virtual workspaces to integrate and manipulate data, with shared software programs (e.g., bioinformatics tools), can facilitate the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) use of data for near- and long-term research needs.

Long-term preservation of biomedical research data

Genomics and molecular imaging, along with clinical and translational research have transformed biomedical science into a data-intensive scientific endeavor. For researchers to benefit from Big Data sets, developing long-term biomedical digital data preservation strategy is very important. In this opinion article, we discuss specific actions that researchers and institutions can take to make research data a continued resource even after research projects have reached the end of their lifecycle. The actions involve utilizing an Open Archival Information System model comprised of six functional entities: Ingest, Access, Data Management, Archival Storage, Administration and Preservation Planning. We believe that involvement of data stewards early in the digital data life-cycle management process can significantly contribute towards long term preservation of biomedical data. Developing data collection strategies consistent with institutional policies, and encouraging the use of common data elements in clinical research, patient registries and other human subject research can be advantageous for data sharing and integration purposes. Specifically, data stewards at the onset of research program should engage with established repositories and curators to develop data sustainability plans for research data. Placing equal importance on the requirements for initial activities (e.g., collection, processing, storage) with subsequent activities (data analysis, sharing) can improve data quality, provide traceability and support reproducibility. Preparing and tracking data provenance, using common data elements and biomedical ontologies are important for standardizing the data description, making the interpretation and reuse of data easier. The Big Data biomedical community requires scalable platform that can support the diversity and complexity of data ingest modes (e.g. machine, software or human entry modes). Secure virtual workspaces to integrate and manipulate data, with shared software programs (e.g., bioinformatics tools), can facilitate the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) use of data for near- and long-term research needs.

Digital Ecosystems for Data Preservation

The purpose of the investigation is the review and research of digital ecosystems for data preservation. This paper will address issues concerning the handling of complex data such as research data, multimedia content, e‐learning content, and the use of repositories infrastructures. At the University of Vienna, an ecosystem for digital data preservation and research data management has already been established and will be subsequently be enlarged according to future needs and requirements in the future. This living digital ecosystem is the foundation for research data management and was implemented from the beginning as a central service according to the FAIR principles as stated in the first HLEG‐EOSC (https://ec.europa.eu/digitalsingle‐market) report. With the help of ten years of professional experience, a model for digital data preservation was established to address the complexity of heterogeneous data. It was necessary because of different use cases assigned to the interdisciplinary data management team based on the Computer Centre and the Library. The source for the use cases are research projects, their different approach to research and their multifaceted requirements regarding the efficient re‐use of data. The usage of this model might be considered as the foundation on which an ecosystem for digital data preservation can be built. Research methods is the management Phaidra Management created a model based on the Data Publication Pyramid, and added data not directly included in publications, such as inconclusive and negative results. Scientific novelty is to use three different models as a guide, the management redesigned the repository infrastructure, an important starting point for the transition from a simple repository concept to a living digital ecosystem concept. Conclusions. It provides a good working infrastructure, and connect with the research community and maintain links to other infrastructure projects.

Data Curation: How and Why. A Showcase with Re-use Scenarios.

IANUS is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) with the objective to build up a digital archive for archaeology and ancient studies in Germany. A first three year phase of conceptual work is now being followed by a second, in which the concepts get implemented and the data centre begins its operational work.Data curation is essential for preservation of digital data and helps to detect errors, aggregate documentation, ensure the reusability of data and in some cases even add further functionality and additional files. This paper will present the workflow of data curation based on a data collection about European vertebrate fauna and will exemplify the different data processing stages at IANUS according to the OAIS model – from its initial submission until its final presentation on the recently established data portal. One aspect of this will be the discussion of the archival information package. To enable and ease the reusability of research data, it is useful to enrich the data. This includes the GIS integration of geographic informations and reutilisation of bibliography. Finally a re-use scenario of research data stored in the IANUS repository will be presented that offers researchers a unified search and discovery facilities over several distributed and heterogeneous datasets by using Semantic Web technologies.

Who Cares About 3D Preservation?

Preservation of 3D research data is a present and emerging need. An increasing number of researchers are generating, capturing and/or analyzing 3D data, but are rarely focused on preservation or reuse. This paper and presentation will describe models of 3D data creation and use, outline the specific concerns for this data type, unpack complexities and challenges of preserving it and examine existing 3D data preservation resources while working through local case studies from the field of anthropology. Directions to move digital 3D data preservation forward will be discussed.

Data Management Rubric for Video Data in Organismal Biology.

SynopsisStandards-based data management facilitates data preservation, discoverability, and access for effective data reuse within research groups and across communities of researchers. Data sharing requires community consensus on standards for data management, such as storage and formats for digital data preservation, metadata (i.e., contextual data about the data) that should be recorded and stored, and data access. Video imaging is a valuable tool for measuring time-varying phenotypes in organismal biology, with particular application for research in functional morphology, comparative biomechanics, and animal behavior. The raw data are the videos, but videos alone are not sufficient for scientific analysis. Nearly endless videos of animals can be found on YouTube and elsewhere on the web, but these videos have little value for scientific analysis because essential metadata such as true frame rate, spatial calibration, genus and species, weight, age, etc. of organisms, are generally unknown. We have embarked on a project to build community consensus on video data management and metadata standards for organismal biology research. We collected input from colleagues at early stages, organized an open workshop, “Establishing Standards for Video Data Management,” at the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology meeting in January 2017, and then collected two more rounds of input on revised versions of the standards. The result we present here is a rubric consisting of nine standards for video data management, with three levels within each standard: good, better, and best practices. The nine standards are: (1) data storage; (2) video file formats; (3) metadata linkage; (4) video data and metadata access; (5) contact information and acceptable use; (6) camera settings; (7) organism(s); (8) recording conditions; and (9) subject matter/topic. The first four standards address data preservation and interoperability for sharing, whereas standards 5–9 establish minimum metadata standards for organismal biology video, and suggest additional metadata that may be useful for some studies. This rubric was developed with substantial input from researchers and students, but still should be viewed as a living document that should be further refined and updated as technology and research practices change. The audience for these standards includes researchers, journals, and granting agencies, and also the developers and curators of databases that may contribute to video data sharing efforts. We offer this project as an example of building community consensus for data management, preservation, and sharing standards, which may be useful for future efforts by the organismal biology research community.

Open Source Software for Digital Preservation Repositories : A Survey

In the digital age, the amount of data produced is growing exponentially. Governments and institutions can no longer rely on old methods for storing data and passing on the knowledge to future generations. Digital data preservation is a mandatory issue that needs proper strategies and tools. With this awareness, efforts are being made to create and perfect software solutions capable of responding to the challenge of properly preserving digital information. This paper focuses on the state-of-the-art in open-source software solutions for the digital preservation and curation field used to assimilate and disseminate information to designated audiences. Eleven open source projects for digital preservation are surveyed in areas such as supported standards and protocols, strategies for preservation, methodologies for reporting, dynamic of development, targeted operating systems, multilingual support and open source license. Furthermore, five of these open source projects, are further analysed, with focus on features deemed important for the area. Along open source solutions, the paper also briefly surveys the standards and protocols relevant for digital data preservation. The area of digital data preservation repositories has several open source solutions, which can form the base to overcome the challenges to reach mature and reliable digital data preservation.

Open Source Software for Digital Preservation Repositories: a Survey

In the digital age, the amount of data produced is growing exponentially. Governments and institutions can no longer rely on old methods for storing data and passing on the knowledge to future generations. Digital data preservation is a mandatory issue that needs proper strategies and tools. With this awareness, efforts are being made to create and perfect software solutions capable of responding to the challenge of properly preserving digital information. This paper focuses on the state-of-the-art in open-source software solutions for the digital preservation and curation field used to assimilate and disseminate information to designated audiences. Eleven open source projects for digital preservation are surveyed in areas such as supported standards and protocols, strategies for preservation, methodologies for reporting, dynamic of development, targeted operating systems, multilingual support and open source license. Furthermore, five of these open source projects, are further analysed, with focus on features deemed important for the area. Along open source solutions, the paper also briefly surveys the standards and protocols relevant for digital data preservation. The area of digital data preservation repositories has several open source solutions, which can form the base to overcome the challenges to reach mature and reliable digital data preservation.

The Long-Term Preservation of Digital Historical Geospatial Data: A Review of Issues and Methods

For quite some time, librarians and archivists have been concerned with the long term preservation of all manner of digital objects in their collections. More recently, scholars who have often spent years developing Geographic Information Systems for historical analysis have come to the realization that the more information technology evolves, the less likely it is that the historical geospatial data which they have painstakingly created will be accessible for many years to come. Further complicating the issue is the multiplicity of data structures that can make up the collection of geospatial information necessary for the instantiation of a map view. While there are currently no permanent solutions to these issues, there are a number of prudent steps that can be taken to preserve such data past the short-term, thus making it more likely that these valuable cultural resources can be migrated in step with advancing technologies well into the future.